Knowledge Translation Resources Research Articles

Implementation of a clinical reasoning blueprint: Knowledge translation resources.

Implementation of a clinical reasoning blueprint: Knowledge translation resources.

IMPAACT: IMproving the PArticipAtion of older people in policy decision-making on common health CondiTions – a study protocol

IntroductionRapid population ageing is a demographic trend being experienced and documented worldwide. While increased health screening and assessment may help mitigate the burden of illness in older people, issues such...

Bridging evidence-to-care gaps with mHealth: Designing a symptom checker for parents accessing knowledge translation resources on acute children's illnesses in a smartphone application.

Smartphone applications offer a novel platform for delivering health information to parents. This study created and evaluated an app-based symptom checker that recommends educational tools to parents based on their child's symptoms. Symptoms extracted from 23 knowledge translation (KT) tools for 10 children's illnesses comprised a set of plain-language symptoms. The symptom checker works by producing confusion matrices evaluating a child's reported symptoms against possible illnesses, comparing precision scores to examine how well each illness matched reported symptoms, and ordering possible illnesses by performance score. Performance was evaluated by extracting symptoms from 8 clinical vignettes, and examining correct first-try matches. We created a final list of 54 plain-language symptoms. Visualizations of the symptom set creation process and logic mapping are presented, as well as images of the working symptom checker. The symptom checker matched 100% (8/8) of tested clinical vignettes to the appropriate illness resource. Symptom checkers are a potentially useful tool to integrate into apps that parents use for their children's health. The design of these systems has the potential to change parents' relationship with technology, affecting both their adoption and acceptance of symptom checkers. Our design choices contribute to addressing current barriers to the adoption of symptom checkers, reducing functional, critical, and interactive literacy requirements for parents.

How do speech pathologists use the Australian Aphasia Rehabilitation Pathway to inform practice? A qualitative study

ABSTRACT Background Packaged evidence syntheses such as Best Practice Statements are important knowledge translation tools for improving healthcare provision. The Australian Aphasia Rehabilitation Pathway (AARP) is an online tool (www.aphasiapathway.com.au) based on the Aphasia Rehabilitation Best Practice Statements, developed to guide evidence-based aphasia services across the continuum of care. However, there has been no formal evaluation of the AARP’s implementation to date. Therefore, it is currently unknown whether and how speech pathologists use the AARP to guide their aphasia management practices, and how it can be enhanced to meet clinicians’ needs. Aims To explore Australian speech pathologists’ perceptions of (1) the usability and utility of the AARP, (2) how the AARP is currently used to inform aphasia management practices, (3) the potential impact of the AARP, and (4) how the AARP could be enhanced to meet clinicians’ identified needs. Methods and Procedures Semi-structured interviews guided by a framework for the development, implementation, evaluation, and reporting of online knowledge translation resources (Levac et al., 2015) were conducted with Australian speech pathologists working in aphasia services. Interviews were conducted via Zoom and accompanied by observations of participants’ self-navigation of the AARP. Qualitative content analysis of interview transcripts consisted of a combined deductive and inductive analytic approach. Outcomes and Results Eleven speech pathologists participated, who worked in predominantly public services in various clinical settings (acute, rehabilitation, and community) and had between 1 and 30 years of clinical experience. Cumulative AARP use over the previous 12-month period varied from 15 minutes to 10 hours. Participants identified a range of AARP benefits, such as being a source of knowledge and evidence, providing an overview of the patient journey, and providing resources. The AARP was used as a service improvement tool, a learning tool, and for accessing evidence, and was perceived to have direct and indirect impacts on knowledge and practice. Participants also recommended a number of enhancements to the AARP’s content and design to improve translation and clinical relevance, including updated recommendations, additional implementation resources, and improvements to layout and navigation. Conclusions The Australian Aphasia Rehabilitation Pathway was perceived as a valuable tool to inform evidence-based aphasia management. In order to remain relevant and useful, updated recommendations and links to clinically relevant resources are required. The suggested changes to content and design will inform an update of the AARP, which may in turn facilitate enhanced translation of evidence into practice and improve aphasia services.

Development of a video-based evidence synthesis knowledge translation resource: Drawing on a user-centred design approach.

We aimed to develop a video animation knowledge translation (KT) resource to explain the purpose, use and importance of evidence synthesis to the public regarding healthcare decision-making. We drew on a user-centred design approach to develop a spoken animated video (SAV) by conducting two cycles of idea generation, prototyping, user testing, analysis, and refinement. Six researchers identified the initial key messages of the SAV and informed the first draft of the storyboard and script. Seven members of the public provided input on this draft and the key messages through think-aloud interviews, which we used to develop an SAV prototype. Seven additional members of the public participated in think-aloud interviews while watching the video prototype. All members of the public also completed a questionnaire on perceived usefulness, desirability, clarity and credibility. We subsequently synthesised all data to develop the final SAV. Researchers identified the initial key messages as 1) the importance of evidence synthesis, 2) what an evidence synthesis is and 3) how evidence synthesis can impact healthcare decision-making. Members of the public rated the initial video prototype as 9/10 for usefulness, 8/10 for desirability, 8/10 for clarity and 9/10 for credibility. Using their guidance and feedback, we produced a three-and-a-half-minute video animation. The video was uploaded on YouTube, has since been translated into two languages, and viewed over 12,000 times to date. Drawing on user-centred design methods provided a structured and transparent approach to the development of our SAV. Involving members of the public enhanced the credibility and usefulness of the resource. Future work could explore involving the public from the outset to identify key messages in developing KT resources explaining methodological topics. This study describes the systematic development of a KT resource with limited resources and provides transferrable learnings for others wishing to do similar.

Using participatory research to co‐create the dementia‐inclusive choices for exercise toolkit

AbstractBackgroundExercise improves functional abilities of persons living with dementia (PLWD) and provides an opportunity for social engagement, support, and inclusion. Yet, there are few exercise programs available to PLWD, especially in smaller communities. The goal of the Dementia‐Inclusive Choices for Exercise (DICE) project was to use participatory processes to create evidence‐informed knowledge translation (KT) resources to increase the number and quality of exercise opportunities for PLWD.MethodThe DICE core team includes PLWD, a family care partner (CP), exercise providers (EPs), dementia service providers (DSPs), health care professionals, and researchers. In the early project stages, we confirmed objectives and conducted 1 survey, 2 interviews, 16 focus groups to better understand barriers to and supports needed for exercise among PLWD. Results led to the prioritizing of primary (EPs) and secondary (PLWD & CP) target audiences for the KT resources. Co‐creation of the KT resources followed several steps: 1) drafting content and possible formats for resources over several core team meetings; 2) conducting a one‐day workshop with additional PLWD, CPs, EPs, and DSPs to develop a comprehensive plan for the content and format for each resource, target audience, and dissemination strategies; 3) using iterative design among the core team, resource developers, and additional PLWD, CPs, EPs, and DSPs to develop resources; and 4) usability testing.ResultKey information to be translated included understanding the diversity of dementia, rights of PLWD to inclusion, physical activity guidelines/benefits, and dementia‐inclusive communication, practices, and design. This information is delivered through the DICE toolkit, which includes a website, on‐line training modules and manual targeted at exercise providers, destigmatizing videos that show the stories of PLWD, and resources for PLWD and their CPs to increase knowledge and confidence regarding exercise. Subsequent usability testing among EPs, PLWD, and CPs (n=7) identified design and content adjustments. Collaborative and inclusive decision making created improved relationships and ongoing learning between all stakeholders.ConclusionThe participatory approach of the DICE project enabled stakeholders to identify and share perspectives and needs throughout the co‐creation process. Working collaboratively and iteratively with a diverse team ensured that the DICE toolkit is relevant and usable to EPs, PLWD, and CPs.

Knowledge translation resources to support the use of quality of life assessment tools for the care of older adults living at home and their family caregivers

PurposeTo support the use of quality of life (QOL) assessment tools for older adults, we developed knowledge translation (KT) resources tailored for four audiences: (1) older adults and their family caregivers (micro), (2) healthcare providers (micro), (3) healthcare managers and leaders (meso), and (4) government leaders and decision-makers (macro). Our objectives were to (1) describe knowledge gaps and resources and (2) develop corresponding tailored KT resources to support use of QOL assessment tools by each of the micro-, meso-, and macro-audiences.MethodsData were collected in two phases through semi-structured interviews/focus groups with the four audiences in Canada. Data were analyzed using qualitative description analysis. KT resources were iteratively refined through formative evaluation.ResultsOlder adults and family caregivers (N = 12) wanted basic knowledge about what “QOL assessment” meant and how it could improve their care. Healthcare providers (N = 13) needed practical solutions on how to integrate QOL assessment tools in their practice. Healthcare managers and leaders (N = 14) desired information about using patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) and patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) in healthcare programs and quality improvement. Government leaders and decision-makers (N = 11) needed to know how to access, use, and interpret PROM and PREM information for decision-making purposes. Based on these insights and evidence-based sources, we developed KT resources to introduce QOL assessment through 8 infographic brochures, 1 whiteboard animation, 1 live-action video, and a webpage.ConclusionOur study affirms the need to tailor KT resources on QOL assessment for different audiences. Our KT resources are available: www.healthyqol.com/older-adults.

Making Lived-Experience Research Accessible: A Design Thinking Approach to Co-Creating Knowledge Translation Resources Based on Evidence.

Mental health lived-experience research illuminates the perspectives and experiences of people who live with mental illness. However, little is known about how useful people with lived experience of mental illness/distress might find lived-experience research, nor what the best formats are to bring it to their attention. This paper describes the STELLER study (Supporting the Translation into Everyday Life of Lived-Experience Research), which explores the translation of lived-experience research in the lives of people living with mental illness. Our aim was to use a design thinking approach to develop a range of user-friendly formats to disseminate lived-experience research. A staged design thinking approach was used to develop a translation strategy for lived-experience research. We explored empathy via consumer consultation to understand their perspectives on lived-experience research, refined the design aim, research questions and generated ideas with consumers and mental health professionals, identified the evidence based on lived experience-authored journal articles, worked with design students and peer workers to create a suite of resources and developed prototypes tailored to individual settings and clients. Participatory design thinking strategies are essential to identify the best ways to translate evidence-based lived-experience research via accessible, lay-friendly resources targeted to individuals impacted by mental illness. This study is the first to investigate the feasibility and usefulness of bringing the findings of lived-experience research to individuals impacted by mental illness/distress. It provides evidence about a potentially important source of information that can be used to facilitate their recovery.

Lyme Disease Training and Knowledge Translation Resources Available to Canadian Healthcare Professionals: A Gray Literature Review

Introduction:Lyme Disease (LD) is the most common tick-borne disease in North America. With the number of cases increasing yearly, Canadian healthcare professionals (HCP) rely on up-to-date and evidence-informed guidelines, instruction, and resources to effectively prevent, diagnose, and treat Lyme disease (LD). This review is the first of its kind to examine gray literature and analyze the diversity of recommendations provided to Canadian HCP about the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease.Methods:A gray literature review consisting of 4 search strategies was conducted to retrieve materials targeted to Canadian HCP. Searches within targeted websites, targeted Google searches, and gray literature databases, and consultation with content experts were done to look for continuing medical education (CME) events, clinical flow charts, webinars, videos, and reference documents that discussed the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of Lyme disease.Results:A total of 115 resources were included in this study. Recommendations surrounding prevention strategies were less varied between materials, whereas diagnosis and treatment recommendations were more varied. Our findings suggest that Canadian HCP are met with varying and sometimes contradictory recommendations for diagnosing and treating LD.Conclusions:Due to the increasing incidence of LD in Canada, there is a greater need for resource consistency. Providing this consistency may help mitigate LD burden, standardize approaches to prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and improve patient outcomes.

Defining the Scope of Knowledge Translation Within a National, Patient-Oriented Kidney Research Network.

Purpose of program:Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) is a collaborative approach whereby knowledge created through health research is utilized in ways that are relevant to the needs of all stakeholders. However, research teams have limited capacity and know-how for achieving IKT, resulting in a disconnect between the generation and application of knowledge. The goal of this report is to describe how IKT research was achieved across a large-scale, patient-oriented research network, Canadians Seeking Solutions and Innovations to Overcome Chronic Kidney Disease (Can-SOLVE CKD).Sources of information:Resources to facilitate knowledge translation (KT) planning across the network were developed by the Can-SOLVE CKD Knowledge User/Knowledge Translation Committee with reference to established Canadian KT and patient engagement tools and frameworks, review of the published and gray literature, and expertise of committee members.Methods:The Can-SOLVE CKD Knowledge User/Knowledge Translation Committee consisting of patient partners, health care providers, policymakers, and researchers provided oversight of the development and implementation of the network’s IKT initiatives. Guided by its strategic framework, the committee developed KT planning templates and review checklists to assist network projects with preparing for dissemination, implementation, and scale and spread of their interventions. The committee has acted in a consultative capacity to facilitate IKT across network initiatives and has supported capacity building through KT activities aimed at network membership and knowledge users more broadly.Key findings:The Can-SOLVE CKD Knowledge User/Knowledge Translation Committee established a nation-wide strategy for KT infrastructure and capacity building. Acting as a knowledge intermediary, the committee has connected research teams with knowledge users across Canada to support practices and policies informed by evidence generated by the network. The committee has developed KT initiatives, including a Community of Practice, whereby participants across different regions and disciplines convene regularly to share health research knowledge and communications strategies relevant to the network. Critically, patients are engaged and contribute throughout the research process. Examples of IKT activities from select projects are provided, as well as ways for sustaining the network’s KT platform.Limitations:The KT resources developed by the committee were adapted from other established resources to meet the needs of the network and have not undergone formal evaluation in this context. Given the broad scope of the network, resources to facilitate implementation and knowledge user engagement may not meet the needs of all initiatives and must be tailored accordingly. Knowledge barriers, including a lack of information and skills related to conceptual and practical aspects of KT, among network members provided a rationale for various KT capacity–building initiatives.Implications:The approach described here offers a practical method for achieving IKT, including how to plan, implement, and sustain initiatives across large-scale health research networks. Within the context of Can-SOLVE CKD, these efforts will shorten knowledge-practice gaps through producing and applying relevant research to improve the lives of people living with kidney disease.

Knowledge Translation of Aerobic Exercise as an alternative treatment for Major Depressive Disorder in Adults

Background: Depression is a leading cause of disability globally, and evaluating alternative treatments for depression and communicating results through knowledge translation resources is important. Purpose: This student-driven, evidence-based review is a supplementary narrative to a knowledge translation video that is designed to educate the general public with regards to the use of aerobic exercise as an alternative treatment for depression in adults. Results: Evidence indicates that aerobic exercise is equally as effective as pharmacotherapy or psychotherapy for the treatment of depression. Conclusion: The effectiveness of aerobic exercise as an alternative treatment to pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy is examined. Evidence based dosage recommendations for patients are discussed.

From knowledge translation theory to practice: developing an evidence to care hub in a pediatric rehabilitation setting

Purpose: Ensuring evidence-informed care happens systematically and consistently is not easy in complex health facilities. This paper describes the evolution of knowledge translation infrastructure (Evidence to Care) within a pediatric rehabilitation hospital to address barriers to evidence-informed decision-making and accelerate research uptake to influence clinical care.Methods: Development of Evidence to Care involved a series of steps integrating knowledge translation principles, best evidence and stakeholder needs. Key aspects included: recognizing health system drivers and organizational enablers; establishing organizational structures and processes; building and operationalizing a strategic vision through activities and demonstration projects; and evaluating impact.Results: By way of a fully realized working model, two large-scale demonstration projects aligned with the Knowledge-to-Action Cycle have been completed. Audit findings demonstrate tangible examples of improving healthcare quality through investment in knowledge translation resources, processes and tailored evidence products. Critical enablers of this infrastructure include strong leadership commitment and ongoing direction, a dedicated expert team, alignment with strategic priorities and situated within organizational structures to link research, clinical care and education.Conclusions: With a replicable model, Evidence to Care addresses established health system barriers related to time, resources, skill and knowledge through dedicated knowledge translation specialists and knowledge brokers to facilitate knowledge translation practice.Implications for rehabilitationDeveloping dedicated knowledge translation infrastructure is both novel and relatively new in healthcare.Sharing step by step processes helps other organizations learn from field-tested experiences of what works and what doesn’t in a particular setting.Involving stakeholders at all levels of an organization is key to valuing knowledge translation and fostering an evidence-friendly culture.Co-creating tailored knowledge products and planning for dissemination and uptake fosters inter-disciplinary collaboration and joint problem-solving among clients, families and providers.

OA09.01 5As to 3As: Evolution of the Systematic Approach to Smoking Cessation in Ontario’s Regional Cancer Centres

Smoking is responsible for approximately 30% of all cancer deaths in Canada, and more than 85% of lung cancer cases. Cancer patients who continue to smoke experience decreased treatment efficacy and safety, increased toxicities, greater risk of cancer recurrence and second primaries, poorer quality of life, and decreased survival. Evidence suggests that quitting smoking after diagnosis can significantly reduce these adverse effects. In 2012, Cancer Care Ontario (CCO) introduced a Framework for Smoking Cessation to be implemented across the province’s 14 Regional Cancer Centres (RCCs). In 2017, the Framework was revised from a 5As (Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) to a 3As (Ask, Advise, Act) brief intervention model. The transition to a 3As model was based on emerging evidence, feedback from CCO’s Smoking Cessation Advisory Committee and Regional Smoking Cessation Champions, as well as learnings from a preliminary program evaluation. The revised Framework recommended an “opt-out” approach to referring smokers to cessation services. Following an environmental scan and site visit with each RCC to assess the current state, site-specific action plans were developed to promote alignment with the revised Framework. Action steps were given priority ratings in the areas of data capture, referrals, and resources. Two phone calls were held with each RCC to monitor progress on action plan implementation. Knowledge translation resources were created to support healthcare providers’ uptake of the 3As model. Smoking cessation interventions are often perceived by health care providers as time-consuming; the 3As model made the intervention briefer but no less effective. Over 3,000 knowledge translation resources were distributed to support healthcare providers working directly with cancer patients, including pocket cards and posters with suggested scripts. While the revised Framework officially launched in April 2018, early adopters of the 3As model and opt-out approach have seen improved performance on the Accepted a Referral indicator (proportion of smokers who accepted a referral to cessation services). In 2017, one RCC’s rate tripled from 10.1% to 30.9% in 6 months, while another improved from 13.2% to 36.9% in the same period. To improve program effectiveness, CCO’s smoking cessation initiative transitioned from a 5As to a 3As model and an opt-out referral process. Frontline staff have indicated a willingness to adopt the simplified approach, and early results show a promising increase in the number of smokers who are connected to smoking cessation services.

The evolution of Cochrane evidence summaries in health communication and participation: seeking and responding to stakeholder feedback

Knowledge translation resources that summarise and disseminate systematic review findings can support evidence into policy and practice. Since 2007, we have produced Evidence Bulletins; brief, web-based summaries of Cochrane Reviews published by Cochrane Consumers and Communication. Evidence Bulletins are designed for health decision makers employed by or in representational roles within policy and practice settings, that is, policy makers, health professionals and consumer and carer representatives. In this paper, we describe the evolution of our Evidence Bulletins, including revisions made to ensure they reflect the latest research-based guidance on evidence summaries, the results of a subsequent evaluation, and how we incorporated the evaluation findings by making further revisions to the Evidence Bulletin development process and format. The main initial revision to the Evidence Bulletins was the addition of a new section, in which we explicitly considered the relevance of the evidence to the healthcare context in Victoria, Australia. To evaluate the Bulletins, we conducted structured feedback sessions at five Australian health services involving 14 staff and eight consumer representatives. Participants were invited to share their perceptions about the usefulness of the Bulletins and how they might use them for decision making. Although the Evidence Bulletin format, and the new Relevance section were broadly endorsed by both stakeholder groups, a number of suggestions for improvement were identified. As preferences varied somewhat between the two groups; specifically identifying the intended audience for each Bulletin and seeking the input of the nominated stakeholder group in the development may improve usefulness.

Resources to address stigma related to sexuality, substance use and sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections.

Stigma is widely recognized as a significant barrier to the prevention, management and treatment of sexually transmitted and blood-borne infections (STBBIs) in Canada. Despite major advances in STBBI prevention and treatment, and global efforts to reduce stigma, people living with or affected by STBBIs continue to experience stigma within health and social service settings in Canada. To describe the development, content and evaluation of knowledge translation resources and training workshops designed to equip health and social service professionals with the knowledge and skills needed to provide more respectful and inclusive sexual health, harm reduction and STBBI services. After conducting a literature review, environmental scan and key informant interviews, and developing a conceptual framework, the Canadian Public Health Association (CPHA) developed four knowledge translation resources and three training workshops in partnership with a number of community-based organizations and experts. The resources were drafted and reviewed by both service providers and individuals affected by STBBIs. The workshops were developed, piloted and then evaluated using post-workshop questionnaires. The four resources developed were a self-assessment tool related to STBBIs and stigma; a service provider discussion guide to facilitate respectful and inclusive discussions on issues related to sexuality, substance use and STBBIs; a toolkit focused on stigma reduction, privacy, confidentiality and the criminalization of HIV non-disclosure; and an organizational assessment tool related to STBBIs and stigma for health and social service settings. These knowledge translation resources were subsequently integrated into the content of three face-to-face trainings that were piloted and evaluated across the country. Post-workshop evaluation had an overall 85% response rate; 88% of participants noted increased awareness of various forms of stigma, 87% noted increased comfort discussing sexuality, substance use and harm reduction with their clients/patients, 90% reported increased awareness of organizational strategies to reduce stigma, and 93% reported being able to integrate workshop learnings into practice. In addition, there was strong support for professional development on issues related to STBBI stigma reduction. These knowledge translation resources and training workshops represent a comprehensive set of tools developed in Canada that service providers can use to help reduce stigma when caring for clients/patients with STBBIs and related conditions. Evaluation indicates there is a strong willingness among health and social service providers to engage in educational opportunities in this area and that participation in the training workshops led to increased awareness and a willingness to adopt best practices.

P084: “iPads on!”-Does the provision of iPad devices within an emergency department improve the frequency of access to departmental web KT resources?

Introduction: Barriers to implementing effective Knowledge Translation (KT) in Emergency Departments include lack of awareness, lack of time and limited access to resources. In our teaching hospital emergency department (ED), we implemented a new department website (www.sjrhem.ca) to provide improved access to our KT resources. Having published the website, we wanted to know if the addition of conveniently situated pre-configured iPads would increase access to the website from within the department. Methods: The website was developed and first published in April 2014. Two iPads (Apple Inc.) were preconfigured with icons linking directly to targeted pages on our website, including the physician schedule, academic calendar. The iPads were securely located at physician charting desks in October 2014. We used Google analytics to record of webpage visits for 25 weeks before and after the installation of the iPads. Comparisons of mean weekly visits were made using the Student T test (GraphPad Prism). Results: The mean weekly page views for the website increased after the installation of the iPads from a baseline of 103 (95%CI 83.9-121) to 198 (181-215); an increase of 95% (71-120; p<0001). Limiting analysis to devices utilising our hospital IP address we saw a 403% increase in mean weekly page views from 6.4 (4.35-8.45) to 32.2 (26.7-37.8; p<0001). There was a clear step increase in website access from the date of iPad installation. Comparing the increases in average weekly views for those pages with direct link iPad icons (Clinical 11.4 before, 16.6 after, 46%, Schedule 30, 39, 30%, Calendar 10.7, 46.3, 330%, Home 84.1, 115.4, 37%) to the top accessed pages without iPad icons (Research 4.3, 6.2, 44%, Ultrasound 4.9, 9.8, 100%) did not, other than for the calendar page, demonstrate an observable difference. However, when analysed by views originating the hospital IP address, the pages with iPad icons were responsible for 88% of landing pages. Over the last two years the department iPads were responsible for 17% of our page views, with 6 of the department guideline pages featuring in the top 20 pages viewed. Conclusion: Provision of preconfigured iPad devices within the clinical environment of a busy ED significantly increases access from within that environment to a department website.

Mo1846 - Evaluation of Knowledge Translation Resources for Patients about IBD and its Management

Mo1846 - Evaluation of Knowledge Translation Resources for Patients about IBD and its Management

Quality of clinical practice guidelines in delirium: a systematic appraisal

ObjectiveTo determine the accessibility and currency of delirium guidelines, guideline summary papers and evaluation studies, and critically appraise guideline quality.DesignSystematic literature search for formal guidelines (in English or French) with...

Implementing peer review at an emergency medicine blog: bridging the gap between educators and clinical experts.

Emergency physicians are leaders in the ''free open-access meducation'' (FOAM) movement. The mandate of FOAM is to create open-access education and knowledge translation resources for trainees and practicing physicians (e.g., blogs, podcasts, and vodcasts). Critics of FOAM have suggested that because such resources can be easily published online without quality control mechanisms, unreviewed FOAM resources may be erroneous or biased. We present a new initiative to incorporate open, expert, peer review into an established academic medical blog. Experts provided either pre- or postpublication reviews that were visible to blog readers. This article outlines the details of this initiative and discusses the potentially transformative impact of this educational innovation.

Type and Extent of Knowledge Translation Resources Published by Peer-Reviewed Rehabilitation Journals

Type and Extent of Knowledge Translation Resources Published by Peer-Reviewed Rehabilitation Journals