Background: Radiation is an electromagnetic wave which is coming across the daily activity of humans. There are naturally occurring and man-made radiations. X-rays, being the commonest radiation mostly known to the people are used in the medica field for diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Despite of being at good in the preliminary evaluation of pathologies, it also possess a risk of biological effects of radiation on living tissues. This is crucial for the people who are associated with radiation as part of their occupation. The occupational staff must be well aware of the biological effects of radiation and the different means of radiation protection and safety. Nurses, being the largest community in the healthcare, and associated with most of the procedures carried out in a hospital, are expected to have a good knowledge and understanding about the radiation and radiation safety. The aim of this review was to assess the nurses’ awareness and knowledge of radiation safety and protection, which is essential for their health and performance as a healthcare team. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted using PubMed and ProQuest databases with relevant keywords from 2013 to 2023. A total of 104 articles were found based on the search techniques, were screened for eligibility based on predefined criteria and only 7 articles were included in the final analysis. Results: The review found that nurses’ knowledge and attitudes towards radiation safety and protection were insufficient and varied across different settings and specialties. The main barriers to adequate knowledge and practice were lack of education, training, and resources. Conclusion: The review highlighted the need for improving nurses’ knowledge and competence in radiation safety and protection through regular and comprehensive training programs, guidelines, and policies. This would enhance the quality and safety of the services provided by the nurses and protect them from the harmful effects of radiation exposure.
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