Korean Children Research Articles

아동의 그릿(Grit)이 학교적응에 미치는 영향에서 행복감과 집행기능곤란의 이중매개효과

This study was to investigate the dual mediating effects of happiness and executive functiondifficulty on the relationship between children's grit and school adjustment. The subjects of thisstudy were 1,397 children in 6th grade of elementary school. The data were drawn from the13th(T5) wave data(2020) of the Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC). Data processing wasperformed using the IBM SPSS 26 program and Hayes (2013) Macro Process (Model 6) for thecorrelation and dual mediating effect among relevant variables. The results of study are asfollows. First, children's grit had a direct effect on school adaptation in a path model includingchildren's happiness and executive function difficulties. Second, happiness mediated the effectof children's grit on school adaptation. Third, executive function difficulties mediated the effectof children's grit on school adaptation. Fourth, the effect of children's grit on school adaptationwas double mediated in the order of happiness and executive function difficulties. Inconclusion, children's grit could positively influence children's school adjustment by sequentiallyaffecting the emotional factor of happiness and the cognitive behavioral control factor ofexecutive functioning difficulties. Limitations of the study and suggestions were discussed.

Testing a Dual Continuum Model of Belonging and Loneliness in Schools: Predicting Social–Emotional Health Among Korean Children

Testing a Dual Continuum Model of Belonging and Loneliness in Schools: Predicting Social–Emotional Health Among Korean Children

A Pilot Study on the Validity and Reliability of Korean School Readiness Inventory on Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Successful transition to school is of great importance to children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to develop a school readiness inventory for Korean children with ASD, and demonstrate its content validity and reliability. The Korean School Readiness Inventory (K-SRI) was developed to assess current levels of some fundamental skills needed for attending school for children with ASD. The K-SRI was comprised of four subscales and 16 test items: Self-help skills, Social and emotional development, School behavior, and Literacy and numeracy skills. For content validity, six experts rated the validity of the test items. Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was calculated. For reliability, parents of 22 children with ASD entering school completed the KSRI twice. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated for internal consistency. The test-retest reliability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). All the items except two items in the literacy and numeracy skills did not show a CVR of 1. The two items were deleted resulting in a 14-item inventory. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the K-SRI was 0.93, showing good internal consistency reliability. The test- retest reliability results showed ICC value of 0.93 (p<0.001), which indicates good stability. A parent-rated, 14-item school readiness inventory for Korean children with ASD were developed and preliminary evidence of its content validity and reliability were demonstrated in this study. The present study provides a basis for future studies that would further help evaluate and promote school readiness of the children with ASD.

Validating the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C) among Korean children and adolescents with high weight

BackgroundUsing reliable measurement tools is becoming increasingly important as the prevalence of obesity among children increases in Korea. The Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire for Children (DEBQ-C) measures three eating behaviors associated with overeating. This study aims to validate the DEBQ-C for use among Korean children and adolescents with high body weight. It examines the psychometric features of the Korean translation of the DEBQ-C and investigates the relationship between the subscale scores of the DEBQ-C and the weight status of participants (categorized into overweight, obese, and morbidly obese).MethodsA total of 233 children and adolescents (mean age: 11.4 ± 1.6 years) completed the questionnaire. The study verified the factor structure of the DEBQ-C using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and estimated its internal consistency with Cronbach’s alpha. For convergent validity, it employed Pearson’s correlation coefficient to assess relationships between the three eating behaviors of the DEBQ-C and the number of food addiction symptoms of the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C). Lastly, it examined the relationship between DEBQ-C scores and weight status via multinomial logistic regression analysis.ResultsThe three-factor model demonstrated goodness-of-fit (χ2 = 253, df = 167, χ2/df = 1.515, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.944; TLI = 0.937; RMSEA = 0.047). The internal consistency of the three eating behaviors was also satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.707–0.890). The emotional and external eating subscales of the DEBQ-C were positively correlated with the number of symptoms of food addiction of the YFAS-C. Emotional (OR: 2.008; 95% CI 1.973–2.043) and external (OR: 2.074; 95% CI 2.029–2.119) eating were positively associated with obesity status.ConclusionThe results suggest that the Korean version of the DEBQ-C is suitable for the examination of problematic eating behaviors in Korean children and adolescents with high body weight.

THU177 Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities And Effect On Growth Response In Children With Growth Hormone Deficiency

Abstract Disclosure: J. Choe: None. J. Lee: None. J. Kim: None. Purpose: There have been several studies on the association between structural abnormalities of the pituitary gland and its function. However, no studies have yet been conducted on children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in Korea. We investigated clinical and laboratory findings of Korean children of idiopathic GHD by the presence or absence of pathologies in the pituitary gland. Material/Methods: A total of 479 patients were included from the LG growth study database. Participants had idiopathic GHD with available pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were treated with GH for at least 1 year between Feb, 2001 and Feb, 2020. Clinical characteristics were retrieved from the LG growth study database. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to pituitary MRI findings: (1) pathological findings in the pituitary gland; (2) pathological findings outside the pituitary gland; (3) without pathological findings with MRI. Results: Of the 479 patients, 297 (62.0%) were male and 198 (83.5%) were prepubertal. Their mean age was 7.56±2.95 years (2-16 years) and mean age of GH treatment was 7.56±2.96 years. Pituitary MR images of 354 (73.9%) patients were normal. Of the patients with detected pathologies (26.1%), 77 (61.6%) had pituitary hypoplasia, 15 (12.0%) had Rathke’s cleft cyst, 6 (0.05%) had partial empty sella, 6 (0.05%) had an arachnoid cyst, 3 (0.02%) had ectopic neurohypophysis, and 3 (0.02%) had a pineal cyst. There was no statistically significant difference in the height velocity after one year of GH treatment between groups with or without pituitary pathology (height SDS 0.71±0.34 with pituitary pathology and 0.66±0.35 with pituitary pathology; p=0.09). Conclusions: Among Korean children with GHD, approximately one-quarter of patients had abnormal pituitary MRI findings. There were no significant differences in predicting GH treatment response regardless of pituitary MRI abnormalities. Further long-term studies are needed. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

THU138 The Association Between Irisin And Anthropometric And Metabolic Parameters In Obese Children And Adolescents

Abstract Disclosure: S. Kim: None. S. Kim: None. S. Park: None. S. Sim: None. S. Kim: None. M. Ahn: None. C. Won-kyoung: None. C. Kyoung Soon: None. M. Jung: None. B. Suh: None. Background: Irisin is a myokine secreted from skeletal muscle that plays an important role in the regulation of adipokine secretion and the differentiation of osteoblast and osteoclasts. Irisin has been shown to increase browning of adipose tissue, thermogenesis, energy expenditure, and insulin sensitivity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of serum irisin level with metabolic, anthropometric parameters and bone mineral density in children and adolescents. Methods: This study included 103 Korean children and adolescents in a single center: 49 (47.6 %) obese participants with a body mass index (BMI) ≥95th percentile and 54 (52.4%) healthy control with BMI 15-85th percentile. Fasting serum irisin was quantitatively assayed by ELISA. Lipid profile, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Tryglyceride and glucose (TyG) index, osteocalcin and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 were measured as metabolic parameters. Bone mineral density (BMD) was performed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 33 healthy subjects. Results: Serum irsin was significantly higher in obese group than in control group (mean 18.1 ± 3.5 vs 16.2 ± 2.0ng/mL; P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in serum irisin levels between prepubertal and pubertal subjects. In the all participants, irisin level was positively correlated with height SDS (r = 0.24; P = 0.02), BMI SDS (r = 0.37; P &amp;lt;0.001), HOMA-IR(r = 0.21; P = 0.04) and osteocalcin (r = 0.27; P = 0.006). Serum irisin level was negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r = -0.29; P = 0.005) and positively correlated with total body less head (TBLH) Z-score (r = 0.40, P = 0.03). Conclusions: This study showed the association between irisin levels with BMI standard deviation score, HOMA-IR and HDL cholesterol. Our data showed a positive correlation between irisin levels and BMD in healthy subjects. Further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms by which irisin could affect glucose/lipid metabolism and bone metabolism. Presentation: Thursday, June 15, 2023

2.44 Alterations of Plasma Cytokine Levels in Korean Children With ASD

2.44 Alterations of Plasma Cytokine Levels in Korean Children With ASD

2022 Clinical practice guidelines for central precocious puberty of Korean children and adolescents.

The Committee of Central Precocious Puberty of Korean Pediatrics and Adolescents of the Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology has newly developed evidence-based 2022 clinical practice guidelines for central precocious puberty in Korean children and adolescents. These guidelines provide the grade of recommendations, which includes both the strength of recommendations and the level of evidence. In the absence of sufficient evidence, recommendations are based on expert opinion. These guidelines have been revised and supplement the previous guidelines "Clinical Guidelines for Precocious Puberty 2011," and are drawn from a comprehensive review of the latest domestic and international research and the grade of recommendation appropriate to the domestic situation. This review summarizes the newly revised guidelines into 8 key questions and 27 recommendations and consists of 4 sections: screening, diagnosis, treatment, and long-term outcome of central precocious puberty.

잠재계층분석을 이용한 한국 청소년 사이버불링 가해행태 분석

This study aims to categorize adolescent cyberbullying perpetration using a person-centered approach, as opposed to the conventional variable-centered method. The goal is to create an academic foundation for tailoring cyberbullying prevention strategies that align with unique perpetration patterns shown by individual adolescents. To achieve this goal, the study utilized data from the 「Korean Children and Youth Welfare Panel Study 2018」conducted by the Korea Institute of Child and Adolescent Welfare. Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), we identified latent groups of adolescents with comparable cyberbullying perpetration patterns. These groups were then studied to uncover distinctions in demographic charateeristics (gender), mental health factors (aggression, depression, grit), antisocial behaviors (delinquency), and relational factors (teacher relationships, friendships, parental caregiving attitudes). The key findings are as follows: First, a statistically significant model has been derived, which includes two to five latent groups, each displaying unique patterns of cyberbullting perpetration behavior. Second, considering model fit, types of perpetration behavior, and sample sizes, a four-group latent model has been determined as the most appropriate for achieving the research objectives. These four latent groups are labeled as: 'Low-Level Perpetration Group (n=2,087)', 'Verbal Aggression · Cyber Prison · Flaming Concentrated Group (n=36)', 'Verbal Aggression Concentrated Group (n=74)', and 'High-Level Perpetration Group (n=5)'. Third, there are no significant differences observed in the characteristics of the members within each latent cyberbullying perpetration group. However, unexpected outcomes are noted concerning delinquency, teacher relationships, and positive parental caregiving attitudes (warmth, autonomy support, structure). Consequently, the need for further research on categorizing types of adolescent cyberbullying perpetration and conducting detailed analyses for each type is proposed.

창의적 학교 환경 인식이 학업적 자기효능감과 학교적응을 매개로 학업수행능력에 미치는 영향

This study aimed to examine the impact of perceiving a creative school environment on academic performance, mediated by academic self-efficacy and school adjustment. Data from the 12th annual Panel Study on Korean Children (PSKC) were utilized, and a structural equation analysis was conducted on a sample of 1,398 fifth-grade elementary school students. The findings of the study are as follows. First, creative school environment perception and school adaptation did not have a significant impact on academic performance; however, academic self-efficacy exerted a static influence on academic performance. Second, both creative school environment perception and academic self-efficacy had a static impact on school adaptation. Third, it was confirmed that creative school environment perception is influenced by academic self-efficacy. Based on these findings, this study suggests that the importance of academic self-efficacy and the need to provide experiences through school learning activities that fulfill academic self-efficacy. Efforts should be directed toward creating a classroom atmosphere and designing learning activities that facilitate the cultivation of these aspects.

부모양육태도가 청소년의 창의적 성격에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effect of grit in the relationship between parenting attitudes and adolescents' creative personality. For this purpose, this study analyzed 2,384 survey data in the third year of KCYPS 2018 from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey through SPSS 21.0. The results are as follows. First, there was a significant positive correlation between positive parenting attitudes, grit, and creative personality among parental parenting attitudes, while negative parenting attitudes were significantly negatively correlated with grit and creative personality. Second, a hierarchical regression analysis of the impact of parenting attitudes and grit on creative personality showed that positive parenting attitudes had a positive effect on creative personality, while negative parenting attitudes did not affect creative personality. On the other hand, grit was found to have a positive effect on creative personality. Third, based on the correlation between variables, grit's mediating effect on the relationship between parental parenting attitude and creative personality played a partial mediating role in the relationship between parents' positive parenting attitude and creative personality and parents' negative parenting attitude and creative personality. Through these results, positive parenting attitudes directly affect adolescents' creative personality, but through grit, creative personality increases. On the other hand, negative parenting attitudes not only directly lower the creative personality of adolescents, but also lower grit, resulting in a decline in creative personality. Based on the results of this study, it is meaningful that both the increase in positive parenting attitude and the decrease in negative parenting attitude of parents are significantly important to enhance the creative personality and grit of adolescents, and at the same time, reveal the importance of parenting.

초등학교 6학년의 사회경제적 지위 인식과 미래에 대한 인식과의 관계에서 전반적인 행복감과 삶의 만족도의 직렬다중매개효과

Objectives The aim of this paper is to investigate the serial multiple mediation of overall happiness and life satisfaction in the relationship between subjective socioeconomic status and perception of the future in 6th grade elementary school students.&#x0D; Methods This study used data from 13th (2020) Panel Study on Korean Children(PSKC) and total of 1,357 students who responded to 13th PSKC are examined by measures of subjective socioeconomic statue, future expectation, overall happiness, and life satisfaction. Path analysis is conducted to test the serial multiple meditation of overall happiness and life satisfaction.&#x0D; Results Firstly, there are positive correlations among subjective socioeconomic status, future expectation, overall happiness, and life satisfaction. Second, overall happiness and life satisfaction may serially mediate the association between subjective socioeconomic status and future expectation. Last but not least, overall happiness have the greatest meditation impact between subjective socioeconomic status and future expectation while testing differences among effects of meditation.&#x0D; Conclusions A student’s subjective socioeconomic status was positively associated with overall happiness, then with life satisfaction, which in turn positively contributed to future expectation. Especially, identification of and interventions for overall happiness may support a 6th grade student who think his/her socioeconomic status low to have high future expectation.

Device-Measured Sleep Duration Age 9–11 Years Among Urban Korean Children

Objective: Sleep duration measurement methods are expensive and inconvenient. Smart bands or wearable activity trackers have offered objective and continuous tracking over several nights in real-world conditions. This study explored device-measured sleep duration in Korean children aged 9–11 years old. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2022 and March 2023, enrolled 72 participants aged 9–11 years and equipped with smart bands (Xiaomi Mi Smart Band 6) for several nights lasting more than 5 days, including weekends. Sleep duration and sleep onset time were obtained using the smart bands. Results: Seventy-one children (43 girls, 28 boys), with a mean age of 9.92±0.73 were included. Sleep durations on weekdays and weekends did not show a significant difference (8.55±0.66 h vs. 8.76±0.72 h). However, significant difference was observed in sleep onset time between weekdays and weekends (p&lt;0.001). The sleep duration on weekdays and weekends declined with age. The sleep duration on weekdays and weekends was similar in each age group; however, the sleep onset time significantly differed for all age groups (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests insufficient sleep duration among the children in this study. And digital device may be an effective and fast way to evaluate children without a sleep laboratory, and suggest the need for further research to understand their implications and develop more accurate measurement methods for understanding children’s sleep.

AI 기반 영어 교육용 프로그램과 한국인 교사의 초등학생 영어 발음평가 비교 연구

AI 기반 영어 교육용 프로그램과 한국인 교사의 초등학생 영어 발음평가 비교 연구

Environment-wide association study to identify exposure pathways of bisphenol A in Korean children and adolescents: Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2018-2020

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine-disrupting chemical commonly used in manufacturing plastic products. Despite ongoing efforts and regulatory measures, BPA exposure among children persists. This study aimed to identify the modifiable factors associated with urinary BPA levels in Korean children and adolescents. We conducted an environment-wide association study (EWAS) using data from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) Cycle 4. This study included 578 preschoolers, 736 school-aged children, and 828 adolescents. A total of 117, 103, and 102 modifiable factors were selected from KoNEHS Cycle 4. Each modifiable factor associated with urinary BPA levels was tested using a multivariable linear regression model. Subsequently, multiple testing corrections were performed using false discovery rate (FDR) estimation. For the validation phase, we used the iteration of the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), a machine learning-based regression analysis. After the validation phase of the LASSO regression, two modifiable factors were identified as being significantly related to urinary BPA levels in preschoolers. Urinary cotinine levels and the use of slime or clay toys were positively associated with urinary BPA levels in preschoolers. However, no significant associations were observed between school-aged children and adolescents. Our results suggest novel exposure pathways to BPA in recent lifestyles and contribute to the development of effective prevention strategies. These modifiable factors provide valuable targets for interventions aimed at reducing BPA exposure in children. Further research is needed to explore additional modifiable factors and confirm our results in larger and more diverse populations.

Parental and Child Factors Associated With Internet Addiction in Children.

Internet addiction has negative effects on psychological development, interpersonal relationships, and social adaptation in 10-year-old elementary school students. This study aimed to identify parental and child characteristics related to Internet addiction in lower-grade elementary school children. This study used a secondary data analysis. Data from the tenth Panel Study on Korean Children were used. In total, 1224 ten-year-old elementary school students were included in the analysis. The questionnaire included general, parental, and child characteristics. Of all child participants, 18.5% were in the high-risk group for Internet addiction. Lower paternal and maternal spousal satisfaction, maternal education level of high school graduate or lower, and greater permissive parenting by the mother were associated with higher odds of Internet addiction among their children. Moreover, boys and children who spent more than an hour per day without adults showed higher odds of Internet addiction. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of an intervention that improves parenting and family relationships and positively changes the environment in which children are brought up is necessary.

Comprehensive analysis of chemokine gene polymorphisms in Korean children with autoimmune thyroid disease

Chemokines are chemotactic cytokines that can cause directed migration of leukocytes. The aim of this study was to examine differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of chemokine in AITD patients compared to normal controls. A total of 86 Korean pediatric patients were included in the patient group and 183 adults were included in the normal control group. To compare influences of several chemokine gene polymorphisms, 25 SNPs in 16 chemokine genes were analyzed. Genotype frequencies of CCL11(rs3744508)AA(OR = 6.9) and CCR2(rs1799864)AA(OR = 3.8) were higher in the AITD patients than in the controls, whereas CCL17(rs223828)CC was lower in the AITD patients than in the controls(OR = 0.4). In comparison between Graves' disease (GD) patients and controls, genotype frequency of CCL17(rs223828)CC(OR = 0.4) was lower in the GD group, whereas those of CCR2(rs1799864)AA(OR = 4.8) were higher in the GD group. The genotype frequency of CCL11(rs3744508)AA(OR = 11.3) was higher in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) patients, whereas that of CXCL8(rs2227306)CC(OR = 0.4) was lower in HT patients. Polymorphisms of CCL11(rs3744508), CCL17(rs223828), and CCR2(rs1799864) might be associated with AITD, with CCL17(rs223828), CCR2(rs1799864) and CXCR2(rs2230054, rs1126579) affecting GD and CCL11(rs3744508) and CXCL8(rs2227306) affecting HT in Korean children.

Moderating Effects of Emotional Recognition Competency in Rejective Parenting and Adolescent Depression and Aggression.

Rejective parenting is a major antecedent of emotional instability and aggressive behavioral problems. Previous studies have reported that emotional problems, such as depression, anxiety, aggression, and conduct problems in children and adolescents, improve through interventions that enhance emotional recognition competency. In this study, we explored whether the emotional recognition ability levels of individual adolescents moderated the pathway of negative parenting on aggression mediated by depression The moderated mediating effect of emotional recognition competency was investigated through examining 2265 first-year high school students using the 2021 data from the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018. There was no significant moderating effect on the direct pathway from rejective parenting to aggression. The moderating effect of emotional recognition competency on the indirect pathway leading to aggression through depression in rejective parenting was significant. These results suggest that the ability to correctly understand signals related to the emotions of others can play an important role in reducing depression and aggressive behavior by reducing conflict with people around them and experiencing more support.

Prediction of Low Birth Weight Using Machine Learning on Environmental and Maternal Risk Factors: Korean CHildren's ENvironmental health Study

Prediction of Low Birth Weight Using Machine Learning on Environmental and Maternal Risk Factors: Korean CHildren's ENvironmental health Study

Relationship between ambient and indoor air pollution and complications of childbirth: Korean Children’s Environmental health Study(Ko-CHENS)

Relationship between ambient and indoor air pollution and complications of childbirth: Korean Children’s Environmental health Study(Ko-CHENS)