Korean House Research Articles

Configurational Analysis of Contemporary Korean-Style Houses Regarding the Expression of Their Koreanity

This research focuses on how the 'Koreanity' inherent in many traditional Korean houses of the upper class is expressed in contemporary 'Korean-style' houses, and how aspects regarded as configurational characteristics of traditional houses are expressed in them. Three types of Korean house (traditional upper class, contemporary Korean-style and contemporary architect) are quantitatively analysed using the space syntax method to investigate of the spatial configuration and their syntactic properties. The research results show that the spatial configuration of traditional houses is more integrated than that of contemporary houses. Furthermore, contemporary Korean-style houses are similar to architect's houses in terms of their spatial configurations. The configurational analyses reveal that the way in which spatial configuration is expressed in contemporary Korean-style houses is significantly different from traditional Korean houses. This result is in direct contrast to the architects' claim that their houses maintain the configurational chracteristics of traditional Korean houses.

1970년대 '한국 민속촌' 건립 과정과 시대적 의미 고찰

Korean Folk Village was founded in 1974 as the first open-air museum in Korea. It consists of over one hundred traditional Korean houses and buildings. Most of structures in the Village were reproduced or newly constructed in traditional style. Some houses were used as craft shop and folklore performance. Preservation of vernacular architecture by the government began in the late 1960s in Korea. The development of the Village was initiated by the central government for the sake of attracting both the foreign and domestic tourists. Park Chung-hee administration focused on national culture to justify their dictatorship. The government drove a very rapid economic growth in the 1970s and Korean society was in the midst of modernization leaving many traditional landscapes behind in the memory. The Village was aimed to appeal the Korean people's nostalgia and at the same time to combine their folk into the modern nation.

아파트와 한옥의 LCC(Life Cycle Cost)분석 사례 연구

건축물의 총 소유비용을 분석하기 위해서는 초기단계의 설계와 시공비용 이외에도 기획비용, 유지관리 및 운영비용을 고려해야 한다. 이를 LCC(Life Cycle Cost)라고 부른다. 현재, 충분한 데이터와 기준의 부족으로 인해 LCC의 분석에 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 건축물의 LCC 분석 방법을 제시하고, 현대식 아파트와 전통 한옥 주택에 대한 LCC 사례 분석을 수행하고자 한다. 사례 연구의 결과 한옥이 현대식 아파트에 비해 유지보수와 운영 비용에 있어서 보다 효율적인 것으로 조사되었다. To analyze the total cost of ownership in a building construction project, we have to consider initial plan, maintenance and operation cost, in addition to the design and construction cost. This is called "Life Cycle Cost (LCC)." Currently, it is difficult to analyze LCC because of a lack of data and the appropriate criteria. This study tries to suggest a way to analyze the LCC of building construction projects, and apply it to case studies of modern apartment houses and Han-Ok, a type of traditional Korean house. The case studies found that a Han-Ok is more efficient than a modern apartment house from an LCC point of view, in terms of maintenance and operation cost.

A Study on the Application of a Ceiling Plenum Ventilation System in an Apartment House

Currently, an air change rate (0.7 h-1) and spring cooler installation must be considered when building an apartment house in Korea, in order to comply with the Building Standards and the Fire Service Act. In accordance with a series of legal requirements for Korean apartment houses, the improvement of the availability of ceiling space and space for working ease is required in apartments by installing a new ventilation system in the ceiling space to accommodate a spring cooler. In this study, a new ventilation system is suggested, called the ceiling plenum ventilation system. To introduce this system in the residential section of a residential-commercial complex building, a constant air volume system or combination air volume system with a 150 mm supply opening and branch duct must be used. For residential-commercial complex buildings with lower ceilings or for general apartment houses, the effective area of the supply opening of the rooms and the air supply duct at the total heat exchanger side must be increased and a combination air volume system must be used.

Korean Traditional Space Creator for Digital Contents

Since 2009, the Korean government began to invest heavily in the field of digital contents based on Korean cultural heritage like Korean dramas, films, animation, and virtual reality application. The investment was caused by Korean Wave, which is the surge of popularity of South Korean culture around the world since the 21st century [1], also called Hallyu in Korean. However the Korean historical dramas and films have misarranged the components of Korean traditional houses and ornaments chronologically and spatially. The typical problem is coming from the lack of reference to who builds the sets. The one of the solutions is Korean Space Creator that has real time renderer to show the created space instantly and the database of traditional Korean house components, then it is easy for digital contents producers to use. At present the application has the specific regional materials of Chosun Dynasty (1392-1910) in database; it will extend to more region and dynasties.

The influence of wind flows on thermal comfort in the Daechung of a traditional Korean house

Daechung, a semi-open space with wooden floor located between the front and backyards of traditional Korean residences, is well known as a cool space in summer due to cross-ventilation, but it has not yet been scientifically explained thoroughly. The purpose of this paper is to characterize the wind flow measured at a Daechung to interpret the effects of the wind characteristics on thermal comfort. We measured 10-Hz turbulence data at the Daechung and partitioned the wind vector into two directions (i.e. backyard to Daechung and front yard to Daechung). Interestingly, the wind from the cool backyard flowing through the Daechung was of less frequency and shorter duration but had higher velocity compared to wind from the opposite direction, which can provide thermal comfort to the dwellers. We suggest that the wind characteristics were determined by various aspects of the house's design, such as its location and the degree of enclosure in front and backyards. The results show that traditional Korean house made use of a natural ventilation system during the summer. The principles of this system could be helpful in constructing environmentally friendly and sustainable residences.

An Analysis of Korean House Prices Movements with Asset Pricing Models

An Analysis of Korean House Prices Movements with Asset Pricing Models

Houses for an Information Society by Interpretation of Traditional Korean Houses

An information-intensive society should be supported not only by the development of computer hard/software, but also by the entire social structure, including practical living conditions such housing structures. Therefore, it is inevitable that housing styles should change in relation to new demands in the living and working environment that result from the development of an information-intensive society. The alternatives suggested by this study refer to traditional Korean houses as a means of setting some physical distances between the workplace and living area in the same unit building; differences in the level between 'home space' and 'office space', differences in materials used (wood, concrete, etc.,), and in particular, the method of access whereby dwellers should go out and come in to enter the 'office space', are all explored. We have also referred to the unique Korean custom of removing our shoes to enter another space. Furthermore, the concept of containing a social space in the living space of a traditional Korean house was reinterpreted to suggest that the traditional Korean house is a prototype that is suits the living and working needs of our information-intensive society. In this view, 3 types of houses are presented: the flat type, the tower type and the skip floor type. These houses have two independent entrances for the home space and the work space thereby providing a separate, efficient place to work from home.

가축질병 세균 및 항생제 내성 세균에 대한 버섯 균사체 배양 추출물의 항균 활성

구름버섯(Coriolus versicolor), 상황버섯(Phellinus linteus) 노루궁뎅이버섯(Hericium erinaceus)의 균사체 배양액의 ethyl acetate 추출물이 돼지와 가금류의 설사 유발 세균류인 E. coli K88, E. coli K99, E. coli 987P와 Salmonella typhimurium 14058 균주에 대하여 항균활성을 보였으며, 특히 구름버섯 추출물은 가장 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 한편, kanamycin과 ampicillin에 대해 내성을 보이는 Staphylococus aureus CARM3230과 E. coli CARM1381 균주에 대해서도 세 가지 버섯 배양 추출물 모두 항균활성을 보였으며, 특히, 구름버섯 추출물은 가장 높은 항균 활성을 보였다. 이는, 이들 버섯 균사체 배양 추출물이 기존 항생제 대체용으로 가축 사료에 첨가제로 사용될 수 있다는 가능성을 보였다. 또한 이들 버섯류로부터 항생제 내성균을 억제할 수 있는 신규 항균성 물질의 탐색을 위한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The ethyl acetate extracts from the liquid cultures of Coriolus versicolor, Phellinus linteus, and Hericium erinaceus showed significant antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli K88, E. coli K99, E. coli 987P, and Salmonella typhimurium 14058 causing bacterial diarrhea in Korean house pigs and chicken. Of these extracts, Coriolus versicolor extract showed the highest antibacterial activity. In addition, these extracts also showed significant growth inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus CARM3230 and E. coli CARM1381 which are known as kanamycin and ampicillin-resistant strains. These results showed that the mushroom extracts could be developed as a livestock feed additives that can replace commercial antibiotics, and also could be good resources for the development of a new antibacterial agent.

Steinernema carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) as a biological control agent against the fungus Gnat Bradysia agrestis (Diptera: Sciaridae) in propagation houses

A recently introduced fungus gnat, Bradysia agrestis, has caused serious problems in Korean propagation houses where vegetable seedlings are produced for transplant into the fields. Although chemical insecticides are available against this pest, alternate control measures are needed. A Korean isolate of the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain, was tested against this insect in the laboratory and propagation house. In the laboratory, S. carpocapsae affected oviposition, with the untreated females laying an average of 121±25 eggs, whereas the treated females averaged 7±2 eggs. The infectivity of S. carpocapsae to the fungus gnat was affected by the developmental stage and temperature, with highest mortality observed with the third and fourth instars and pupal stage. Nematode mortality in the second instar fungus gnat ranged between 23 and 35%, but showed no significant differences among the temperatures tested. The egg and first instar were not infected by the nematode. In nematode dispersal studies, adult female fungus gnats alone dispersed S. carpocapsae from the nematode-treated area to the control area at a higher rate than male and female gnats or male gnats alone. In the propagation house experiments with watermelon seedlings, no significant difference was observed in fungus gnat larval reduction at S. carpocapsae concentrations of 5, 10, or 20 infective juveniles (IJs)/g of soil at 7, 14, and 21 days after treatment. In comparison with the control, the S. carpocapsae treatments significantly reduced B. agrestis larval numbers. When the watermelon seed was treated with S. carpocapsae at sowing, the larval density of B. agrestis was significantly reduced, that is, the number of B. agrestis larvae ranged from four to eight and from five to eight in the nematode-treated plots compared with 26 and 30 in the control plots on the 17th and 34th day post-treatment, respectively. In the chemical insecticide treatments, diflubenzuron and chlorpyrifos were significantly more effective than S. carpocapsae and diazinon in reducing larval populations of the fungus gnat. Our data show that, although some of the chemical insecticides were more effective than S. carpocapsae Pocheon strain, the nematode was still an effective tool for management of the fungus gnat larvae and in protecting seedlings from damage in propagation houses.

Comparison of CO2 Fixation in Wood Used for Residence HOuses in Japan and Korea

In this study, we have estimated the amount of carbon (C) fixation in wooden materials used for residence house units in Japan and Korea. This type of C fixation might be helpful to prevent the global wamting. In year 2000, the arnount of C fixation in the wooden materials was approximately 7.30/0 (150million C ton) of total forest C accumulation in Japan, whereas in Korea, it was 2.00/0 (4.3million C ton) of the total forest C accumulation. The reason is that structural types of the house units on wood utilization in Japan and Korea are clearly different. Japanese have used 900/0 of wooden materials for their residence houses but Korean house units have built mostly using non-wooden materials such as concrete, bricks, and stones. It has resulted that the number of total houses in Japan is 5 times higher than that in Korea, whereas the arnount of C fixed by the wood materials in Japanese house units is 35 times higher than in Korean's. Therefore, to improve C fixation, it might be necessary to increase wooden residence houses and use of the wooden interior or exterior materials in the residence houses, especially in Korea.

Carbon Monoxide Pollution in Korea: Public Health Implications

Until recent years, carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning dur ing the winter months was one of the most serious public health problems in Korea. Its prevalence is still among the highest in the world, mainly due to the unique heat ing and cooking system with anthracite coal briquettes used in most Korean houses. Prevention-oriented ap proaches have mostly failed to find effective solutions, since there are so many contributing factors and it is not always easy to relate their various contributions to CO poisoning. In this paper, the environmental significance of CO pollution in Korea and its public health implica tions have been reviewed, with particular emphasis on important findings from both epidemiological and air monitoring studies. The mortality resulting from CO poi soning has gradually decreased over recent years, owing to a government initiative to substitute dirty fuels with cleaner ones. In Korea, air quality standards are all based on ambient CO levels measured at fixed sites in a city. However, personal or domestic activities, such as cook ing with gas or charcoal stoves, and commuting or work ing with motor vehicles, might be far more important determinants of CO exposure than ambient CO levels measured at outdoor sites. Thus, the national policy of protecting public health by controlling outdoor levels at a few fixed sites appears to be of questionable effective ness and has a limited ability to estimate actual expo sures.

Wooden Floor Rooms and Raised Floor Construction in Korean Houses

Wooden Floor Rooms and Raised Floor Construction in Korean Houses

朝鮮の「すまい」に於ける内部性をめぐっての場所論的考察

A Korean house consists of the puok (earthen-floored room), maru (wooden-floored room) and ondorpang (heated room). In this essay I discuss the internal nature of a Korean dwelleing by focusing on the ondor pang, particularly anpang, which can be regarded as the center of Korean daily life. Anpang occupied the innermost space in a Korean dwelling. It establishes a clear contrast with maru both in its physical expression and in the type of house gods enshrined. The hierarchical order of space within an anpang is determined by the oven, as it is articulated into are (upper seat) and wi (lower seat) based on the distance from the oven. Many rituals are conducted with the oven as the focal point. Closely linked with fire, these rituals function to purify the dwelling, to effectuate its internal order and to revive the communal unity of the people, especially family members, associated with that particular dwelling. The building of an oven materializes a "purified internal space" but this internal order is constantly threatened by external factors. In ancient time Korean people believed that illness is caused by the food carried into a house from outside or by "moving earth" during construction and that the god of the oven (jowang) inflicts punishment upon them for committing such undesirable acts. An oven, through its connection with the stability of the earth, realizes the protective and internal nature of a Korean dwelling. However, in. order to build an oven one must commit the act of "moving earth" thereby disturbing the immobility of the earth. The protection and internal order brought about by the oven, therefore, is fundamentally endangered by the negative force required during the process of its very creation. An oven in a Korean dwelling directly affects the physical well-being of people living there as its existence is crucial to the internal order of a dwelling. Furthermore its significance extends to the opening of the world cosmic order. Thus the internal nature of a Korean dwelling discussed here is not relative to the external world but exists as an absolute principle in itself.

Spatial Composition of Land Readjustment Area in Seoul and Future Consideration

This article is spatial analysis of Land Readjustment areas which are characterized in three periods in Seoul, and to understand the problems in each periods. Through this study, it was found that (1) although development projects at pre-war were executed based on Japanese planning concept, traditional space consisted of Hanok (Korean House) was resulted due to appropriate block division; (2) with the rapid population increase the areas developed in ‘60s’ became poor in public facilities and became inappropriate to Housing for larger block division.

On the House Type in the Central Part of the Charyeong Range, Korea

Korean houses haven been classified, based on the regional styles of floorplan, into several types, such as the Northeastern type, Northwestern type, Central type, Southern type and Quelpart Island type, The Central type is prominent in the central part of Korean Peninsula including both Seoul and Gyeong-gi Province as its center and the Southern type spreads over the southern part, on the features and distribution of which nearly all studies have agreed. They have made clear that these two types have some common features such as a single-row-room plan with “daecheong” (a hall-like space with a board floor) in the center of the house. But they also indicate that the Central type has basically an L-shaped plan, while the Southern type has an I-shaped plan shunning a bended ridge, and that the open structure such as veranda, windows and doors are more frequently found in the latter. The distribution boundary between these two types has been regarded as running along the Charyeong Range (a range diverging from the Taebaek Range, the backbone of the Korean Peninsula, at the Mt. Odae, and running southwestward).The author did the field work in the central of the Charyeong Range, the border between Gyeong-gi Province and North Chung-cheong Province, and tried to clarify the features and distribution of the house types seen in this region, and also tried to find out if there is any relation between the house type and some other cultural factors, such as the terminology and the use of a room.In this paper, several findings observed during the course of this study are presented : 1. The so-called “Central type” houses are distributed everywhere in Seoul-Gyeong-gi Province area, and in some parts in the southern region of the Charyeong Range. However, in the piedmont of the southern edge of Gyeong-gi Province (northern piedmont of the Charyeong Range ; Yicheong and Yeoju counties), they begin to decrease in number, and in place of them, the I-shaped single-row-room type without “daecheong” becomes far more prominent. This type is fairly universally seen in all parts of the Korean Peninsula except Seoul-Gyeong-gi area and the northeastern mountainous part.I-shaped houses with “daecheong” are found, though not in so large a number, in North Chung-cheong Province, but it is in the region near the Sobaek Range (one of the branches of the Taebaek Range locating to the south of the Charyeong Range) that the typical Southern type becomes dominant.In brief, there is not a sudden and complete change of the type from the Central to the Southern one and their co-existence is not noticeable and, between these two types, there seems to be a third type which is an I-shaped house without “daecheong” and may be called a “General type”.2. In Jeon-ra Province, it seems to be believed that a house with a bended roof ridge (L or U-shaped house) brings bad luck, but in the Central region, people seem to have preference for L or U-shaped house, and particularly in Seoul and its suburbs, it is popular to build L or U-shaped houses so as to enclose the courtyard. However, this style can be thought of as influenced by the urban culture. In the villages in Charyeong Range region, even L-shaped houses do not show the above-mentioned enclosing arrangement.3. There are tow common names for a housewife's room in Korea ; one is “anbang” which means “inner room”, and the other is “Keunbang” meaning “big room”. These names do not necessarily reflect the actual position or size of the room, but there seems to be a regional differentiation in their use.