Knowledge To Action Framework Research Articles

Co-Producing the International Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (iPOEG) Toolkit with End-Users

The international Pediatric Oncology Exercise Guidelines (iPOEG) support physical activity among children and adolescents affected by cancer. Knowledge translation efforts are needed to ensure that those who will use and/or benefit from the iPOEG have access to it. This mixed-methods study followed co-production principles as guided by an integrated knowledge translation approach within the Knowledge to Action (KTA) Framework, to engage end-users (i.e., professionals and patients/caregivers) to: (1) identify the types of resources needed; (2) co-produce an iPOEG brand; (3) co-produce resources and content; and (4) co-produce dissemination plans to distribute the iPOEG Toolkit (i.e., resources and content). End-users indicated requiring resources such as posters, infographics, social media posts, and videos, and co-created resource content covering quick tips to get active and movement-related education and information. Generated strategies to disseminate the iPOEG Toolkit included: (1) academic presentations; (2) brief education sessions and facilitated discussions to different end-user groups; (3) engaging champions from different end-user groups; (4) emails and email reminders; (5) mainstream news outlets (e.g., newspaper, magazines, or segments on the television [i.e., local news]); and (6) social media. Co-production of the iPOEG Toolkit and dissemination plan were guided by two phases within the KTA framework to build tools that can promote the reach of the iPOEG, ultimately increasing physical activity in this population.

Barriers to Informational Support for Care Partners of People With Aphasia After Stroke.

Care partners of people with aphasia after stroke need various informational supports, such as aphasia education and resources for psychosocial support. However, informational support may vary across clinicians, and access to these supports remains a persistent unmet need. Using implementation science frameworks can help to assess the gap between what is known about an issue and what is occurring in practice. The aim was to identify barriers to providing informational support for care partners of people with aphasia after stroke. We performed a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected from two of our previous studies. New themes were identified by comparing feedback from both speech-language pathologists and care partners, and previously assigned codes were interpreted relative to the Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework. We identified four implementation themes that were specifically related to the action cycle of the KTA framework: (a) Aphasia rehabilitation tends to exclude care partners, (b) aphasia rehabilitation can be hard to understand, (c) structure is lacking for care partner check-ins, and (d) care partner informational support rarely extends beyond the acute phases of recovery. The results suggest that changes are needed at both systemic and care provider levels to ensure that tailored information is provided to care partners of people with aphasia.

Excellence in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education: Recommendations and Action Items.

This special communication identifies evidence-based recommendations and offers action items to facilitate the uptake of new knowledge from the National Study of Excellence in Pediatric Physical Therapy Education (NSE-Peds). The NSE-Peds identified a conceptual framework consisting of 4 key dimensions and associated elements that dynamically interact to prepare future physical therapists to meet the needs of society. The conceptual framework serves as the Knowledge Creation component of the knowledge to action (KTA) framework, but translation into practice requires the Action Cycle, the second component of the KTA framework. Recommendations and action items provide tangible products derived from the NSE-Peds conceptual framework for application in the Action Cycle. Using the KTA framework, implementation of the recommendations at the level of the individual, program, and organization should enhance pediatric physical therapy education and ultimately physical therapy care provided to children and families.

Developing the Driving and Dementia Roadmap: a knowledge-to-action process.

Despite three decades of research, gaps remain in meeting the needs of people with dementia and their family/friend carers as they navigate the often-tumultuous process of driving cessation. This paper describes the process of using a knowledge-to-action (KTA) approach to develop an educational web-based resource (i.e. toolkit), called the Driving and Dementia Roadmap (DDR), aimed at addressing some of these gaps. Aligned with the KTA framework, knowledge creation and action cycle activities informed the development of the DDR. These activities included systematic reviews; meta-synthesis of qualitative studies; interviews and focus groups with key stakeholders; development of a Driving and Dementia Intervention Framework (DD-IF); and a review and curation of publicly available resources and tools. An Advisory Group comprised of people with dementia and family carers provided ongoing feedback on the DDR's content and design. The DDR is a multi-component online toolkit that contains separate portals for current and former drivers with dementia and their family/friend carers. Based on the DD-IF, various topics of driving cessation are presented to accommodate users' diverse stages and needs in their experiences of decision-making and transitioning to non-driving. Guided by the KTA framework that involved a systematic and iterative process of knowledge creation and translation, the resulting person-centered, individualized and flexible DDR can bring much-needed support to help people with dementia and their families maintain their mobility, community access, and social and emotional wellbeing during and post-driving cessation.

Feasibility of Increasing Occupation-Based Assessment Using the Knowledge to Action Framework.

The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is a standardized occupation-based measure; however, barriers often limit use in practice. The Knowledge to Action Framework (KTA) is one of the most widely used implementation approaches to induce practice change. The objective of the study is to examine the feasibility and acceptability of a KTA-informed intervention to increase the use of the AMPS. AMPS-trained occupational therapists were recruited through convenience sampling. Interventions included workshops, action planning, goal setting, peer support, and organizational resources. Recruitment and retention were tracked. Pre- and post-survey results of interventions' helpfulness, AMPS behaviors, and motivational changes informed acceptability. Participants (n = 5) rated 7/7 (100%) intervention strategies as helpful, reported decreased barriers and increased frequency of AMPS administration, increased resources for AMPS implementation, and improved compatibility with practice. Implementation of a KTA-informed intervention to increase AMPS practice was feasible and supported by environmental changes and peer support in a physical rehabilitation setting.

Knowledge translation theories in fall prevention and balance control: A scoping review.

Falls are a major problem all over the world. Falls may result in bone fractures, fear of falling, and reduced participation in activities of daily living and in social activities, thus, an increased cost of health care to the individual and the society. Falls occur as a result of compounding factors that combine and overwhelm an individual's ability to maintain or regain his or her balance. However, fall rates are often reported as high, suggesting the presence of a gap between clinical practices related to fall prevention and the knowledge of the best available evidence related to fall prevention. The science of knowledge translation (KT) offers a variety of theories that can facilitate the implementation of up-to-date knowledge among clinicians. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify and review the use of knowledge translation theories, namely the Knowledge to Action Framework (KTA), Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework (PARIHS), Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF), in studies related to fall prevention and balance control. A scoping review was conducted to identify studies related to fall prevention and balance control that used one of these four KT theories. An extensive literature search was performed up to January 2021. Two independent reviewers conducted a study selection process followed by data extraction of the search results. Our results identified 16 studies that were related to the scope of our review, with three studies utilizing KTA, two studies using PARIHS, four studies using CFIR, and seven studies using the TDF. Overall, it appears that the use of KT theories is helpful to guide interventions for fall prevention and improve balance control. Future efforts are needed to facilitate the use of KT theories for guiding clinical practices related to fall prevention and balance control.

Exploring Knowledge Translation Concepts in U.S. Occupational Therapy Research: A Content Analysis.

As a new Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education® standard, knowledge translation (KT) is an important concept to occupational therapy. A better understanding of KT in occupational therapy research could inform its relevance to occupational therapy education, research, and practice. To answer the question "To what extent does published U.S.-based occupational therapy research that is explicitly underpinned by a KT theory, model, or framework reflect processes and concepts outlined in the knowledge-to-action (KTA) framework?" A systematic search was conducted to purposively sample U.S.-based occupational therapy research. A content analysis of 11 articles explored concepts of the KTA framework. KTA was used as a conceptual foundation. Multiple sources of data mapped onto concepts in the knowledge creation cycle and each of the first five concepts of the knowledge action cycle. We found that three concepts from the knowledge action cycle-monitor knowledge use, evaluate outcomes, and sustain knowledge use-were not well represented in the sample. Future research on the monitoring, evaluation, and sustained use of occupational therapy interventions is needed. The adoption of new interventions is important, and the knowledge of how they are sustained in practice will facilitate the clinical integration of future interventions. What This Article Adds: Occupational therapy research that uses KT lacks an emphasis on monitoring and sustaining evidence-informed interventions. Future research on the integration of such interventions into clinical practice is needed so that best practices in occupational therapy can be promoted.

Selecting implementation models, theories, and frameworks in which to integrate intersectional approaches

BackgroundModels, theories, and frameworks (MTFs) provide the foundation for a cumulative science of implementation, reflecting a shared, evolving understanding of various facets of implementation. One under-represented aspect in implementation MTFs is how intersecting social factors and systems of power and oppression can shape implementation. There is value in enhancing how MTFs in implementation research and practice account for these intersecting factors. Given the large number of MTFs, we sought to identify exemplar MTFs that represent key implementation phases within which to embed an intersectional perspective.MethodsWe used a five-step process to prioritize MTFs for enhancement with an intersectional lens. We mapped 160 MTFs to three previously prioritized phases of the Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) framework. Next, 17 implementation researchers/practitioners, MTF experts, and intersectionality experts agreed on criteria for prioritizing MTFs within each KTA phase. The experts used a modified Delphi process to agree on an exemplar MTF for each of the three prioritized KTA framework phases. Finally, we reached consensus on the final MTFs and contacted the original MTF developers to confirm MTF versions and explore additional insights.ResultsWe agreed on three criteria when prioritizing MTFs: acceptability (mean = 3.20, SD = 0.75), applicability (mean = 3.82, SD = 0.72), and usability (median = 4.00, mean = 3.89, SD = 0.31) of the MTF. The top-rated MTFs were the Iowa Model of Evidence-Based Practice to Promote Quality Care for the ‘Identify the problem’ phase (mean = 4.57, SD = 2.31), the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research for the ‘Assess barriers/facilitators to knowledge use’ phase (mean = 5.79, SD = 1.12), and the Behaviour Change Wheel for the ‘Select, tailor, implement interventions’ phase (mean = 6.36, SD = 1.08).ConclusionsOur interdisciplinary team engaged in a rigorous process to reach consensus on MTFs reflecting specific phases of the implementation process and prioritized each to serve as an exemplar in which to embed intersectional approaches. The resulting MTFs correspond with specific phases of the KTA framework, which itself may be useful for those seeking particular MTFs for particular KTA phases. This approach also provides a template for how other implementation MTFs could be similarly considered in the future.Trial registrationOpen Science Framework Registration: osf.io/qgh64.

Developing a health-promoting school using Knowledge to Action framework.

BACKGROUND:There is a lack of organized effort in the arena of school health promotion, which has been recognized as an effective approach to combat the growing incidence of communicable and noncommunicable diseases. With this view, a study was conducted to develop comprehensive and replicable model for health promotion in schools.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework recognized by the World Health Organization as an implementational framework was used in an implementation study in a school of urban Jodhpur to assess the challenges and gaps associated with health promotion interventions in the school. Baseline regarding knowledge application and practices was gathered using interviews with school staff, parents, and group interaction with students. Knowledge synthesis was done by a thorough search of available literature and the gathered baseline. Resource mapping was carried out using checklists developed from knowledge synthesis. Tailor-made tools were constructed for knowledge implementation for each component of the action cycle. Knowledge of facts related to health behaviors among students was evaluated using pre- and postquestionnaires and practical application of knowledge was assessed using a checklist of 28 indicators on a 5-point Likert scale. Values of tests were gathered and compared with test values 3 and 6 months after the implementation of tailored interventions using descriptive and inferential statistics.RESULTS:Increase in correct answers by students (42% to 96%) and average response for indicators on the Likert scale (3.23–4.86) was seen on repeated interventions over 6 months. Tobacco consumption by school staff reduced by 20% and an increase in willingness among teachers was observed on follow-up interviews.CONCLUSION:The study thus developed a model for health promotion in a school with the help of the KTA framework using tailored interventions that could further be evolved in other setups based on local needs and available resources.

Dementia in Latin America: Paving the way toward a regional action plan.

Across Latin American and Caribbean countries (LACs), the fight against dementia faces pressing challenges, such as heterogeneity, diversity, political instability, and socioeconomic disparities. These can be addressed more effectively in a collaborative setting that fosters open exchange of knowledge. In this work, the Latin American and Caribbean Consortium on Dementia (LAC‐CD) proposes an agenda for integration to deliver a Knowledge to Action Framework (KtAF). First, we summarize evidence‐based strategies (epidemiology, genetics, biomarkers, clinical trials, nonpharmacological interventions, networking, and translational research) and align them to current global strategies to translate regional knowledge into transformative actions. Then we characterize key sources of complexity (genetic isolates, admixture in populations, environmental factors, and barriers to effective interventions), map them to the above challenges, and provide the basic mosaics of knowledge toward a KtAF. Finally, we describe strategies supporting the knowledge creation stage that underpins the translational impact of KtAF.

Barriers and facilitators to implementation of serial point-of-care hearing tests using a novel iPad-based audiometry in platinum chemotherapy-treated cancer patients (pts).

223 Background: Platinum-based chemotherapy agents cause significant hearing loss in 40-80% of treated cancer pts. Lack of follow-up serial testing has created gaps in knowledge regarding hearing loss onset, progression, and possible recovery between treatment cycles. This study aims to determine barriers and facilitators to implementation of a tablet-based point-of-care hearing test, as a serial screening tool to address these knowledge gaps. Methods: From Jul 2019 to Mar 2020, 53 pts receiving high dose platinum agents were recruited from three clinics (Thoracic, head and neck, and testicular cancer) at a comprehensive cancer centre, to undergo serial audiometry testing. Baseline hearing tests, mid cycles (3,6, and 9 weeks), and post treatment tests (3,6,9,12, 19 and 24 months) were completed during the pts’ clinic appointments. Clinical research coordinators (CRCs) collected feedback from physicians, nurses, and pts to identify barriers and facilitators of implementing serial point-of-care hearing tests in these clinics. An inductive and iterative approach was used to identify themes. Implementation was tailored and mapped to the CIHR Knowledge to Action Framework (KTA). Results: Barriers: Logistical barriers included: locating quiet and accessible rooms to administer the test; pts being distracted or interrupted while completing the test; presence of family members adding to noise levels; concerns over the serial testing during treatment; length of each test; and clinic staff burden. Facilitators: User-friendly self-administered tests; increasing healthcare staff education and pt management. Adapting to the local context: Logistical barriers were resolved by CRCs designating quiet spaces for the study to occur, and meeting pts upon arrival to utilize their wait time. A ‘hearing test in progress’ sign put on exam room doors prevented interruptions. CRCs utilized the test’s ‘assisted mode’ feature to keep pts attentive and/or accelerate the process. Low noise level was emphasized to obtain accurate test results. Pt engagement in their test results facilitated retention in the study. Test length may be shortened in the future by omitting low frequency testing. Conclusions: Participants and stakeholders expressed support for in-clinic hearing tests and identified personal and systemic barriers to implementation. These findings suggest that implementation should focus on addressing concerns related to accessible rooms, pt time investment and overall clinic flow.

We All Have a Role to Play: Redressing Inequities for Children Living with CAH and Other Chronic Health Conditions of Childhood in Resource-Poor Settings.

CLAN (Caring and Living as Neighbours) is an Australian-based non-governmental organisation (NGO) committed to equity for children living with chronic health conditions in resource-poor settings. Since 2004, CLAN has collaborated with a broad range of partners across the Asia Pacific region to improve quality of life for children living with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). This exploratory case study uses the Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework to analyse CLAN’s activities for children living with CAH in the Asia Pacific. The seven stages of the KTA action cycle inform a systematic examination of comprehensive, collaborative, sustained actions to address a complex health challenge. The KTA framework demonstrates the “how” of CLAN’s approach to knowledge creation and exchange, and the centrality of community development to multisectoral collaborative action across a range of conditions, cultures and countries to redressing child health inequities. This includes a commitment to: affordable access to essential medicines and equipment; education, research and advocacy; optimisation of medical management; encouragement of family support groups; efforts to reduce financial burdens; and ethical, transparent program management as critical components of success. Improvements in quality of life and health outcomes are achievable for children living with CAH and other chronic health conditions in resource-poor settings. CLAN’s strategic framework for action offers a model for those committed to #LeaveNoChildBehind.

Using the Knowledge‐to‐Action Framework to understand experiences of breastfeeding guideline implementation: A qualitative study

To examine the perceptions and experiences of health care professionals and mothers in relation to the implementation of a breastfeeding clinical practice guideline (CPG). Breastfeeding CPG applications remain limited, and qualitative studies have indicated the need to overcome the perception by professionals of difficulties in applying recommendations. A qualitative study was conducted in a Spanish public hospital that implemented the Registered Nurses´ Association of Ontario breastfeeding CPG from 2012 through 2015. Between May and August 2017, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with managers, with professionals in maternity and paediatric departments and with mothers. Deductive content analysis was performed following the stages in the Knowledge-To-Action (KTA) Framework. We obtained five main categories: (a) problem as opportunity; (b) adequate context and adapted recommendations; (c) extent of implementation; (d) impact of results; and (e) knowledge use normalization. The KTA Framework assists understanding of the participation of the main actors in breastfeeding CPG implementation. The nature of the interventions and the participation of managers, different professionals and mothers in a multi-unit setting generate a complex implementation process that reveals key factors to be taken into account in future CPG implementations.

Using the knowledge-to-action framework with joint arthroplasty patients to improve the quality of care transition: a quasi-experimental study

BackgroundTotal joint arthroplasty is a mature and effective treatment for end-stage osteoarthritis. Assisting patients in completing the transition of the perioperative period and improving their satisfaction are important aspects of quality of care. This study aimed to investigate an intervention to improve the quality of care transition for joint arthroplasty patients informed by the knowledge-to-action (KTA) framework.MethodsIn this quasi-experimental study, a total of 160 patients who underwent joint arthroplasty at a tertiary hospital from September to November 2018 and January to March 2019 were selected as participants using convenience sampling. The control group received routine medical care, while the observation group received medical care based on the KTA framework. Transitional care quality was assessed by the Care Transition Measure (CTM), with follow-up 1 week after discharge.ResultsThe observation group fared significantly better than the control group on general self-care preparation and written plan dimensions, as well as the quality of care transition. There was no significant difference in doctor–patient communication or health monitoring.ConclusionsThe KTA framework provides a logical, valuable tool for clinical work. Using the KTA framework for joint arthroplasty patients helps to improve the quality of care transition, which is worth promoting.

From theory to practice: a conceptual framework to facilitate implementation of evidence in stroke rehabilitation for local context in Saudi Arabia.

IntroductionImplementing evidence into practice is a global priority with implications for patients, researchers, practitioners and policy-makers (stakeholders). The national clinical guideline (NCG) for stroke is one of the most important sources of robust evidence. However, implementation within real practice is often slow to respond. The knowledge to action (KTA) framework is one of several frameworks to facilitate implementation and enable evidence to be put into operation. This study aims to develop a conceptual framework to understand the process of implementation of an NCG for stroke in the local context of physiotherapy practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.MethodsA qualitative–quantitative mixed methods study was conducted. The first method (panel meetings, 10 expert physiotherapists) was to chart the main concepts/domains of physiotherapy practice in the UK NCG for stroke. Drawing on panel meeting findings, 75 recommendations were released as an online questionnaire to 35 Saudi stroke specialist physiotherapists. This was followed by a focus group (second method) to capture the process of implementation of NCG for stroke in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.ResultsSixty-one recommendations were accepted to be applied in real practice, whereas only 14 recommendations were rejected. The paper presents the first empirically derived framework that establishes the contribution of physiotherapy to stroke rehabilitation. This framework characterizes the real-world nature of the implementation of NCGs for stroke within physiotherapy practice. This framework reaffirms the importance of supportive organizational culture, the specific need of end users, patient factors, and finally transferability of the evidence.DiscussionThis conceptual framework appears to provide a reasonable approach for the development of implementation strategies for physiotherapist practice in stroke rehabilitation. Furthermore, it might be the first that reflects the real value of the KTA framework and tests it empirically.ConclusionThe finding of this study provides a useful comprehensive framework to implement existing NCGs for stroke.

Bridging the Gap: Integrating Tobacco Cessation into Cancer Care

Evidence-based practice is an expectation in healthcare. However, practicing in this manner is not always achievable. This can lead to gaps between what is known to be best practice and what is actually done. Tobacco cessation in cancer care is a good example of this kind of gap. Tobacco use can render treatment less effective and can have a negative impact on outcomes. Despite this knowledge, many patients continue to use tobacco after their diagnosis and during treatment. Knowledge to Action (KTA) frameworks are beneficial in closing knowledge gaps by aiding in implementing and sustaining evidence-based practices and policies. It is the goal of this study to identify the barriers to tobacco cessation within the local context of this center and use this information in conjunction with a KTA framework to form a successful and sustainable tobacco cessation model. Radiation oncologists, radiation therapists, and radiation oncology nurses were invited to participate in uniprofessional focus groups and semi-structured interviews. Questions regarding barriers to providing cessation support were used to help guide the discussions. Audio recordings were taken of each group and interview and transcribed verbatim. These transcripts were analyzed by a coding process which was utilized to identify themes within the data. Information gathered from a local tobacco cessation working group and a review of tobacco cessation processes in neighbouring provinces was used to support the data from this study. Insufficient recourses and unclear roles and responsibilities were the main themes identified in the data by all three professional groups. Data from the provincial working group and neighbouring centers showed a large variation in tobacco cessation practices. The consequences of continued tobacco use during cancer treatment highlights the need for a tobacco cessation model within our department. Identifying the barriers to tobacco cessation within the context of this center and applying the information to a knowledge to action framework outlined a plan for the development of a tobacco cessation model. This framework also outlined methods to evaluate this model, monitor its use, and propose ways to ensure its sustainability. The goal of this process is to ensure that our patients are receiving care based on the best available evidence.

An introduction to the knowledge-to-action strategic framework for disseminating evidence-based practice in autism spectrum disorder early intervention centers and its relevance to the National Disability Insurance Scheme

ABSTRACTA knowledge-to-practice gap has been widely documented in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) early intervention, including nonuse of effective practices and use of ineffective and/or non-evidence-based practices (non-EBPs). We argue that it is critical to bridge this gap to ensure the best possible outcomes for children with ASD. In this paper, we draw from the implementation science field to describe a strategic framework for disseminating information, improving practice, and maintaining EBPs in ASD early intervention centers that encompasses the entire cycle of the knowledge-to-action (KTA) paradigm with stakeholder collaboration as a key element. We outline the potential for application of the KTA framework and for planning and implementing a strategy for professional development in ASD early intervention centers in an Australian context with reference to the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS). We provide a model for future research in ASD to facilitate the translation of research to practice in a more timely and efficient manner, in order to improve practice and outcomes for children with ASD and their families.

Implementation of an Evidence-Based Practice Nursing Handover Tool in Intensive Care Using the Knowledge-to-Action Framework.

Miscommunication during handover has been linked to adverse patient events and is an international patient safety priority. Despite the development of handover resources, standardized handover tools for nursing team leaders (TLs) in intensive care are limited. The study aim was to implement and evaluate an evidence-based electronic minimum data set for nursing TL shift-to-shift handover in the intensive care unit using the knowledge-to-action (KTA) framework. This study was conducted in a 21-bed medical-surgical intensive care unit in Queensland, Australia. Senior registered nurses involved in TL handover were recruited. Three phases of the KTA framework (select, tailor, and implement interventions; monitor knowledge use; and evaluate outcomes) guided the implementation and evaluation process. A postimplementation practice audit and survey were carried out to determine nursing TL use and perceptions of the electronic minimum data set 3 months after implementation. Results are presented using descriptive statistics (median, IQR, frequency, and percentage). Overall (86%, n = 49), TLs' use of the electronic minimum data set for handover and communication regarding patient plan increased. Key content items, however, were absent from handovers and additional documentation was required alongside the minimum data set to conduct handover. Of the TLs surveyed (n = 35), those receiving handover perceived the electronic minimum data set more positively than TLs giving handover (n = 35). Benefits to using the electronic minimum data set included the patient content (48%), suitability for short-stay patients (16%), decreased time updating (12%), and printing the tool (12%). Almost half of the participants, however, found the minimum data set contained irrelevant information, reported difficulties navigating and locating relevant information, and pertinent information was missing. Suggestions for improvement focused on modifications to the electronic handover interface. Prior to developing and implementing electronic handover tools, adequate infrastructure is required to support knowledge translation and ensure clinician and organizational needs are met.

Proposed model for translational research at a teaching-intensive college of pharmacy.

Many American colleges of pharmacy are small, private, teaching institutions. Faculty are required to maintain a research agenda, although the publication quota is less compared with their publicly funded college of pharmacy peers. Faculty at these smaller schools conduct research with very little internal or external funding. This tends to lead to smaller, less impactful research findings. Translational research is becoming popular for research faculty as it bridges theory to practice. The Knowledge-to-Action (KTA) framework presents the steps to conduct translational research. To apply and determine if the KTA framework would be able to produce practice-impactful research at an institution that does not depend on grant funding as part of faculty research agendas. An interdisciplinary team was formed with providers at the clinical faculty's practice site. As the team moved through the KTA steps, authors documented the roles of each team member. It was clear that many different types of teams were formed throughout the KTA process. These teams were then categorized according to the Interdisciplinary Teamwork System. The final result is a proposed model of types of teams and required member roles that are necessary within each KTA step for faculty to conduct practice-impactful research at a small, private, teaching institution without substantial grant funding awards. Applying the KTA framework, two impactful original research manuscripts were developed over two academic years. Furthermore, the practitioners at the clinical faculty member's site were very pleased with the ease of conducting research, as they were never required to take a lead role. In addition, both faculty members alternated lead and support role allowing for a decreased burden of workload while producing theory-driven research. The KTA framework can create a model for translational research and may be particularly beneficial to small teaching institutions to conduct impactful research.

Education to Increase Skills in Research Methods among Clinicians in Health Care

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate participants’ and managers’ experience of the design and content of an education programme. The Knowledge to Action (KTA) framework was applied to identify the steps of knowledge creation and action in the education programme. Methods: Data were collected from 18 participants representing two groups: participants in the intervention and supervisors and managers. Two focus groups took place: two with participants in the intervention (4 and 3 in each) and one with eleven managers. Results: All steps in the KTA framework were identified and discussed from several aspects. The importance of selecting projects that were relevant and added value in their clinics was mentioned by all participants. The participants also mentioned that after the education, they had further understanding and increased skills in how to be active and perform continuous improvement projects. The step in the KTA process regarding how to adapt knowledge to local context was not discussed explicitly by the participants or managers. Discussion: Education in research methods and performing improvement projects to develop the clinic creates a more positive attitude to working with continuous improvement. The participant’s self-esteem and knowledge increased regarding how to work with improvements. It is important to have the manager’s support to perform a project. Emphasis was on knowledge inquiry and synthesis and presenting the results with or without possible solutions. The participants and managers talked about barriers and knowledge use more generally and at an organizational level. This means that the participants did not gain the last bit of knowledge needed to put the action into practice. This implies that the problem regarding lack of implementation skills in health care might remain.