Komnas Perempuan Research Articles

Self-Disclosure in Interpersonal Communication on Victims of the Domestic Violence (KDRT) in Medan

This study aims to analyze self-disclosure in interpersonal communication and the causes of the victim's decision to self-disclose, so that the victim filed a complaint against the violence she experienced to the KOMNAS Perempuan Partner Service Institute. The research method used descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through interviews with eight main informants and six triangulation informants. The results showed that self-disclosure in interpersonal communication was carried out to the people closest to the victim, namely friends, biological mothers, adoptive mothers, nephews, and lawyers who handled the case, by conveying messages in the form of domestic events aimed at getting a way out of solving the problem, through direct and indirect communication channels (WhatsApp), causing effects, namely awareness of the right to protection from the state, the courage to sue and report the perpetrator, get help with case fees, the willingness of the communicant to become a trial witness, and the acceptance of the victim to return to live with the communicant. Two informants were in the open window because they realized the violence they experienced and intended to disclose it, two informants were in the blind window because they did not realize the violence they experienced, and four informants were in the hidden window because they realized the violence they experienced but had hidden it. Self-disclosure was done by four informants openly and four informants covertly

Gender Inequality and Media Representation: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Femicide Coverage in Indonesia

Femicide, recognized by the UN as the killing of women based on honor, sexual orientation, or gender identity, is a severe manifestation of gender inequality and sex-based violence. Often linked to domestic violence, sexual harassment, and ongoing trauma, femicide represents one of the most extreme forms of violence against women. In 2023, 159 cases of femicide in Indonesia were reported, with most committed by intimate partners (Komnas Perempuan). This study examines how femicide cases were reported by three major Indonesian online media outlets—Kompas.com, Republika.co.id, and Tirto.id—analyzing nine news articles focused on harassment, domestic violence, and murder. Using Sara Mills' critical discourse analysis (CDA), the research explores how these media portray gender injustice against women. The findings reveal that women are consistently depicted as weak and powerless, trapped in a patriarchal culture that normalizes violence against them. This portrayal reinforces gender stereotypes, weakening legal responses and perpetuating male dominance. The study underscores the need for more balanced and empowering media representations of women to challenge the deep-rooted gender inequalities in society.

Passing the Sexual Violence Crime Law in Indonesia: Reflection of a Gender-Sensitive Parliament?

After a decade of deliberation, the draft sexual violence eradication bill was finally passed by the Indonesian parliament on 12 April 2022, enacted as the Sexual Violence Crime Law (<em>Undang-Undang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual</em>). The draft, which was first initiated by the National Commission on Violence Against Women (<em>Komnas Perempuan</em>) and later adopted as a parliamentary initiative, sparked controversy both inside and outside parliament. This article aims to describe the law-making process and identify the critical actors and acts as well as institutional responses that led to the passing of the law. It considers whether the experience can be interpreted as a reflection of a gender-sensitive parliament. Using a qualitative research approach, we identified critical actors and various responses from the parliament as an institution in responding to the dynamics of resistance and encouragement for the draft law to be passed. Our research material consists of interviews, news articles, and official document data. We found that critical actors and actions are key in the law-making process along with strong political will and collaboration between lawmakers, government representatives, civil society organizations, and the media, but the passage of this legislation alone does not fulfill the full requirement of a gender-sensitive parliament.

The Meaning of Toxic Relationship Communication for Teenagers

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of the rise of toxic relationships in romantic relationships among teenagers. This results in depression, suicide attempts due to excessive pressure from the perpetrator. Komnas Perempuan's annual records for 2022 contain 3,528 data on cases of violence in romantic relationships. The aim of this research is to explain the motives, experiences and meaning of toxic relationship communication in romantic relationships for teenagers in Garut Regency. The research method used is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Phenomenological theory becomes the scalpel in this research to obtain an explanation for the phenomenon of toxic relationships. Data collection techniques through participant observation, in-depth interviews, literature study and documentation. The data analysis techniques in this research are data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The research results show that the motives for toxic relationships in romantic relationships vary, starting from internal factors such as obsession, narcissistic personality disorder (NPD), excessive disclosure and external factors such as the surrounding environment and the presence of an ex-lover in a new relationship. The experiences of toxic relationships that many people experience are verbal and nonverbal violence, mild depression to severe depression, trauma, hampered personal development and loss of confidence in having new relationships with other people. The communication meaning of a toxic relationship is one-way communication, a relationship that hurts each other, does not have good expectations from the romantic relationship that is being carried out and the relationship is dominated by only one party.

Legal Policy Against the Crime of Women Trafficking in Indonesia

The National Commission Against Violence against Women, also known as Komnas Perempuan, was established over a decade ago in Indonesia. The ratification of numerous policies to protect women also applies in this situation. Paradoxically, there continues to be a significant number of crimes targeting women, with one such crime being the act of trafficking women. The problem is being defined as follows: 1. What is the legal framework governing the offence of human trafficking in women in Indonesia? The implementation of legal policy against the crime of trafficking in women in Indonesia is assessed. Indonesia's legal policy on criminal trafficking of women has been regulated, but its implementation has not been optimal. This is evident from the increasing number of trafficking cases in the country. The Indonesian government needs to take appropriate measures to reduce or minimize these criminal acts. This can enhance underlying variables, such as economic, social, cultural, and political advancements.

Causes and impacts of domestic violence against women: Cases in Indonesia

Domestic violence against women is still a common phenomenon in Indonesia. Data from Komnas Perempuan 2021 showed from 8,234 cases of violence against women handled by its partner institutions, 6,480 cases (79%) were happened at home. 3,221 cases of them (50%) are violence against wives. This article aims to uncover the causes and effects of domestic violence against women in Indonesia, what specific patterns are implicit in these causes, expressed by both perpetrators and victims, that could lead to a particular theory of domestic violence, and what perpetrators do to victims and what the consequences are. Using data gathered from 27 informants and 86 online news, this research finds that there are various causes of domestic violence. These causes lead to specific pattern that strengthen the use of social theories, in particular control, resource, exosystem and social isolation theories. Various forms of domestic violence done by offenders from light to heavy hits using bare hands or other tools. The impact of domestic violence can range from injury to death of the victim.

Implementation of Law No. 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence Domestic Violence (PKDRT) in the Province of North Sumatra

Implementation of Law no. 23 of 2004 concerning the elimination of domestic violence aims to prevent and overcome the occurrence of domestic violence. The article states that acts of domestic violence are a form of criminal act. Criminal threats for perpetrators of domestic violence have been regulated in Law no. 23 of 2004. The National Commission for Women's Protection is a national institution that highlights acts of domestic violence. Komnas Perempuan makes various efforts to prevent cases of domestic violence. Komnas Perempuan collaborates with various state institutions and community institutions to prevent cases of domestic violence. Apart from that, Komnas Perempuan also regularly issues CATAHU (annual records) and provides training and campaigns to prevent and suppress cases of domestic violence.

FROM THE ELIMINATION OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE DRAFT BILL TO THE SEXUAL VIOLENCE CRIME : CONFLICT OF IDEOLOGY FEMINIST AND RELIGIOUS IDEOLOGY RELATED TO SEXUAL CONSENT

The Sexual Violence Crime Law (UU TPKS) was passed in 2022. However, the TPKS Law cannot be separated from various incidents, this is also the background for the TPKS Law taking a long time to be ratified. One of the controversial ones is related to the sexual consent paradigm which is often the reason for rejection of the TPKS Bill. This research uses the library study method, namely the author collects data by searching for data and information through books, journals, documents, articles, news and other library sources. The author will collect library data, record and analyze discourse related to sexual consent in the TPKS Bill, both within the DPR and external parties, namely community organizations. The Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), Islamic Defenders Front (FPI) and several other organizations use religious ideology in rejecting the TPKS Bill, while KUPI, Komnas Perempuan, Gusdurian, and other women's activist groups try to remember the mindset of the initial purpose of the TPKS Bill which was formed in basically departs from feminist ideology.

Pelecehan Seksual dalam Dunia Maya : Studi Kasus Terhadap Penggunaan Media Sosial

The objective of this research is to identify the factors causing sexual harassment on social media and its impact on gender, as well as to analyze the number of sexual harassment cases that occurred in 2020. The methodology employed in this study involves data analysis from partner institutions of the National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) and the Service and Referral Unit (UPR) of Komnas Perempuan. The data encompasses the quantity of sexual harassment cases on social media and cases of violence against women in general. The research findings indicate a significant decrease in the number of sexual harassment cases on social media in 2020, with only 120 institutions returning questionnaires, down from 239 institutions the previous year. However, there is an increase in overall cases of violence against women, with 8,234 cases handled by the partner institutions of Komnas Perempuan. From this study, it can be concluded that despite the decline in the number of sexual harassment cases on social media, cases of violence against women in general continue to rise. This suggests that sexual harassment on social media and violence against women are issues that need continuous identification and serious attention.

Reactualization of Islamic Parenting in Reducing Moral Decadence

From a long time ago, Indonesia seemed to be full of criminal and immoral cases. Outbreaks of crime seem more rampant than the Covid-19 virus itself. The Indonesian people constantly get news that hurts moral values. The proof, based on a report by Komnas Perempuan in 2021, stated that as many as 2500 acts of violence befell women. Even until the end of this year, immoral acts continued to emerge. On December 2, 2021, we were shocked by the news that a girl committed suicide (NW) because her partner did not want to be responsible for her pregnancy. Then, five days ago, on December 6, 2021, we were again shocked by the news of sexual violence where, a mother who had just given birth was raped by 4 people in front of her children, even the perpetrator killed the victim's newborn child. However, what is even sadder than immorality is when someone commits munkar under the pretext of being consensual. For example, the phenomenon of FWB (Friend with Benefit) where a person is free to have sex as long as there is no coercion even though there is no marriage bond. FWB is usually done by young people. If this phenomenon continues, it can lead to the destruction of the next generation. This phenomenon usually occurs due to the influence of the social environment and even the closest family through efforts to strengthen Islamic values for children. Therefore, Islamic Parenting needs to be re-actualized in order to reduce moral decadence.

Sosialisasi Child Grooming : Cyber Crime yang Mengintai Anak-Anak di Era Digital

Indonesia is in second place in cyber crime cases in the world. According to Komnas Perempuan’s record, in 2022, online gender-based violence (KBGO) cases occupy the highest position in complains to Komnas Perempuan in the public domain, covering 69% of the total cases. Riau, as one of the provinces in Indonesia, is also not immune to cases of sexual crimes in cyber space. A number of online media reported that Riau experienced an increase in cases of violence against children and women in 2021, this was an increase of 40 cases compared to 2020 . One of the reasons is the lack of parental knowledge of sexual crimes. In addition, the public’s view of sex is still considered very taboo. With current technological developments, it is analogous to an “open gate” that everything can be easily accessed and all forms of cyber crime will easily stalk children, including child grooming. The purpose of this community service is to socialize to the community regarding the dangers of child grooming and provid solutions on how to overcome them. This community service will involve one partner, namely the Raudathul Athfal Alkausar school, Sialang Sakti Village, Dayun District, Siak Regency. The solution offered in this service is to provide counseling related to one type of sexual crime in the digital era called Grooming to both teachers and parents. One of the successes in this service can be seen from the understanding obtained by the teachers and also the guardians of the students. The output targets of this service will later be published in the nationally accredited journal and local electronic mass media.

Literacy of Online Gender Based Violence (OGBV) in Gen-Z

Generation Z in Indonesia is the internet user with the highest penetration rate of 99.26% (APJII 2022 data), because they were born in the digital era, In the internet era, the production, consumption and distribution of information on the internet appear like a double-edged knife. On the one hand, it has a positive impact, but on the other hand, useless and uneducative content has emerged. Misuse of information and even digital crimes have also emerged massively, one of which is Online Gender-Based Violence (KBGO) with a crime pattern that is not easy to read, with a variety of modes so that cases have increased by 300% in the last six years (Komnas Perempuan, 2020). This research aims to find out the extent of literacy competence and experience of KBGO in Gen-Z with the research subject of Communication Science students at the University of Semarang. Using the concept of digital literacy developed by the Ministry of Communication and Information - Siberkreasi as a basis for analysis, this research uses mixed methods, namely online surveys and phenomenological in-depth interviews. The research found that Gen-Z naturalised KBGO in a joking context and did not take it seriously. Another thing is that the WhatsApp messaging application is on average a medium for spreading pornographic content through text, stickers, emoticons, videos or photos.

FACTORS RELATED TO SEXUAL HARASSMENT ON PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION IN JABODETABEK IN 2022

Komnas Perempuan defines sexual harassment as sexual acts through physical or non-physical touch with the sexual organs or sexuality of the victims they are subjected to, including acts of whistling, flirting, sexually suggestive speech, displaying pornography and sexual desires, touching or touching the body, gestures or gestures of a sexual nature that result in discomfort, offense, feeling degraded, and possibly to the point of causing health and safety issues. One of them was (55.7%) of respondents who had experienced sexual harassment on public transport. The most respondents who were exposed to the most sexual harassment were women (75.2%). The most frequent harassment was in the KRL (19.5%). The most frequent abuse was verbal abuse (47.7%). The most common type of verbal abuse is someone who calls beautiful/handsome sweet etc. (42.3%). The most perpetrators were other passengers (36.9%). The purpose of this study is that this research was conducted to determine the experience of sexual harassment in general transportation users in Jabodetabek in 2022. The method used This research is a type of quantitative research with a descriptive observational approach with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection was carried out primer using a questionnaire with a sample of 149 respondents taken by purposive sampling technique. The advice of every public transport officer is to provide strict protection so that there is no more sexual harassment.

EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DENGAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN REMAJA TENTANG PELECEHAN SEKSUAL DI SMK 1 PIRI YOGYAKARTA

Background: CATAHU recorded cases of sexual harassment against women received by various community organizations and government institutions spread across all provinces in Indonesia as well as direct complaints received by Komnas Perempuan for cases of violence in 2022 in Indonesia totaling 299,911 cases. The highest cases of sexual violence were from Sleman Regency reaching 44%, followed by Yogyakarta City 27%, Bantul reaching 13%, Kulon Progo and Gunung Kidul 2% and outside DIY 12% with the perpetrators being on average the people closest to the victim.
 Research methods: This research is a quantitative research using the Pre-Experimental Research Method with the One-Group Pretest-Posttes Design. The population in this study was 218 people. The sampling technique is accidental sampling. The sample size obtained was 30 respondents. The instrument in this study was a questionnaire. Methods of data analysis using univariate
 Results and discussion: Most of the frequency distribution of knowledge of sexual harassment before being given health education with audio-visual media was sufficient (63.3%), knowledge of sexual harassment after being given health education was mostly good (70.0%). The results of the Wilcoxon Penkes Test with Audio Visual Media are Effective for Increasing Adolescents' Knowledge of Sexual Harassment at Piri1 Yogyakarta Vocational High School, because the significant value is 0.000 <0.05. The Effectiveness of Health Education with Audio Visual Media about Sexual Harassment Against Adolescent Knowledge at SMK Piri 1 Yogyakarta

EFFECTIVNESS OF DIVORCEMEDIATION IN INDONESIA: COMPARATIVE LEGAL STUDY OF UNITED STATES

Victims of Domestic Violence (KDRT) are increasing every year, which is one of the causes of divorce. CATAHU Komnas Perempuan 2022 reported that as many as 4,779 cases of divorce were due to domestic violence. The divorce process is preceded by a mediation stage as a dispute resolution by mediators at the Religious Courts. Mediators who handle divorce cases must be thorough and have a strategy for identifying and dealing with domestic violence. Domestic violence screening (KDRT screening) needs to be done so that the identification of cases of domestic violence can be explained specifically. One of the countries that have implemented screening is the United States, which considers it an appropriate and effective method. Comparison of the legal system becomes an analytical knife regarding the legal process of mediation between Indonesia and the United States. Domestic violence screening conducted in divorce mediation can identify violence that occurs. If there is an act of violence, the mediator can use a different approach during mediation. Mediation should be able to help both parties reach an agreement that is fair and profitable for both while taking into account the rights and obligations of the parties.

Komnas Perempuan, Consolidation Role and Institutionalization Policy Violence Sexuality in the Environment College

The Role of The National Commission on Violence Against Women (Komnas Perempuan) in Permendikbud No. 30 of 2021 concerning on the Prevention and Handling of Sexual Violence in the Higher Education Environment is considered very significant. Moreover, the social and intellectual works carried out by The National Commission on Violence Against Women in advocating for survivors of violence; conducting study and research for collecting data and reports; organizing public discussions, campaigns, outreach and education related to the phenomenon of violence; and the consolidation initiated by The National Commission on Violence Against Women involving the involvement of universities, civil society organizations, religious groups, and the government resulted crucial and massive results. This study used a qualitative method with The National Commission on Violence Against Women as its research object.

Penegakan Hukum Terhadap Kejahatan Penyebaran Konten Porno Balas Dendam (Revenge Porn)

The dissemination of pornography is regulated by the pornography law, and the offense of decency is regulated in the Criminal Code. Articles 281, 282, 283, 532, and 533 of the Criminal Code prohibit pornography and pornographic acts and provide punishment. The Law Number 19 of 2016 specifically regulates decency in the electronic field, amending the Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Komnas Perempuan reported an increase in gender-based violence on the internet, specifically revenge porn, with cases increasing from 126 in 2019 to 510 in 2020. Law enforcement efforts against perpetrators of revenge pornographic content on social media include preventive and repressive measures.

Kekerasan dalam Rumah Tangga: Konsekuensi Hukum dan Perlindungan Korban

Recently, TV stations and social media were enlivened by news about domestic violence (KDRT) committed by artist FI against his wife who is also an artist named VM in a hotel in East Java. Previously, domestic violence among fellow LK artists was also horrified who experienced violence perpetrated by RB and this case ended with recovery and revocation of the police report. On social media, the viral video of domestic violence experienced by a child from his father, a businessman named RIS, has been determined as an allegation of a report from his wife after the examination and case title. Domestic violence against children which shocked the Indonesian public occurred in 1984 which was experienced by 7-year-old AH who died after being abused by his own biological father and mother. The South Jakarta District Court found Saya guilty and was sentenced to 5 years in prison while his wife S was sentenced to 3 years in prison. This research method uses a type of normative legal research that is carried out or focuses on positive legal norms in the form of laws and regulations with an empirical juridical approach by reviewing normative or juridical concepts regarding the implementation of legal protection for victims of domestic violence (KDRT) who are victims of crime. The conclusion of this study is that the reasons for the occurrence of acts of physical violence within the household (KDRT) by husbands against wives and/or children: infidelity factors, economic factors, psychological factors and the nature of the husband, educational factors, third party factors (family) and legal consequences due to acts of physical violence within the household (KDRT) by husbands against wives and/or children can be carried out through non-litigation through P2TP2A and Komnas Perempuan while handling litigation through police reporting.

Between Religious Controversy and Commodification: A Study of Dauroh Poligami Indonesia

While polygamy is the consensus of ulama (Islamic clerics) and is allowed by marriage law 1974, polygamy is still a highly controversial religious-based practice that continuously triggered pros and cons in Indonesian society. Polygamy is considered a form of gender inequality and violence against women. Many movements aspire to eliminate all forms of gender inequality and violence against women, including the campaign of 16- Days Anti Violence against Women initiated by Komnas Perempuan and feminist collectives.However, during the campaign in 2017, a recent pro-polygamous organization named Dauroh Poligami Indonesia came to the public to promote polygamy seminars. The emergence of Dauroh Poligami Indonesiais much criticized on account of commercialization and gender violence. Against this backdrop, this article seeks to understand the emergence of pro-polygamy collectives like Dauroh Poligami Indonesia. To fill the gap in the discourse about polygamy, this article shall presentcredible voices of women's pro-polygamous marriage. Why are there women still supporting polygamy, despite concerns about sexual, psychic, and economic violence to women affected by polygamy. This qualitative study employed extensive observation of pro-polygamous movement’s narratives both on social media and private whatsapp group, interviews, and participative observation from late 2017 to July 2022. By drawing on the commodification and self-autonomy framework, this study finds that the emergence of Dauroh Poligami Indonesia is not solely to gain profit using religious-based practice but also to contest Islamic ideology among Islamic denominations and liberal women rights defenders in Indonesia.

PERAN KELUARGA TERHADAP PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL BERBASIS ELEKTRONIK PERSPEKTIF HUKUM PERKAWINAN ISLAM

Electronic Based Sexual Violence (KSBE) is a new type of violence. Many children are victims of this type of violence. Parents have an important role in prevention. The aims of this research are: (1) To explain the role of prevention that can be carried out by the family against electronic-based sexual violence according to the perspective of Islamic marriage law: (2) To know the legal consequences for parents who are negligent in preventing Electronic-Based Sexual Violence. This type of research is library research, with primary legal materials in the form of Komnas Perempuan's annual notebooks, Islamic marriage law books, Al-Quran, Hadith, and Laws, as well as secondary legal materials, namely scientific journals, articles that intersect with the legal topics studied. and tertiary legal materials in the form of an Indonesian dictionary. Legal materials are collected by reviewing, recording, and evaluating library materials, as well as searching through the internet and analyzing legal materials by interpreting the legal materials that have been processed. The results of the study show that: (1) the role of prevention that can be carried out by the family against KSBE from the perspective of Islamic marriage law, namely: providing education to children, supervising children, and giving love and affection to children. (2) As a legal consequence of parents' negligence in preventing the occurrence of KSBE in children, the parents' authority can be revoked for a certain time at the request of other parents with a court decision. Keywords: Electronic Based Sexual Violence, Family Role, Islamic Marriage Law