Knowledge Of Practitioners Research Articles

NUTRITION AND ANIMAL AGRICULTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY: A REVIEW OF FUTURE PROSPECTS

In the 21st century, the global animal agriculture sector is confronted with a spectrum of multifaceted challenges and opportunities. Nutrition assumes a central role in the pursuit of sustainable, efficient, and ethically sound production practices. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate interplay between nutrition and animal agriculture, with a specific focus on future prospects within an evolving landscape. Considering mounting environmental, ethical, and resource-related constraints posed to conventional feed and production methods, this paper critically examines the emergence of innovative nutritional strategies. These encompass the exploration of novel feed constituents, the implementation of precision nutrition techniques, and the integration of sustainability considerations, offering insights into their transformative potential. The review provides a thorough and systematic analysis of the dynamic changes occurring in the field, highlights key challenges and constraints, and provides a discerning glimpse into the future trajectory of animal agriculture. These considerations span diverse dimensions, including regulatory, economic, and consumer factors. By elucidating the contemporary status of nutrition and its pivotal role in shaping the future of animal agriculture, this review endeavours to contribute to the knowledge of researchers, practitioners, and policymakers, thereby fostering a deeper comprehension of the intricate complexities and emerging opportunities in this vital domain.

Community Resilience and Innovation in Livelihood Strategies: Exploring the Drivers of Change in Mountain Agriculture in Lotkuh Valley, Pakistan

Mountain agriculture is the linchpin of the economy in Pakistan's Hindu Kush Karakoram and Himalaya mountain regions. Currently, mountain agriculture is in a state of transition, experiencing rapid changes and innovation due to physical and anthropogenic drivers, resulting in far-reaching consequences on the livelihood sustainability and food security of the local people. This study explores the multifaceted drivers of agricultural transformation in the Eastern Hindu Kush region, specifically in Lotkuh Valley, Pakistan, focusing on the intricate relationship between resilience-building measures and the adoption of innovative agricultural practices. For this purpose, data were explored from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data were collected using stratified sampling techniques during extensive field surveys conducted in the study area from 2017 to 2019. Remotely sensed data from 1990 to 2019 were obtained from the USGS site. Secondary data were acquired from the Gazetteer of Chitral 1928, Census Report 1961-2017, and Rural Settlement Report 1988. The collected data have been analyzed through descriptive analysis and advanced geospatial techniques. The findings reveal that vivid changes and transformations have occurred in mountain agriculture. These transformations include land use/cover changes, agricultural land holdings, cropping patterns, livestock populations, arboriculture, etc. From the findings of this study, it is inferred that innovation in mountain agriculture entails a variety of opportunities and has increased agricultural production, resulting in a positive impact on the economy, food security, and livelihood sustainability. This study provides nuanced knowledge and insights for policymakers, mountain agriculturists, and practitioners to effectively develop sophisticated strategies for achieving the ambitious goal of zero hunger and poverty eradication.

Le relazioni tra scuola e famiglia: buone prassi di corresponsabilità educativa. Indagine in un istituto paritario trentino e prime azioni di intervento

The emergency educational situation in the current post-modern and multicultural society makes the school-family relationship increasingly complex. It is imperative that family and school share responsibility for the education of the new generations. Good practices are necessary to respond to these new needs. With this in mind, a research project was launched in the Province of Trento in 2018, conducted from a service-perspective, aimed at producing useful knowledge for practitioners. This paper therefore reports the main findings of the field research and the systematic analysis of previous literature.

Digital rhetoric, literae humaniores and Leibniz’s dream

This essay celebrates the beginning of Digital Enlightenment Studies by raising some basic questions that are still uncomfortably incunabular. (See Jerome McGann on that, below.) The central question I pose is this: what are the consequences of applying digital methods to scholarly editing and how best might we think about them? It is an essay by an outsider intended for a scholarly commune of knowledgeable practitioners in the application of these methods. Whatever value the essay has comes from placing those methods in the broader context of digital humanities historically and philosophically considered. It starts with some of the earliest explorations of devices ‘to think with’, as Ivor Richards said of the codex; considers their fundamental role as modelling machines; takes up the first attempt to design the quasi-cognitive processes of digital computing; uses the author’s own fledgling project for a glimpse of how different these processes must be from our own; and finally ends with an example of their potential for propelling imaginative thought. Throughout are provocations to do something about the disciplinary amnesia of digital humanities, to see that it becomes of the humanities rather than merely in them.

Gambaran Tingkat Pengetahuan Dokter Umum Tentang Visum Et Repertum Di Rumah Sakit Tipe C Kota Padang

General practitioners have received knowledge on making visum et repertum during their education so they should know how to make a good quality of visum et repertum. However, not all of the general practiotioners have good knowledge about visum et repertum and are able to make a good quality of visum et repertum. This study aim to give a description about general practitioners' knowledge of visum et repertum. This study is a decriptive categoric study. The population of this study was general practiotioners who worked at Type C Hospital in Padang in 2022 consisting of 31 samples. Most of the samples were 26-35 years, female, bachelor degree, have been working for 1-5 years, had the experience in making visum et repertum, the level of knowledge of visum et repertum was stated to be sufficient. The general practitioner's knowledge of visum et repertum at Type C Hospital in Padang resulted in sufficient knowledge.

Experience and attitudes of general psychiatrists in Turkiye towards persons with intellectual disability/intellectual developmental disorders: a cross-sectional survey

Background The global burden of psychiatric care of intellectual disabilities/intellectual developmental disorders (IDD) remains unaddressed in general. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitudes of general adult psychiatry practitioners in Turkiye. Methods A self-administered cross-sectional survey was conducted to gather information regarding the medical and postgraduate training experiences, views, and attitudes towards IDD (n = 265). Results Among the respondents, 47.9% reported receiving some training on IDD in medical school, and 75.4% during residency training. Almost all respondents felt strongly that further specialty training would be beneficial. Majority of respondents indicated that they would be willing to see patients with IDD despite finding it difficult to diagnose/manage their co-occurring mental disorders. The most common mental health problem endorsed was ‘challenging behaviour’. The most prescribed psychotropic medication class was antipsychotics. Conclusions The results of the study highlight need for training, normalization, and enhancement of community inclusion in IDD.

Development of an Aboriginal Resilience and Recovery Questionnaire – a collaboration between practitioners and help-seeking clients of a Victorian Aboriginal community controlled health service

BackgroundIndigenous experiences and perspectives of resilience, healing and recovery from trauma is gaining increasing attention, with a growing qualitative literature that spans multiple indigenous cultural groups. However, few quantitative measures are available. In this article, development of a preliminary version of the Aboriginal Resilience and Recovery Questionnaire is described.AimThe first aim of this study was to describe findings from two focus groups that provided theoretical knowledge and development of items for a draft version of an Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire. The second aim of the study was to conduct a preliminary psychometric analysis of the properties of the measure.DesignMulti-method research design grounded in indigenous research methodologies.MeasuresAboriginal Resilience and Recovery Questionnaire, Australian Aboriginal Version of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire Trauma symptom subscale, Growth and Empowerment Measure.Results(1) Two focus groups with six counselling staff from an Aboriginal health service were run that explored Victorian Aboriginal understandings of resilience, healing, and recovery from trauma. Sixty different protective factors viewed as potentially important to resilience, healing and recovery from trauma were identified by participants. (2) Following a review of the resilience literature, 75 items were reviewed and revised, with additional items developed by the focus group. (3) The final outcome was 60 items selected for a preliminary version of the Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire, 50 of which made up 19 different subscales in addition to 10 single items. (4) Structured interviews were conducted with 81 help seeking Aboriginal clients recruited from the same health service. Preliminary psychometric assessment of the Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire was undertaken using Principal Components Analysis. Two component subscales were extracted with adequate internal consistency and good convergent and discriminant validity. For both subscales there were moderate to strong positive associations with empowerment, and moderate to strong negative associations with trauma symptom severity.ConclusionThe preliminary results are promising for a strength-based resilience measure developed from the knowledge of Aboriginal practitioners and staff of a counselling service. Further research to address some psychometric limitations in the measure is required. A larger sample size will allow for a common factor analysis to be conducted. The Aboriginal Resilience Recovery Questionnaire has potential to assist Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisations and other organisations to evaluate whether services and programs can effectively support community members to strengthen individual, relational, community and cultural resilience resources.

Place de la santé sexuelle en médecine générale

ObjectiveAssessment of the practices and knowledge of general practitioners in Bouches-du-Rhône and Vaucluse regarding their patients's sexual health. MethodA descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among general practitioners in Bouches-du-Rhône and Vaucluse from January 12, 2023 to February 9, 2023. A questionnaire was developed and sent to general practitioners practicing in Bouches-du-Rhône and Vaucluse. It was distributed by personal and professional emails and numbers, and Bouches-du-Rhône and Vaucluse's medical order. The questionnaire was divided into three parts: the first collected demographic and epidemiological data, the second assessed knowledge and practices of general practitioners regarding the sexual health, and the last evaluated practitioner's obstacles to talking about sexual health. ResultsNinety-nine general practitioners responded to the questionnaire (99/276, 35.9%). In all, 30.3% obtained a rate of correct answers>60%. The general practitioners with the best response rates had training in sexology or a degree in gynecology (P=0.0109). In their practices, some topics such as contraception for adolescents, the reassessment of contraception, the search for vulvuvaginal disorders in postmenopausal patients are more addressed by doctors and in particular those of the female sex. Other topics such as sexual violence, male sexual dysfunction and sexual health in patients over 70 are less discussed in consultation. ConclusionThe care of sexual health is an important part of global health, specific to the profession of general practitioner. The results of our study suggest that the knowledge and practices of general practitioners in Bouches-du-Rhône and Vaucluse, are perfectible. The establishment of professional training, consultation dedicated to prevention, or even better awareness of sexual health professionals would promote a better screening.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding enteric fever among doctors of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University

Background: Enteric fever remains a significant public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Understanding the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of general practitioners regarding enteric fever is crucial for effective disease management and control. This study aims to assess these aspects among general practitioners, providing insights into current practices and identifying areas for improvement. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted with 200 general practitioners. The questionnaire covered various aspects, including baseline characteristics, knowledge about enteric fever causative agents and symptoms, diagnostic practices, antibiotic preferences, and general attitudes towards management and prevention. Data were analyzed to determine the prevalence of specific knowledge and practices. Results: Majority of practitioners (74%) were residents, predominantly working indoors (61.5%). All respondents correctly identified Salmonella typhi and para typhi as causative agents and fever as a primary symptom. However, there was variability in recognizing other symptoms and diagnostic methods. Ceftriaxon was the most preferred antibiotic (67%), and blood culture correctly identified as gold standard for diagnosis by 71% of respondents. Attitudes and practices varied, with significant number not adhering to recommended diagnostic and treatment protocols. Conclusions: The study reveals a solid foundation of basic knowledge about enteric fever among general practitioners but also highlights significant gaps in the understanding of clinical symptoms, diagnostic practices, and treatment protocols. These findings underscore the need for enhanced educational initiatives and standardized guidelines to improve the management of enteric fever.

Needs and challenges among general practitioners in the management of actinic keratosis: a qualitative study

BackgroundBecause of the increasing incidence of actinic keratosis (AK), optimal use of limited healthcare resources is essential. Although most patients can be managed in primary care, dermatology referrals are common. More profound knowledge of general practitioners’ (GPs) considerations might assist in enhancing AK care.MethodsThe aim of the current study was to gain insight into AK management in primary care by exploring the needs and challenges among GPs in the Netherlands. A qualitative study was conducted based on semi-structured in-depth interviews with 15 conveniently sampled Dutch GPs, focusing on the needs and challenges in AK management. A literature-informed, predefined topic list guided the interviews, which were recorded, transcribed ad verbatim, and thematically analysed using the Framework Method.ResultsAll GPs reported AK to be a clinical diagnosis and most GPs indicated that most AK patients could be managed in primary care. Cryotherapy was preferred and experience with 5-FU therapy was limited. Most GPs applied cryotherapy without discussing other treatment options with patients. Reasons for dermatology referrals included an incomplete treatment response, extensive lesions, difficult-to-treat areas, and serious doubts about the diagnosis. GPs reported a need for more education, especially on 5-FU therapy. Their main challenges were dealing with diagnostic uncertainty, treating extensive lesions, managing treatment-related skin reactions, and reconciling patient misconceptions.ConclusionsThis study shows various AK management approaches among Dutch GPs with suboptimal guideline compliance due to diverse underlying barriers. It suggests that more education might contribute to a more standardised and uniform AK management and supports further transition of AK care from hospital to primary care.

정책평가 방법론으로의 시스템 다이내믹스

Setting up a mental model to run system dynamics has the following advantages in analyzing policy effects. First, it distinguishes between conditions given exogenously and conditions arising from endogenous operations within the system, thus helping to identify which variables policies can focus on. Second, by distinguishing and utilizing the relationships of more realistic variables, it clarifies the identification problem of individual policies arising from the mix of policy effects that occur in the process of simplifying the system. This allows for clearer comparative analysis of each effect. Of course, the final product is to see what characteristics and relationships each variable has dynamically through simulation. However, this paper focused more on what is needed in the process of obtaining fundamental policy implications rather than introducing and explaining such problems. That is, the correct setting of the mental model using the CLD (Causal Loop Diagram) and SFD (Stock Flow Diagram) should precede the simulation, and for this, prior studies in the modeling field, theoretical studies, and knowledge of practitioners’ practical experiences must be fully equipped. Through this, you can know which of the variables becomes a temporal link, what the relationships and characteristics between the variables should be, and what policy ultimately needs to be identified. Only by verifying this can a feasible simulation model be completed.

Health outcomes in those who have been victims of knife crime: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

IntroductionKnife-enabled crime is a UK public health issue leading to substantial impacts on society, victims and their families, as well as additional strain on the healthcare system. Despite the increase...

Uncovering the Hidden: A Study on Incidental Findings on CBCT Scans Leading to External Referrals

ObjectivesThis project aims to determine the prevalence of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) findings requiring referral. Additionally, the goal is to establish a reference standard protocol for incidental findings, outlining indications for further investigation and management protocol. MethodsPatients records from the Advanced Imaging Centre at the School of Dentistry, University of Alberta, underwent systematic examination to identify CBCT incidental findings. Radiographic findings requiring referral were categorised into 8 anatomic zones. Analysis assessed prevalence and a management protocol was developed for significant findings. Inferential analyses were conducted to determine the frequency and prevalence of specific findings requiring further investigation. ResultsA total of 1260 CBCT interpretive reports were analysed. The most prevalent radiographic findings outside the areas of interest were found in the cervical vertebrae (18%), followed by the sinuses (15%), temporomandibular joints (8%), jaw lesions (7%), airway (5%), teeth (5%), soft tissue calcifications (5%), and other (1%). ConclusionsFindings most commonly requiring external referral included carotid atheroma (2.7%), cervical vertebrae osteoarthritis (0.97%), jaw lesions (0.86%), adenoid and/or tonsillar hypertrophy (0.86%), and paranasal sinus pathology (0.73%). Increased medicolegal awareness and practitioner knowledge contribute to the rising number of CBCT-identified radiographic findings outside the area of concern. The study addresses the debate on reporting all CBCT/radiographic findings by exploring their prevalence and providing protocols. These guidelines assist dentists in identification, decision-making, and referral processes.

Beyond the regulatory radar: knowledge and practices of rural medical practitioners in Bangladesh

BackgroundInformal and unregulated rural medical practitioners (RMPs) provide healthcare services to about two-thirds of people in Bangladesh, although their service is assumed to be substandard by qualified providers. As the RMPs are embedded in the local community and provide low-cost services, their practice pattern demands investigation to identify the shortfalls and design effective strategies to ameliorate the service.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 2015–16 using a convenient sample from all 64 districts of Bangladesh. Personnel practising modern medicine, without any recognized training, or with recognized training but practising outside their defined roles, and without any regulatory oversight were invited to take part in the study. Appropriateness of the diagnosis and the rationality of antibiotic and other drug use were measured as per the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness guideline.ResultsWe invited 1004 RMPs, of whom 877 consented. Among them, 656 (74.8%) RMPs owned a drugstore, 706 (78.2%) had formal education below higher secondary level, and 844 (96.2%) had informal training outside regulatory oversight during or after induction into the profession. The most common diseases encountered by them were common cold, pneumonia, and diarrhoea. 583 (66.5%) RMPs did not dispense any antibiotic for common cold symptoms. 59 (6.7%) and 64 (7.3%) of them could identify all main symptoms of pneumonia and diarrhoea, respectively. In pneumonia, 28 (3.2%) RMPs dispensed amoxicillin as first-line treatment, 819 (93.4%) dispensed different antibiotics including ceftriaxone, 721 (82.2%) dispensed salbutamol, and 278 (31.7%) dispensed steroid. In diarrhoea, 824 (94.0%) RMPs dispensed antibiotic, 937 (95.4%) dispensed ORS, 709 (80.8%) dispensed antiprotozoal, and 15 (1.7%) refrained from dispensing antibiotic and antiprotozoal together.ConclusionsInappropriate diagnoses, irrational use of antibiotics and other drugs, and polypharmacy were observed in the practising pattern of RMPs. The government and other stakeholders should acknowledge them as crucial partners in the healthcare sector and consider ways to incorporate them into curative and preventive care.

Оцінка обізнаності щодо діагностики та менеджменту фарингіту в дітей серед лікарів загальної практики

Sore throat and pharyngitis account for up to 5.0% of all medical visits to a general practitioner. The etiology of pharyngitis in both adults and children is dominated by viruses, but in 20.0-30.0% of children the cause may be bacteria, most often the Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus. Purpose - to assess the knowledge of general practitioners regarding the diagnosis and management of pharyngitis in children, to determine further ways to increase their level of awareness. Materials and methods. A survey of 60 general practitioners in the Ternopil region of Ukraine was conducted to determine their awareness of the diagnosis and management of pharyngitis in children. The questionnaire and statistical methods were used. Results. In total, 45.0% of general practitioners in individual cases prescribed bacteriological cultures from the oropharynx to patients with acute pharyngitis. However, they rarely (6.7%) used the Center or McIsaac criteria to choose a treatment strategy for acute pharyngitis. Antibiotic therapy for the treatment of pharyngitis was used in individual cases by 86.7% of respondents. Amoxicillin was chosen as a first-line antibiotic by 38.3% of respondents, while protected aminopenicillins were chosen by 36.6%. Only 10.0% of general practitioners indicated a 10-day course of antibiotic therapy. A little more than half of the correct answers were to questions related to the appointment of antibacterial therapy to healthy children in whom the Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus was detected during bacteriological examination or an increased level of antistreptolysin-O in the blood. Conclusions. The results of our study showed a different level of knowledge of general practitioners regarding some aspects of diagnosis and management of pharyngitis in children. Insufficient knowledge was demonstrated regarding the possibilities of diagnosing the streptococcal etiology of pharyngitis, in particular the use of both clinical and laboratory research methods. Despite good knowledge about prescribing antibacterial therapy, poor awareness about the duration of antibacterial therapy and incomplete knowledge about the choice of antibacterial agent are shown. Relatively satisfactory knowledge was demonstrated regarding the strategy of management of streptococcal carriage in healthy children. The presented data indicate the need to improve the awareness of general practitioners regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pharyngitis, taking into account the modern complications of streptococcal infection. The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.

Academics meet practitioners: Interactive exchange instead of consuming knowledge on dairy calving management.

Consensus on optimal calving management is difficult to achieve among veterinarians. Some of this discordance may stem from asymmetry between the literature written by subject matter experts (SME) and the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of non-SMEs and veterinary practitioners. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess how veterinary practitioners KAPs in calving management compared with the findings in the literature. An online questionnaire survey was conducted prior to a World Buiatrics Congress by delegates (n = 80) who attended a workshop on calving management at which the outcomes of the latter were recorded. The responses from the questionnaire and the consensus from the workshop were compared and these were compared with the literature on calving management, specifically, prediction of calving, assistance at calving and farmer training in calving management. In general, there was good agreement between the aggregated individual responses to the questionnaire and the consensuses from the workshop. The suggested methods of predicting calving were well aligned between practitioners and those researched in the literature but practitioners tended to emphasize more practical aspects of prediction while the literature tends to focus more on the effectiveness of various predictor devices. Practitioners tended to recommend a later time of calving assistance than that recommended in the recent literature though they did also emphasize the importance of calving progress. The majority of practitioners conducted informal (at calving) calving training focusing on time of intervention, welfare-friendly intervention and delivery of a live healthy calf. However, the educational literature recommends a formal training approach as being more effective. These findings indicate that practitioners may benefit from continuing professional education on the scientific merits/demerits of calving prediction devices, current best practice on intervention timing during calving and formal methods of farmer training on calving management.

Equity-related ‘knots’ in theory of change development: Conceptualization and case illustrations

Theory of change (ToC) is an approach widely used to guide planning, implementing, and evaluating change initiatives. While there is substantial guidance, there has been little attention on equity within ToC research and practice. We propose and illustrate the metaphor of ‘knots’ to frame practical and ethical challenges that arise when centering equity within ToC processes. Drawing on our experiences using a ToC approach in two case examples, we identify and illustrate five equity-related knots: (a) clarify root causes, pathways, and success; (b) facilitate participation across power and perspective differences; (c) integrate research evidence and practitioner knowledge; (d) represent complex change visually; and (e) creatively navigate constraints. We show why framing these as knots can help practitioners make wise judgments within the circumstances and close with recommendations for including knots in ToC processes, reporting, and guidance.

Oral manifestations of syphilis: Knowledge and skills of senior dental students and newly graduated dentists.

To evaluate the knowledge of senior dental students and newly graduated dentists about the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of oral manifestations of syphilis. A 32-question questionnaire was designed with three domains: (I) demographic, academic and professional data of the participants, (II) attitudes, practices and self-perception regarding training about syphilis and (III) knowledge about syphilis. All knowledge responses were classified as correct or incorrect. Scores ranging from 1 to 14 were calculated, and grades were assigned to each participant according to their level of knowledge. The sample comprised 408 dental students and 339 newly graduated dentists. The mean score was 7.70 ± 3.35 for undergraduates and 9.09 ± 3265 for dentists. The highest frequency of correct answers (>70%) was attributed to questions about the aetiology, transmission and treatment of syphilis. The questions with the lowest frequency of correct answers (<50%) were about the identification of oral manifestations and stages of syphilis. The knowledge of dental practitioners and academics about the oral manifestations of syphilis was unsatisfactory. The lack of understanding of these aspects can delay the diagnosis and treatment of patients with this disease, which is concerning given the steady increase in cases in recent years.

Services for Homeless Youth during COVID-19: The Case of a Canadian Community

This exploratory study aimed to understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected a medium-sized community’s frontline workers in the Canadian youth homelessness services sector. This study phenomenological case study elicited practitioner knowledge and experience in servicing homeless youth in a medium-sized community – Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. Two in-depth focus groups were conducted with a convenience sample of participants (N = 9). Thematic analysis revealed five overarching themes: a) Community Connection, b) COVID-19 Challenges and Services, c) Provider Well-being, d) Successes, and e) Youth Services and Housing. The results illustrate the early impact of COVID-19 on service providers and provision for youth experiencing homelessness, and the adaptations needed to provide them with services during this time. Replication of this research into other regions and social services is recommended. Future research that provides a retrospective account would offer a valuable point of comparison of providing social services to homeless youth during and after COVID-19 public restrictions.

Contemporary management and awareness of cardiac implantable electronic device infection: a European survey

Abstract Background Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) infections pose a significant risk to patient health and can be life-threatening. Despite this, there exist significant disparities in knowledge and a lack of adherence to established guidelines regarding their management and prevention. Purpose In order to gather valuable insights into overall awareness of CIED infections and the current practice patterns in Europe, we conducted a survey aimed at evaluating the knowledge and skills of healthcare practitioners and identifying areas that require improvement. Methods A double-blinded online survey was conducted among General Cardiologists (GCs) and Electrophysiologists (EPs) in Europe who were not skilled in lead extraction, and in full-time, active practice between April and May, 2022. The survey collected key demographic data and used multiple-choice questions as well as two clinical vignettes to assess the skills and knowledge. Results In total, 240 physicians (120 EPs and 120 GCs) from four European countries (Germany, UK, Italy, and France) responded to the survey. About 83% of the physicians were affilicated with public hospitals. On average, EPs had 16 years and GCs had 17 years in practice, with experience managing 305 and 233 CIED patients, respectively. The majority of the respondents (87% EPs, 84% GCs) would replace the full device in the case of a system infection. However, when dealing with pocket infection with negative blood culture and no fever, only about 36% of EPs and 20% GCs would recommend complete system replacement, with GCs more likely to only replace the device without lead removal. Most EPs (92%) were familiar with EHRA/HRS guidelines for CIED lead management and extraction. Significantly more EPs in Germany (27%) were unfamiliar compared to EPs from other three countries (0%, 0% and 3% for UK, Italy and France, respectively). Overall, less GCs (89%) were familiar with guidelines, with significantly more UK GCs (27%) unfamiliar compared to GCs from Italy (7%) and France (0%). Majority of physicians (83% EPs and 82% GCs) believe that Class I indications for lead management are frequently adhered to in their facility, with more physicians in France (40%) believing that their facility always adheres as compared to those in other countries (7%, 7%, and 17% for Germany, UK and Italy, respectively). Conclusions Although there is a high familarty with guidelines for CIED lead management and extraction, gaps in adherence to infection management recommendations in practice still exist. There is a need of education to increase guideline awareness and understanding of the severity of pocket infection, especially among GCs and physicians in certain countries.