Korean Division Research Articles

윤석열 정부 통일교육지침 ‘2023 통일교육 기본방향’ 의 분석과 대안 탐색

This study analyzes the ‘2023 Basic Direction of Unification Education’, the unification education guidelines of the Yoon Seok-yeol government, and explores alternatives. First, we analyzed the problems by dividing the ‘2023 Basic Direction of Unification Education’ into 1. definition and goals of unification education, 2. key directions of unification education, and 3. contents of unification education. Next, alternatives to overcome each problem are proposed. As a result of the study, a change in the definition of unification education is suggested, starting from recognizing the harmful effects of division in daily life to education that fosters the will and ability for peaceful unification. It is suggested as the goals of unification education, the revision from belief in liberal democracy into discussion of desirable democracy in a unified Korea, open nationalism orientation, expansion to human security as well as military security, and revision to understanding North Korea through synthesis of intrinsic and extrinsic approaches. It is also suggested that the main direction and contents of unification education are reconstructed from the perspectives of understanding the unification issues, understanding the history of Korean division, understanding North Korea, and the future vision of a unified Korea.

Perpetual ontological crisis: national division, enduring anxieties and South Korea’s discursive relationship with Japan

The broad agenda of ontological security scholarship in International Relations is to examine states’ (in)security of Self-identity and the implications for their international conduct. While ontological security may be an illusory goal, states vary in their levels of ontological insecurity, with more extreme levels producing acute defence mechanisms. Such ontological crises are therefore an important area of focus gaining increasing attention. Thus far, however, they have generally been conceptualised as ‘critical situations’: unpredictable, transient and practically resolvable ruptures of routinised practices. I argue that such a conceptualisation neglects the possibility of a more fundamental, long-term crisis of Self-identity, which I term perpetual ontological crisis. Such crises stem from inherent contradictions within dominant constructions of identity that may have always existed – rather than exogenous shocks to a hitherto secure Self – and are therefore irresolvable within the bounds of those constructions. I develop the example of nation/state incongruence: when a state’s territorial boundaries do not accord with the national spatial imaginary dominant in that state, resulting in an inherent and enduring contradiction. I then illustrate these contentions with a case study of South Korea, whose borders have never matched the imagined spatial bounds of the Korean nation. To demonstrate the implications of this crisis, I conduct a discourse analysis evidencing a nexus between enduring ontological anxieties concerning Korean division and South Korea’s persistently antagonistic relationship with Japan. In doing so, this article has important implications for how we understand ontological crisis and offers a novel account of its empirical case.

Buddies and Partners: The Inter-Korean Relationship in Korean Division Films

Buddies and Partners: The Inter-Korean Relationship in Korean Division Films

Korean Division Films

As one half of what is currently the only divided country in the world, the phenomenon of the so-called “division film” in South Korea has developed as a reflection of the social changes associated with its divided national background. The divided Korean Peninsula, the cause of military confrontation between the two Koreas, the Korean War, and espionage activities, is the background for Korean division films. As a result, the divided state serves as a narrative element and can be explored as a theme. Since the release of the first division films in 1949, a year after the Korean Peninsula was split into two countries, division films have been produced constantly. This entry analyzes major political changes, focusing on the regime changes represented in division films and, based on this approach, explores the cinematic illustrations of modern Korean history in three distinct periods. In a bid to reflect the characteristics of the times, division films portray historical elements while acting successfully as an advanced form of art. Herein, I will examine the definition and the range of these division films. This entry thus aims to discuss, in depth, the origin and history of Korea’s division films.

Dynamical Network Analysis of the South Korean Dialects Compared to Traditional Dialect Classification

In this paper, we investigate the network properties of the South Korean dialects. Among 153 words in “The Linguistic Atlas of Korea”, 33 words satisfying our criteria were surveyed. We set 138 basic administrative districts that make up South Korea as nodes and construct a language network by using a defined procedure. The network shows neither a small-world (small-world coefficient < 5) nor a scale-free (degree distribution forms like a unimodal Poisson) property in the general complex network. Also, the assortativity is seen to show transition from negative to positive at about the threshold value of 15. The number of Korean linguistic groups, which is the most import result in this study, is constantly four with s-curved Newman modularity in the threshold range 13 ∼ 22. The Korean dialect division by using a network modularity method is almost identical to the classification of traditional linguists (Central, Southwest, Southeast, and Jeju). Furthermore, subgroups can be obtained by performing a hierarchical dialect division. As a result, South Korean dialects are classified into seven minor groups, and some regions (e.g., Southern Gang-won) belong to groups different from those of the traditional classification method.

A study on the Literature Educational Status and Meaning of Korean Division Novels

A study on the Literature Educational Status and Meaning of Korean Division Novels

OKONOGI Masao, Origins of the Korean Division: The Struggle between Independence and Unification

OKONOGI Masao, <i>Origins of the Korean Division: The Struggle between Independence and Unification</i>

분단 역사에 대한 통합서사적 상상력과 통일교육

분단 역사에 대한 통합서사적 상상력과 통일교육

Encounter with the Other: A Philosophical Analysis of the Being of North Korean Refugees and the Reality of the South-North Korean Division

Encounter with the Other: A Philosophical Analysis of the Being of North Korean Refugees and the Reality of the South-North Korean Division

Representation of Male Character and Cinematic Space in 2000s Korean Division Films -Focusing on the , ,

Representation of Male Character and Cinematic Space in 2000s Korean Division Films -Focusing on the , ,

US-Soviet Dialogue on the Korean Settlement in 1943–1947: Basic Principles and Results

This article considers the history of Soviet-American relations on the Korean issue in the period of their development in the format of bilateral negotiations (1943–1947). The author aims to characterise the content and principles of the organisation of the dialogue between Moscow and Washington on the Korean issue during World War II and the postwar settlement, and to reveal the influence of this interaction on the fate of Korea. The author analyses the content of the dialogue between Moscow and Washington at the Tehran, Yalta and Potsdam conferences, describes the decision-making process on Korea at the Moscow meeting of foreign ministers in 1945, and examines the work of the Joint Soviet-American Commission, and the interaction between the Soviet and American occupation zones on the peninsula. The analysis is carried out with reference to published and unpublished documents of the diplomatic departments of the USSR and the US (including materials of the Foreign Policy Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Fede­ration, and Internet archives), declassified CIA materials, and memoirs of political establishment members. The research allows the author to conclude that the fixation of the Korean division in 1948 occurred despite the original aspirations of the superpowers, but it became a logical outcome of the Korean settlement process. After the liberation of Korea, the USSR and the United States failed to build effective cooperation in the complex internal political conditions of the peninsula. In the end, Washington decided to choose the path that led to the implementation of a fundamentally new scenario, i.e. the formation of an independent South Korean state.

Where Is the Central Region? : The Change in the Meaning of “Central” by Korean Division

조선 초기 4군 6진 설치 이후 우리 나라의 강역은 압록강과 두만강 이남으로 고정되었고, 그 뒤로는 사실상 전체 강역에 별다른 변화가 없었다. 전체 영토가 변하지 않았다면, 남부-북부-중부의 구분도 변하지 않는 것이 자연스럽겠으나, 실제로는 그렇지 않았다. 물론 지역을 가르는 경계선 문제는 이따금 모호한 경우가 있을 수도 있다. 일찍이 조선시대 문헌에서나 일제강점기 문헌에서도 조금씩 다른 지리 구분 의식을 찾아볼 수 있다.BR ‘중부’의 범위 변화는 남북한 분단과 깊이 관련되어 있기에 의미가 남다르다. 분단 이후 남한의 시각에서, 황해도는 중부에서 북부로 바뀌었고 충청도는 남부에서 중부로 바뀌어 가고 있다. 이는 한반도 전체를 아우르는 시각이라기보다, 휴전선 경계에 이끌린 분단의 산물에 더 가깝다.BR 분단이 오랜 시간 지속되면서, 남한 사람들의 인식에서 북한 지역은 차츰 희미해져갔고, 그 결과 ‘중부’의 범위가 차츰 변화하였다. ‘중부지방’은 황해도를 배제하고 충청권으로 확장되는 변화를 겪었고, ‘중부권’은 수도권까지도 배제한 채 충청권만을 가리키는 변화를 겪었다.BR 한편 북한의 지역 구분은 조선시대 이래로 이어진 종전의 지역 구분을 거의 그대로 유지하고 있다. 휴전선을 따라 남부-북부-중부의 지역 경계가 새롭게 바뀌는 현상은 보이지 않는다.

南北分断の状況と在日朝鮮人の文学

戦後初期の在日朝鮮人文学を考える時、時間幅を少し広く捉えてみる必要があり、それらは大きく、(1)日本の敗戦から朝鮮戦争まで、(2)朝鮮戦争から1955年の民戦解散まで、(3)1955年の在日本朝鮮人総連合会(総連)結成以後、の3つの時期に分けられる。 (1)の時期には、祖国の解放を迎えて、日本に残ることになった在日朝鮮人たちの中から創作を試みる者たちが現われ始め、󰡔人民文化󰡕、󰡔高麗文芸󰡕、󰡔祖国文学󰡕、󰡔朝鮮󰡕、󰡔白民󰡕、󰡔朝連文化󰡕、󰡔建国󰡕などの同人誌が発行された。そこへ󰡔解放新聞󰡕、󰡔朝鮮新報󰡕といった民族新聞が発刊され、󰡔朝鮮新報󰡕紙上では日本語創作を巡って、朝鮮文学たり得ないとする魚塘と、日本語創作としての朝鮮文学創作の可能性を主張する金達寿の言語論争が起こりもした。さらに󰡔民主朝鮮󰡕が発行され、1947年2月20日には、朝連側文化人と民団側文化人が共同で文化活動を行なおうと在日朝鮮文化団体連合会(略称･文団連)が結成された。こうした中、1948年1月17日に各団体が大同団結して結成された｢在日朝鮮文学会｣の綱領は、1945年12月13日に南朝鮮で結成された統一団体｢朝鮮文学同盟｣の合同声明の条項と、5つの条項中、４つまでが同じであった。当時の在日朝鮮人文学者たちの文学傾向、志向、総意がどこにあったかをうかがわせるものといえる。 (2)の時期には、1950年6月には朝鮮戦争が起こるが、その結果として、共和国では朴憲永率いる南労党系が粛清された。この後遺症は深いものがあったが、資料面で注目されるのは、1953年の李承燁や林和たちの裁判･粛清と、1955年に処刑されることになる朴憲永たちの粛清に対する報道の差である。前者については、󰡔労働新聞󰡕や󰡔民主朝鮮󰡕紙上を使って、裁判の様子や判決文を大々的に報道しているが、後者については、この両紙ではほとんど報道がなされていない。一方、在日朝鮮人社会で発行されていた、祖国防衛全国委員会の機関紙󰡔新朝鮮(새조선)󰡕紙では、1953年と1954年に大々的に報道されている。このことが何を意味するか、軽々に断定はできないが、在日朝鮮人に対して、このように知らせることによって、ひょっとして残っていたかもしれない南労党系の人物たちに対する思いをあきらめさせるために、再度大きく報じたのではないか、ということが推測される。 (3)の時期、1955年の｢総連｣の結成は、在日朝鮮人運動史上、大きな転換点となる出来事であった。在日朝鮮人が共和国の｢公民｣とされ、｢在日性｣が比較的に弱まり、｢本国志向｣が強まった。そしてこれは文学面にも大きな影響をもたらした。これ以降、文学者たちの組織からの離反と、商業誌への登場が大きな問題点となってくる。

Truth or Reconciliation? The Guest and the Massacre That Never Ends

The Guest (Sonnim), Hwang Sok-yong's 2001 novel, offers a sustained meditation on conditions of possibility for inter-Korean reconciliation. Featuring memories of what happened in Sinchon, a North Korean town where an estimated thirty-five thousand civilians were killed during the early months of the Korean War, the novel explores the relationship between official and unofficial narratives of the Korean War, and between different versions of official histories that have sustained the nationalist logics of Korean division. The novel also moves beyond representation to a performance of reconciliation by turning the narrative into a ritual space in a reinvigorated implementation of Korean funerary tradition. In the process, The Guest both couples and decouples truth and reconciliation. While seeking validity for its version of the Sinchon massacre by offering up its fictional narrative as a truthful revision of official histories, The Guest incessantly undermines the empirical ground for its version of history. What opens up as a result is the gap between cognition and affect, law and lawfulness; reconciliation emerges not as the natural consequence of establishing truth but as an agonizing attempt to close the gap between truth and justice. Where truth may actually hinder the cause of reconciliation, what is the price of arriving at truth without reconciliation, and of implementing reconciliation without truth? Situating The Guest in the context of Hwang Sok-yong's own commentary, this essay examines the relevance of these questions for contemporary Korea.

Virtual Space and National Division: Crow’s Eye View: The Korean Peninsula at the Venice Architecture Biennale (2014)

Abstract How can a visual cultural object represent national division, especially its inherent complexity in spatiotemporal contestations brought by the regurgitating history of antagonistic separation? This article’s central object of analysis is a recent architecture exhibition that conjures what I call “a virtual space of Korean division”—an immersive space of embodiment where visitors can experience a shift in conceptual framework through exposure to the unforeseen relations outside their previously held notions about national division, which, for the Korean peninsula, began in 1945 and solidified in 1953. Titled Crow’s Eye View: The Korean Peninsula, the exhibition was housed in the Korean Pavilion for the occasion of the 2014 Venice Architecture Biennale. As an exhibition that presents Korean modern architecture and urban space, Crow’s Eye View prompts an intervention into the history of Korean division, operating on the spatial fields of embodiment, displacement, and mediation. The visual and spatial analyses of the exhibition include the display tactics, the origin story of the Korean Pavilion in Venice, and the colonial poet Yi Sang’s 1934 visual poem Ogamdo (Crow’s eye view), an eponymous poem from which the curators acquire the exhibition’s conceptual identity. Proposing an alternative to the existing representational frameworks of nationalism and Cold War bipolarity, this article argues that Crow’s Eye View and its virtuality reconfigure national division as a precarious state of being in common despite differences—a state of contingent coexistence and not a unified oneness nor an oppositional separation. In so doing, the exhibition thrusts the spatiotemporality of the Cold War, and the post–Cold War era, into virtual movement.

Situating Homelessness in South Korea During and After the Asian Debt Crisis

This study traces homeless policies in South Korea that were established during and after the Asian Debt Crisis of 1998-2001. Similarities and differences between South Korea and the United States are compared regarding the neoliberal regulation of the poor and their urban space and highlights the South Korean division of the homeless into those deserving of and undeserving of state welfare relief. Despite superficial differences between South Korean and U.S. categorizations, common impacts include the reification of the ideologies and practices of gendered divisions of labor. Two additional commonalities are considered here: that operations of service distribution in South Korea are spatially organized and regulated according to similar patterns, and that responsibility for homeless people is increasingly delegated to the spatially contained Third Sector.

Korean Division

Korean Division

Korean Division

Korean Division

Korean Division 17th Annual Academic Session 15th General Session January 22 - 23, 1999 Seoul, Korea

Korean Division 17th Annual Academic Session 15th General Session January 22 - 23, 1999 Seoul, Korea

Korean Division 16th Annual Academic Session 14th General Meeting January 23-24, 1998 Seoul, Korea

Korean Division 16th Annual Academic Session 14th General Meeting January 23-24, 1998 Seoul, Korea