Korean People Research Articles

Comparison of anticholinergic burden with chronic polypharmacy on functional decline and mortality in Korean older people: a retrospective nationwide cohort study.

We aimed to evaluate the association of anticholinergic burden and chronic polypharmacy with the incidence of functional decline and all-cause mortality, and to determine the difference between anticholinergic burden and chronic polypharmacy among Korean older people. This nationwide cohort study included 42,132 older people aged ≥ 65 years who underwent Korean National Health Insurance Service health examinations from 2007 to 2008. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for abnormal Timed Up and Go (TUG) test results were assessed using multivariate logistic regression analyses. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for all-cause mortality until the end of 2015 were estimated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Of the participants, 37.19% had abnormal TUG test results, and 7.66% of those died during the 5.7-year mean follow-up. The abnormal TUG test results OR increased by 27% among individuals with Korean Anticholinergic Burden Scale (KABS) scores ≥ 3 (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.02-1.58) compared to those with KABS scores of 0. The HRs for all-cause mortality increased for individuals with higher KABS scores (P for trend < 0.001) or chronic polypharmacy (P for trend < 0.001) compared to those for individuals without these conditions. The combination of a higher KABS or chronic polypharmacy and abnormal TUG test results increased the risk of all-cause mortality (All P for trend < 0.001). Anticholinergic drug burden shows a better association with functional decline than chronic polypharmacy, and the use of medications and functional decline may be important risk factors for all-cause mortality among older people.

A Study on the Traditional Culture of the Korean Ethnic Group in Yanji, China

A Study on the Traditional Culture of the Korean Ethnic Group in Yanji, China

Social Status Differences, Social Class Stereotypes, and Cross-Cultural Communication in the Korean Drama ‘Little Women’

Little Women tells the story of three poor sisters who are involved in a case related to the richest family in South Korea. This article aims to reveal the social class stereotypes contained in the little women series, the factors that influence social class inequality, and also the solutions to these problems. The subjects studied were the three main siblings in the series, namely Oh In Joo, Oh In Kyung, and Oh in Hye. The research method is descriptive qualitative using Hofstede's cultural theory analysis. The analysis is carried out through five dimensions of culture according to Hofstede, namely Power Distance Index, Uncertainly Avoidance Index, Individualism VS Collectivism, Masculinity VS Feminity, and Long-term Orientation VS Short-term Orientation implied in the scenes and dialogues of the Little Women series. The results of the study found 5 social controls from differences in social status, social class stereotypes, and cross-cultural communication. The first is the discriminatory treatment and educational background of the rich and the poor. Then, the power of the upper/higher social class controls everything. The third is the difference between rich and poor families. Fourth, social inequality between the rich and the poor. Finally, the culture of Korean people who want to look luxurious and classy. Overall, it can be seen how the areas of life of the lower social class are under the control or power of the high social class.

СТРАТЕГИИ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ: ЖИЗНЕННЫЕ ИСТОРИИ ТРЕТЬЕГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ КОРЕЙЦЕВ КАЗАХСТАНА

In Kazakhstan, the local ethnic Korean population is identified as an ethnic group that assimilates well within the country. Considering this, the authors of this article posit the following questions: What adaptation strategies and life values do the third generation of ethnic Koreans adhere to? What adaptive behaviors may be anticipated from the Korean ethnic group in the future? This paper analyses major integration trends of the third generation of Korean diaspora in Kazakhstan. Three strategies for adaptation (integration) are proposed in the context of post-Soviet independent Kazakhstan: education and professionalism; ethnic leadership; and transnational ties with South Korea. The authors test and analyze hypotheses regarding the influence of role models on the integration process into Kazakhstani society. This is achieved through content analysis of materials derived from journalistic articles alongside interviews with third and fourth generation ethnic Koreans. Analysis is conducted on materials gathered from the urban population of Koreans in Kazakhstan. The concept of the “ethnic enclave” was corroborated by the evidence of ethnic population concentration with high social and economic activity outside of geographically delineated borders. The concept of strong upward assimilation was supported by the life histories of third and fourth generation of ethnic Koreans in Kazakhstan. Overall, this article contributes significantly to the academic understanding of ethnic adaptation, integration, and assimilation in the context of post-Soviet Kazakhstan and the broader migration process.

Resettlement of Ethnic Koreans in South Korea: A Comprehensive Review.

In this article, authors delve into the historical journey of ethnic Koreans relocating to South Korea from CIS countries, where they are commonly referred to as «koryoin» or «koryo-saram». The study conducted by the authors meticulously analyzes the migration patterns of Korean repatriates, identifying key stages and motivations for returning to their ancestral homeland. Furthermore, the research sheds light on the legislative frameworks and policy changes implemented by the South Korean government to facilitate the smooth integration of repatriates. By examining the evolution of these laws and initiatives, we gain insight into the structured mechanisms developed over years of experience to support this migration flow. One crucial aspect explored in this study is the challenge of integrating ethnic Koreans into the host society, which manifests at various levels influenced by subjective perspectives. The article highlights the obstacles they encounter in their new environment. Notably, repatriates have formed close-knit networks to navigate these challenges, albeit posing potential disruptions to societal stability and security in South Korea. Consequently, the imperative of addressing the integration of «koryo saram» and other ethnic Koreans into the broader society emerges as a pressing concern for South Korea. By fostering a deeper understanding of these integration dynamics and advocating for inclusive practices, South Korea can strive towards a more cohesive and harmonious multicultural landscape.

Healthcare Utilization and Supportive Care Timing in South Korean People Living With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Single-Center Retrospective Study.

Despite the growing demands and challenges faced by patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in accessing healthcare services, our understanding of this access remains poor. This study aimed to investigate the healthcare utilization patterns and timing of nutritional and respiration support in patients with ALS in South Korea. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients diagnosed with ALS at a single tertiary hospital between 2016 and 2019 and followed up for 2 years. We evaluated patient characteristics, healthcare utilization (hospital admissions, outpatient visits, and emergency department [ED] visits), and the timing of nutritional and respiration support (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation [NIPPV], tracheostomy, gastrostomy, and nasogastric tube) at 6-month intervals from the first outpatient visit. Among the 143 included patients, 73.4% were admitted at least once, 18.9% experienced unplanned admissions, and 30.1% visited the ED at least once during the study period. The most-common reason for ED visits was neurological symptoms during the first 6 months (59.1%), followed by respiratory symptoms. One fifth of patients who visited the ED underwent tracheostomy (20.9%) or NIPPV (20.9%). Two years after the first visit, 32.2% used a ventilator, and 13.3%, 26.6%, and 6.3% had undergone tracheostomy, gastrostomy, and nasogastric tube insertion, respectively. During the 2 years following their first outpatient visit, 20% of patients with ALS experienced unplanned admissions and 30% visited the ED. An active and prompt supportive-care program should be implemented to ensure timely functional support in order to reduce these risks of unplanned admissions.

Cunnilingus in North Korea and other Sensations of Non-Nationalism

ABSTRACT: Cunnilingus in North Korea is a fictional, early 2000s, text-based Flash animation piece by Young-Hae Chang Heavy Industries in which the North Korean leader Kim Jong-il delivers a speech to the South Korean people reprimanding them for their prudishness, a supposed product of capitalism, and encouraging all Koreans to adopt the North’s policy of constant nationwide cunnilingus, which is a communistic elixir that makes for harmonious, triumphant societies. By situating this piece within scholarship on contemporary U.S. imperialism and the neoliberalization of South Korea, this article argues that Cunnilingus in North Korea deploys estrangements and reversals in order to enliven and decompose the postcolonial common sense in which North/South Korean nationalisms self-organize along the oppositionality of their respective political economies. Further, I show how the piece hails erotics—theorized as a poetic practice and sense of world—as vital to digital aesthetic forms that agitate against logics of contemporary imperialism.

The association between symptoms of developmental coordination disorder and neuropsychological characteristics in children with and without ADHD.

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occurs with developmental coordination disorder (DCD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between DCD symptoms and neuropsychological characteristics in children with and without ADHD. We recruited 298 children aged 5-12 years. Motor performance was assessed using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ), while ADHD symptoms were assessed using the ADHD Rating Scale (ARS) and the Advanced Test of Attention (ATA). Cognitive characteristics were measured using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale, and behavioral characteristics were assessed using the Korean Personality Rating Scale for Children. The children had a mean age of 7.6 ± 1.7 years, with 214 (71.8%) being boys. Among children diagnosed with ADHD (n = 176), 39.2% exceeded the DCDQ cutoff score, compared to 4.1% in the neurotypical group (n = 122). In the correlation analysis, the DCDQ total score was significantly correlated with ARS, omission and commission errors in visual and auditory ATA, and full-scale intellectual quotient. In addition, symptoms of depression, social dysfunction, and psychosis were correlated with the DCDQ total score. In the between-group analysis, children with both ADHD and DCD exhibited more omission errors on the auditory ATA and behavioral problems related to depression, social dysfunction, and psychosis compared to children with ADHD only. Our study indicates that children with ADHD exhibit more difficulties in motor performance. Children with both ADHD and DCD may present with a greater burden of psychiatric conditions than children with ADHD only, suggesting the need for careful monitoring in clinical practice.

역사 교과서와 교육과정의 마한사 서술 분석

The history of Mahan is historically important in relation to the identity of today's Republic of Korea and the Korean people. Nevertheless, the lack of relevant materials and the resulting indifference are treated lightly in textbooks. Textbooks dealing with Mahan alone do not exist, but are described as part of Samhan. The first Korean history textbook published immediately after independence devoted a significant portion to history of Mahan. During the 3rd Curriculum period, the amount of description of the history of Mahan increased significantly. However. Most of the content was copied directly from the Sanguozhi dongyizhuan. In addition, as the introduction of related archaeological materials was reduced, both the quantity and quality of the content deteriorated.&#x0D; In order to normalize the description of the history of Mahan in history textbooks in the future, it is necessary to properly recognize the problems and their causes and correct them. In particular, the status and existence of Mahan as a regional history should actively reflect recent research results and be written in content that everyone can accept.

식민지 관료 시노다 지사쿠(篠田治策)의 평남·평양 인식과 도정(道政) 입안(1910~1923)

This article focuses on Shinoda Jisaku(篠田治策, 1872-1946)'s 13 years of service in South Pyongan Province to examine the place of the localities of the province and Pyongyang city in the history of colonial policy before and after the March 1st Movement of 1919. First, by viewing Manchuria and Russian Far East as buffer zones and the 39th parallel (Pyongyang-Wonsan line) as a potential buffer zone we identified a narrative casting of Pyongyang's local history that linked the Korean people's consciousness of recovering their northern territories with Japanese theories of continental aggression. Second, it is shown that Shinoda was the only person to be “promoted” from his longtime post in the provincial governor's reshuffle immediately after the March 1st Movement, and that he was appointed in the course of dealing with the local Korean national liberation movements linked with those of Manchuria and Russian Far East. Third, as the governor he proposed policies such as expanding elementary education for Koreans, overhauling rural terminal organizations, and encouraging “state-owned” company-led development which includes vague inducements for Koreans in Pyongyang. Shinoda would spend the rest of his career on the other side of the cultural frontier from colonial Korean nationalism. However, the argument of Korean-led local development and autonomy remained and gradually gained strength in Pyongyang.

한의약계의 3·1운동 참여와 의의

In March 1919, the March 1st Movement began in about 10 cities across the country, including Seoul, Pyongyang, and Wonsan. At least 1 million Korean people participated. Oriental medicine doctors and pharmacists were no exception. By December, among those who had been arrested for the independence movement and whose indictments were confirmed, 81 were ‘doctors and medical students’ and 73 were medicine dealers. Of the 50 people who could be identified, 43 were brought to trial. In the case of oriental medicine doctors and pharmacists, it can be seen that the older generation was active in the independence movement. As key figures in the region, they were in a position to lead the local people, and with their ample economic power, they were able to support the expenses necessary for the independence movement. Oriental medicine doctors and pharmacists were mainly active in the early days of the independence movement. If these activities are categorized, the majority are leading and participating. They actively participated in the independence movement while doing funder, liaisons, and shelter providers. If the oriental medicine doctor or pharmacist held a position of district mayor, or was a religious executive, his or her influence was even greater. This is because oriental medicine doctors and pharmacists who have wide personal network would have had an advantage in encouraging the participation of other local influential figures and local residents in the independence movement.

『조선왕조실록』에 나타난 ‘백정(白丁)’

Before the start of the Joseon Dynasty, nomads from various ethnicities entered the Korean Peninsula from the north. In the early Joseon Dynasty, the scattered inhabitants in the country, who were either the northern nomads or their descendants, began to be called Baekjeong. During the Joseon Dynasty, Baekjeong were primarily engaged in animal slaughter, leather manufacturing, crafting daily necessities from willow trees, and traveling to different villages to provide entertainment. To facilitate the integration of the Baekjeong with the natives, officials of the early Joseon Dynasty implemented several civilization policies, including allocating land for farming, registering them in the family register to encourage settlement, etc. Despite these efforts, Baekjeong were originally commoners but faced discrimination due to their status as outsiders in the early Joseon Dynasty, as they could not easily abandon their nomadic lifestyle. However, following the Imjinwaeran and the Byeongjahoran, the term Baekjeong underwent a change in meaning, evolving into a discriminatory label for individuals who no longer belonged to nomadic descent, but only worked in menial occupations such as slaughter and organic manufacturing, in a situation where they were completely assimilated with the native population. Baekjeong had the identity of northern nomads in the early Joseon Dynasty, but they played a significant role in shaping present-day Korean people through their assimilation with the native inhabitants of the Korean Peninsula.

인물지를 통해 본 19세기 지식인의 사유방식

This paper offers an analysis of people recorded in Jinbeolhuigosokpyeon with statistical methods. The book has 1,026 people recorded in it. Judging from the percentage of people allocated to each catalog, the author showed the highest interest in people versed in poetry, calligraphy &amp; paintings and Samgyoguryu. The author was also interested in eccentric, remarkable, and unusual people with special talent. A majority of the people recorded in the book lived in the 16th or 17th century with only six active in the 19th century. There was considerable information about people in addition to many books of people that he could consult in the second half of Joseon, but only a few people attracted his attention. In the book, 614 men had their social classes confirmed. Of them, 453(73.8%), 108(17.6%), and 53(8.6%) were from the Yangban, Jungin, and Sangcheon class, respectively. The book recorded people in the Yangban class 4.2 and 8.5 times more than people in the Jungin and Sangcheon class, respectively. Women appeared across diverse catalogs in the book. Some of them were recorded in the book for their talent in feng shui, singing, and the ability to predict a future, but most of them faithfully practiced the virtues of Confucian society including loyalty, faithfulness, chastity, fidelity, and filial piety. Many previous papers that analyzed books of people reported that the intellectuals of the times acknowledged various types of workers and changed their perceptions of chastity that forced unconditional sacrifices on women. It was also pointed out that they were different from their predecessors in that they recognized the occupational ethics and artistic values of Wihang people, but there is a need to examine if these ways of thinking shared by the intellectuals were not found in the intellectuals before 19th century. The remarkable people from the Jungin and Sangcheon class in Jinbeolhuigosokpyeon also appear in books written by intellectuals before the 19th century. It is because remarkable people naturally attract attention regardless of period and social class. This culture of records was not exclusive to the intellectuals of the 19th century. It has a strong aspect derived from the long-enduring tradition, and it is difficult to say that it was a new change. The dynamics of the 19th-century society is acknowledged, but it does not prove the modernity of the century immediately. When one tries to examine the modernity of the Korean people while being buried in the definitions of modernity sorted out based on Western society, it may rather pose an obstacle to the reconstruction of the 19th-century Korean society experienced by the ancestors.

The Evolution of Dialect Consciousness among the South Korean since 2005 : Based on “The survey of Korean people’s Linguistic consciousness”

The Evolution of Dialect Consciousness among the South Korean since 2005 : Based on “The survey of Korean people’s Linguistic consciousness”

They are our daughters; Agatha, Jiah Anna, Rosa, Sohwa Therese and our son Kunjoo DaegonAndrea. They are very good at their behaviors (務玆稼穡)! (Tcheonzamun 641st-656th)

French Missionary Dallet (1874) wrote in his book that ‘The thousand character essay’ was utilized as text for instructing Chinese children for Chinese characters. This education was carried out from the ancient China (Dallet, 1874). The thousand character essay is called as ‘Tcheonzamun’ in Korea. Korean people firmly believed that Tcheonzamun was created by Chinese people (Han, 1583). But several researchers studied that Tcheonzamun poem was well interpreted through Korean grammar (Park et al., 2021a). These researchers found that Tcheonzamun poem was well translated through Korean pronunciation of Chinese characters (Park et al., 2021b). This is the work of translation of Tcheonzamun poem. Several researchers suggested that a Tcheonzamun poem is consisted of 16 Chinese characters in Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021a; Park et al., 2021b). There are two methods for the translation. The first one is through the meaning of Chinese characters in Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021a). The second method is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese character in Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021b). In this study, the translation was done through the meaning of Chinese character in Tcheonzamun. And the pronunciation of Chinese character in this study is taken from the somewhat old textbook of Tcheonzamun (Han, 1583). This study is for the translation of Tcheonzamun poem. This translation is carried out through the meaning of Chinese character in Tcheonzamun. And the range of this study is (Tcheonzamun 641st-656th). The title of this study is ‘They are our daughters; Jieun Agatha, Jiah Anna, Rosa, Sohwa Therese and our son Kunjoo DaegonAndrea. They are very good at their behaviors (務玆稼穡)! (Tcheonzamun 641st-656th)’. The theme of this Tcheonzamun poem is as follows. 649-652 治(Ti) 本(Bon) 於(Eo) 農(Long). This third line shows the secret of the life (治本於農), the hope for our life! And her husband says to his wife as follows. My dear wife! I will speak loudly this joyfulness! I will say to everybody again and again! Yes, this is our great pleasure (治本於農)!.

Our Mother Bohwa Maria! Hyeonhi and Augustin, We Love you so much! (Tcheonzamun 849th-864th)

French Missionary Dallet (1874) gave the sincere explanation of ‘The thousand character essay’ to the Western World. The thousand character essay is called as Tcheonzamun (千字文) in Korea (Han, 1583). It is consisted of one thousand Chinese characters. It is generally considered that Tcheonzamun is the collection of story about a lot of Chinese heroes. But several researchers (Park et al., 2021a) began to consider that it is not true. It is the work of Korean language-speaking people (Park et al., 2021 b). Furthermore, Tcheonzamun book is not the story of heroes, it is but the work on the love between the husband and the wife (Kim, 2023). Sometimes, the story of love is interesting in Tcheonzamun. But many times, the sorrows of the wife are often shown (Park et al., 2021 b; Kim, 2023). Anyway, this time, the translation of a Tcheonzamun poem will be carried out. There are two methods for the translation. The first method is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021 b). The second one is through the meaning of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021 a). The theme of this research is as follows. 861-864 悅(Yeol) 豫(Ye) 且(Tcha) 康(Kang). My husband! It is the love (悅) without the stopping (且) in the communication (豫) among our friend and our whole family (康). Our mother Bohwa Maria lives. I (Augustin) and Hyeonhi say to her silently in our mind as follows. “Even though there is some difficulty for understanding each other among you and us, our mother Bohwa Maria, we love you sincerely!” Our mother Bohwa Maria! Hyeonhi and Augustin, we love you so much!.

The Temperature of our home must be high! (Tcheonzamun 801st-816th)

French Missionary Dallet (1874) described that ‘the thousand character essay’ was utilized as a textbook for the children in ancient China. It was for the education of Chinese character for the Chinese people as well as for the Korean people (Han, 1583). ‘The thousand character essay’ is called in Korea as ‘Tcheonzamun (千字文)’ (Han, 1583). There are two methods for Tcheonzamun translation. The first one is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese character (Park et al., 2021 b; Kim, 2023). And the second one is through the meaning of Chinese character on Tcheonzamun (Park et al., 2021 a). There is an additional method. It is the method for deleting the same or the similar part of Chinese character on the same line (Kim 2023). The range of this work is (Tcheonzamun 801st-816th). In the present work, the pronunciation and the shape of the Chinese character on Tcheonzamun come from somewhat old Tcheonzamun book (Han, 1583). This is the work of translation of Tcheonzamun poem (Tcheonzamun 801st-816th). The title of this work is ‘The temperature of our home must be high! (Tcheonzamun 801st-816th)’. The theme of this research is as follows. 809-812 飽(Po) 飫(Eo) 烹(Paeng) 宰(Zae). 809-812 飽(Po)-食=包 飫(Eo)-食-丨-乂=二 烹(Paeng)-亠-二-丨丨-丁=灬 宰(Zae)-亠- 八-二-丨=宀. Here, 乂 and 丁 are similar in their shape. (丨丨) and 八 are similar each other. My husband! Do you want two (二) of us, you and your wife (me), being together (包) and loving each other? My husband! In order for us to be so, the temperature of our home (宀) must be high (灬)! Thank you very much, our Lord Jesus! We had better make warm the environment of our home! 813-816 飢(Keui) 厭(Yeom) 糟(Zo) 糠(Kang). 가요! 죽어! Ka-yo! Zug-eo! My loving husband! Flee (Ka-yo!) from my brothers and my sisters, or you will be killed (Zug-eo!) by them!.

Factors associated with self-rated poor oral health and chewing discomfort of Korean elderly

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with self-rated poor oral health and chewing discomfort among Korean elderly people in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES).Materials and Methods: Data from the 7th(2016-2018) KNHANES were downloaded from the KNHANES website.Participants were older adults aged 70 years who responded to a questionnaire about their self-rated oral health or chewing discomfort. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed by dividing demographic and oral health factors into three models, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were presented.Results: For self-rated poor oral health, up to 1.59 times increase in caries in permanent teeth and up to 1.84 times increase in severe periodontitis, and up to 2.41 times increase in negative perceptions for those with 20 or more natural teeth compared to those without. In terms of chewing discomfort, depending on the model, those with a middle school diploma or less had up to 2.05 times more discomfort than those with a college degree or higher. Having severe periodontitis was associated with up to 1.68 times more discomfort, and having fewer than 20 natural teeth was associated with up to 2.46 times more discomfort.Conclusion: Some demographic factors and a number of oral health factors were found to be associated with self-rated poor oral health and chewing discomfort in older adults. Further in-depth analyses that reflect additional factors that were not included in the study are necessary.

Social Integration Challenges Faced by Dual Migration Groups: Case Study of Russian Koreans

Russian Korean immigrants within the United States consist of ethnically Korean people who have lived in Russia or the Soviet Union before immigrating to the United States. Most Russian Koreans came to the United States in search of better economic, health, or social opportunities. Many of them only speak Russian and have a predominantly Russian culture and upbringing despite their Korean ancestry. Because of this variation in ethnicity and culture, it can be very difficult for Russian Koreans to assimilate and find comfort within the United States. In order to determine what Russian Koreans specifically struggle with, a survey was sent out to 21 participants with a variety of questions about their general background as well as their current mental and physical struggles. It was found that because of specific differences in culture and ethnicity, the majority of Russian Koreans reported that they struggled with a sense of belonging and personal identity, on top of typical immigration adversities such as the language barrier, economic struggles, and lack of information. In fact, 42.9% of the participants felt that Russian Koreans face struggles that are unique to other types of immigration due to how specific their ethnic and cultural mix is after dually migrating. The majority of participants felt that it was difficult to connect with those who were not Russian Koreans similar to themselves, making it difficult for the already limited population to find connections.

구술 증언에 재현된 대전 ‘골령골’과 한국전쟁 지도의 필요성

This study attempts to examine the reality of the Korean War Appearing in the Daejeon region based on the oral experiences of the generation that experienced the Korean War. In particular, by paying attention to 'Golryeonggol-valley' in the Daejeon region, through the meaning and imaginative geographies contained in a specific place that is narrated and reproduced through memory, this study explores the necessity and possibilities of Korean War topographic maps.&#x0D; Common elements of war experience stories that appear in oral narratives are as follows: 1) While you were studying, eating, or working at school, you suddenly heard that there was a war and that you had to evacuate, and you had to evacuate. 2) The North Korean People's Army that came first was not bad, and actually did well for the civilians. 3) Later, the North Korean People's Army ordered people to cook in private homes and plundered all household items and food, including all kinds of food and livestock. 4) That the North Korean People's Army brutally massacred soldiers' families, police families, village heads, district heads, etc. 5) Like farmhand laborers, people who suffered sadness in the neighborhood, walked around wearing red armbands, tyrannized the people in the neighborhood by telling them who in the neighborhood were family members of soldiers or police officers, or who served as village heads or district heads. 6) In Daejeon, they heard that the military and police killed many civilians. In particular, the well massacre of Daejeon Prison and the civilian massacre of Golryeonggol-valley (Sannae) related to the Bodo League are mentioned most heavily.&#x0D; The Korean War is not the same in all regions. Not describing the war situation uniformly can be said to be an effective approach in that it does not 'only' attribute the war to a single event. That is the reason the works of 'recording' the stories of people who directly experienced the Korean War through oral records, and reproducing and talking about the 'truth' of it through literary imagination are more necessary.