Knowledge Of Local Communities Research Articles

Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia

Abstract. Yudiyanto, Hakim N, Wakhidah AZ. 2022. Ethnobotany of medicinal plants from Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park, Indonesia. Nusantara Bioscience 14: 84-94. The local communities of the Lampung Tribe around Way Kambas National Park (TNWK), Lampung, Indonesia, utilize forest resources through local community knowledge. However, cultural modernization is the potential to lead to the erosion of people's traditional knowledge. Therefore, this study is essential to be conducted. This study aimed to inventory medicinal plant species and describe local communities' knowledge of the use of medicinal plants. Semi-structured interviews and observations collected ethnobotanical data. The results were presented in a table and diagram and then analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that as many as 69 species of medicinal plants belonging to 39 families were used by the local community of the Lampung Tribe around the TNWK area. Zingiberaceae was the family with the highest number of species. Leaves were the plant part that was mostly used by the local community. Boiling was the most widely used mode of preparation. The Lampung Tribe uses plants to treat various diseases grouped into external and internal diseases. The local community frequently experiences external diseases.

Comparing Expert and Local Community Perspectives on Flood Management in the Lower Mono River Catchment, Togo and Benin

Recurrent floods have become a major problem in the transboundary Lower Mono River catchment of Togo and Benin, causing more damage and loss of life than any other disaster in the area. The level of understanding about floods and their management can be as diverse as the groups within the communities and thus can present a variety of perspectives. People tend to perceive flood risk and management differently due to their proximity to flood-prone areas and their level of vulnerability as well as their capacity to adapt. Therefore, this study explores the specific perspectives of local communities and experts on floods in the transboundary Mono catchment, which can help to inform better adaptation strategies according to the contexts of each community. We conducted series of focus groups discussions (FGDs) using the Actors, Resources, Dynamics, and Interactions (ARDI) framework to develop mental models of flood management. This approach allowed us to identify the causes and impact of flooding in the area, and to describe the actors and effects of flood events on the main natural resources as well as the dynamics and interactions that drive change and influence flood management in the study area. The results indicate that the perceptions of local communities and experts show both similarities and differences. These differences include (1) perceptions of relevant direct actors, (2) perceptions of resources at stake, and (3) actor-specific resource utilization. Considering these dissimilar views between expert and local community knowledge systems appears to be an important contributing factor to improving flood mitigation efforts in the catchment. Adapting risk communication and measures taken for flood management in accordance with the perceptions of affected communities could greatly increase success, with positive long-term effects for the involved institutions and communities regarding mutual trust-building.

A study of sustainable peat cultivation implemented by the community of Tumbang Nusa Village, Central Kalimantan

Peatlands have enormous potential to produce food sources for supporting population growth. Farmers generally prefer plants that can adapt to changing conditions. However, challenges remain, such as limited knowledge of local community about peatlands’ function and management. Local community practices endogenous knowledge to manage peatlands, but it is rarely documented as best practice for peatlands management in Indonesia. This study aims to understand endogenous management implemented by local community for sustainable peat cultivation. The management is currently considered as the best solution to solve problems related to peatlands management. The study was carried out in Tumbang Nusa Village, Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan Province, using a semi-participatory approach with a stratified purposive sampling for selecting participants of in-depth interviews and field observations. An investigation of endogenous management related to biophysical aspects that determines sustainability was done by identifying main characteristics of peatlands in the dry season. The data were analyzed qualitatively by using Use Value. The results show that the community applied agroforestry systems interspersed with introduced plants. There were seven patterns implemented by the community, including pineapple-forest crops-seasonal fruit-food based, rubber-forest crops-seasonal fruit/food-based, a combination of forest plants, a combination of forest plants-annual introduced plants, a combination of forest plants-annual/food crops, and a combination of annual crops. The seven patterns based on the local wisdom are suitable for peatlands. It is in accordance with modern peat management which considered as the form of a pure Paludiculture and an intensive semi Paludiculture.

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local people of Mojana Wadera Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia

Abstract. Haile AA. 2022. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by local people of Mojana Wadera Woreda, North Shewa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Asian J Ethnobiol 5: 35-43. This study was conducted in Mojana Wadera Woreda of North Shewa Zone (Ethiopia) to document the indigenous knowledge of local communities on medicinal plants. The data was collected using structured and semistructured interviews with herbalists. Information on medicinal plants was collected from June 2020 to October 2020. Fourteen (10 males and 4 females) key informants were deliberately selected during the data collection, but no group discussion was conducted due to the coronavirus epidemic. Descriptive statists (percentage and frequency) were used to summarize ethnobotanical data and preference ranking, and the Information consensus factor (ICF) was also included. A total of 56 medicinal plants from 52 genera, and 38 families, were identified in the study area, where they were used to treat human and animal diseases. Family-wise, Asteraceae was the most dominant family, followed by Lamiaceae. Herbs were the most dominant growth forms as they accounted for about 29 (52.72%) species, while shrubs had 17 (30.9%) species. Most herbal remedies were prepared by mixing 25.45% of the roots and leaves. The preparation was usually done by crushing to 45.45%, and during the preparation, the herbs were usually fresh. Most medicines were administered orally to the sick. According to the key informant's response, the plants in the study area are under threat. Therefore, the conservation of medicinal plants related to indigenous knowledge is important for future generations.

The Restoration of Degraded Lands by Local Communities and Indigenous Peoples

One of Earth's foremost ecological challenges is the degradation of land habitats. This degradation is often caused by deforestation and desertification resulting from the unsustainable management of natural resources. Land restoration seeks to reverse this trend and repair ecosystems to better health. Indigenous peoples and local communities have a key role in realizing long-term, sustainable land restoration. Local and indigenous communities often have intimate knowledge of the local ecosystems and an interest in preserving ecosystem services. Areas managed by indigenous peoples and local communities especially overlap with remaining intact ecosystems and suffer from less deforestation than unprotected areas. Here, we discuss how the knowledge and engagement of local communities can improve the management, implementation, and monitoring of habitat restoration. However, there are also challenges to land restoration, and scientists and policymakers that can align restoration outcomes with community benefits gained from environmental stewardship and knowledge, are more likely to achieve long-term sustainable restoration success.

Utilization of Betel Leaf Extract as a Natural Hand Sanitizer to Prevent The Spread of Covid-19 in MTS. S Al-Hidayah, Silo Baru Village, Asahan Regency

Betel leaf (Piper betle Linn) can be found in Silo Baru Village, Silau Laut District, Asahan Regency. This service activity aims to increase public knowledge about the content of betel leaf extract compounds as natural hand sanitizers, improve community skills in processing traditional betel leaf plants, and produce environmentally friendly hand sanitizer products made from betel leaf. Betel leaf, known as a natural antiseptic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory. Betel leaf extract contains flavonoid compounds, polyphenols, tannins and essential oils that can eradicate disease-causing germs. The content of compounds in betel leaf extract 15% and above is as effective as 70% ethanol which can reduce the number of bacteria and viruses. This activity is carried out using mentoring and training methods. The results of this activity include producing a natural hand sanitizer product that can support government programs in preventing the spread of the covid-19 virus, increasing local community knowledge through students and several teachers at MTs.S Al-Hidayah who participate in mentoring on how to manage and the introduction of the content of betel leaf extract to be used as the main ingredient in making natural hand sanitizers.

Characteristics of Climate Concern—Attitudes and Personal Actions—A Case Study of Hungarian Settlements

This article discusses one of the most important social factors of climate protection: climate concern. Most research in this area focuses on North America and Western Europe or presents international comparative statistics. Our work is innovative because we have designated a lesser-known post-socialist region in East-Central Europe as a sample area, and we intend to conduct in-depth analyses at the municipal level. Our study describes the second largest city in Hungary, Debrecen, and its agglomeration. Based on a questionnaire survey in 2020 (N = 512), we examined opinion factors, and we have presented features consistent with or different from the findings in the relevant literature. In the statistical analysis, chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were applied to reveal significant differences between the responses of different types of respondents. As response variables, we used the questions about general concerns regarding air pollution, knowledge about climate change, beliefs about tackling, perceived threat, behavioural responses, personal actions, and demography. We found that the concern about air pollution and a feeling of threat to respondents’ life was mainly affected by the degree of climate concern. We conclude that the knowledge of local communities on climate change has increased, and risk perception has improved. Still, there is no clear relationship between the level of concern and climate-conscious behaviour. The findings provide ideas for promoting local climate management and awareness-raising in the European Union or other countries.

Evaluation of Household Preparedness and Risk Factors for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) Using the Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) Method in Pakistan.

(1) Background: In endemic areas of Pakistan, local community knowledge and attitudes towards cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) are critical elements in the effective control and management of the disease. A cross-sectional epidemiologic design was used to assess the disease concern, preparedness, practices, and preventive behavior of the households and to assist the personnel and health care professionals in strengthening their planning efforts and awareness of CL. (2) Methods: A two-stage cluster sampling process, i.e., Community Assessment for Public Health Emergency Response (CASPER) was conducted from September 2020 to March 2021 on present household-level information about community needs and health status regarding CL in a cost-effective, timely, and representative manner. (3) Results: In the current study, 67% of the respondents were aware of CL and its causative agent and showed a low level of pandemic preparedness. The majority (74%) of the respondents mentioned that they did not avoid sandfly exposure areas. The majority (84%) of respondents had unsatisfactory behavior towards using bed nets, sprays, or repellents. (4) Conclusion: In endemic areas of Pakistan, the inadequate concern and low preparedness of the local community toward CL are critical aspects in efficient control and management of the disease.

Adopting the Local Knowledge of Coastal Communities for Climate Change Adaptation: A Case Study From Bangladesh

Bangladesh has a unique coastal system with both proximity of climatic vulnerability and opportunity, having rich coastal resources. The upkeep of people's livelihoods in the coastal zone largely depends on the degree to which key stakeholders at all levels of decision-making can participate in climate adaptation planning and implementation processes. These facts are well recognized in Bangladesh's Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZM), National Adaptation Program of Action (NAPA), and the Bangladesh Climate Change Strategy and Action Plan (BCCSAP), which emphasize the need for integrated multi-level decision-making at all stages of the adaptive management cycle. The aim of this article is to assess the value of coastal community engagement in Bhola and Satkhira districts of Bangladesh and highlight priority programs that may increase adaptive capacity in the face of climate change. To this end, interviews were conducted involving local farmers, fishers, women householders, businessmen, and other local leaders, thus yielding a total 240 participants who informed this empirical research. Case studies of villages of these districts highlight helpful examples of adaptation initiatives that may increase people's capacity to respond to the adverse effects of climate change, both autonomously as villagers, and as part of a coordinated program to reduce vulnerability. Issues flagged for urgent attention include water management, socioeconomic conditions, and migration away from coastal districts. The findings point to both potential interventions and a need to better prioritize adaptation options and strategies that are suitable for local contexts. In some cases, these options reflect existing Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) and adaptation practices which may be both supported and leveraged through the coordinated implementation of different aspects of government policies.

Cultural Systems in Water Management for Disaster Risk Reduction: The Case of the Ladakh Region

Abstract There has been an increase in hydrological disasters over the past few decades as a result of climate change. Also, there is a growing recognition of the need to integrate traditional knowledge into Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) policies and practices on a global scale. Traditionally, village folk have used observation-based, traditional methods to avoid high economic costs associated with sustainable management of their resources and livelihood. Due to ongoing climate change impacts and migrations, indigenous knowledge is gradually disappearing, and other modern systems have been unable to effectively replace it to the desirable extent. This paper investigates how the traditional knowledge and cultural systems of local communities living in the high-altitude cold desert region of the Ladakh region in India have contributed to their water management systems. In addition, the article discusses how haphazard changes in the contemporary environment are causing issues related to water scarcity and livelihood leading to the slow onset of disasters. Through non-participant observations during a two-month volunteering engagement and literature review, the present study attempts to track the changing realm and attitude of the Ladakhi community towards water conservation in light of climate change and depleting resources. A comparison was made between the government and non-government initiatives for the conservation and management of water resources. The results of this study suggest that traditional knowledge and cultural systems have a significant role in increasing community participation and awareness of climate change and disaster risk.

Status and Sustainability of Mangrove Forests: A Case Study from Merbok Mangrove Reserve, Kedah, Malaysia

Abstract Mangroves comprise of a complex combination of halophytic trees, shrubs and other plants that exist and grow in the coastal zone throughout tropical and subtropical regions. Mangrove ecosystems provide significant socioeconomic benefits to the local communities such as fish, timber and tourism opportunities. Understanding how they perceive on mangrove ecosystems and services is crucial for incorporating this information into decision making process and conservation, this study was conducted to study the awareness and knowledge of local community towards the trend and status of mangrove resources in Merbok Mangrove Reserve (MMR) and, to identify factors that influence the survival of mangroves in the study area. A survey was conducted in MMR using questionnaires as a main tool for data collection. A total of 300 respondents live near and around MMR were selected which involved a total of 10 villages. From the study, 95% of the respondents perceived that mangroves are very important resources to the local community. About 95.7% of respondents agree that the loss of mangroves will have negative impacts to the environment and the economics of the livelihood. Furthermore, the majority of respondents perceived that illegal clearing and aquaculture practices have significant impact to the degradation of mangroves in the area. They agree that replanting of mangroves could be the best management option to ensure the survival of this ecosystem. The information from this study may provide useful input for future research and can be crucial tools for the government and stakeholders to pave way for an effective decision making for the sustainability of mangrove resources.

Exploring Methods for Sharing Wetland Knowledge and Identifying Future Needs and Solutions

Successful management of wetlands is increasingly making more use of traditional and contemporary community knowledge of wetlands in addition to the knowledge obtained from scientific investigations (Ens et al. 2012; Pyke et al. 2018). For this to happen, wetland managers need ways to tap into such knowledge, including respecting protocols around ownership of and access to such knowledge, and appreciating its value. However, at the same time the rapid advancement of science and technology and changes in societal values has led to the loss of valuable traditional knowledge, or such knowledge being ignored in favor of an over-reliance on modern scientific techniques. Mechanisms available through wetland centres (Finlayson 2018; Gevers et al. 2018), education outreach initiatives (Finlayson et al. 2013) and engagement with schools (M. Bartlett 2019, pers. comm.) go some way towards tapping into the value of these knowledge sources. However, much more is needed if the mutual benefits that can come from sharing knowledge are to be realized. This is more the case with the intensification of the threats to wetlands from climate change and sea level rise, invasive non-native species, and pollution. Given the difficulties associated with managing wetlands and ensuring there are sufficient funds to both collect and make use of contemporary scientific information, having access to knowledge provided by local communities may prove invaluable when addressing the harmful outcomes from these phenomena, in addition to assisting with efforts to ensure local communities are effectively engaged in wetland management. There have been many successful cases where traditional and community knowledge have been used alongside contemporary scientific practices for managing wetlands (Carbonell et al. 2001; Ens et al. 2012: Pyke et al 2018), but unless these are extended and expanded in time and space we fear that current high rates of wetland loss and degradation (Darrah et al. 2019; McInnes et al. 2020; Simpson et al. 2021) will continue. One way of contributing to the effort to ensure that these approaches are extended and expanded is to explore and develop effective methods for sharing knowledge between local communities, wetland researchers, and managers. This could start with the increasing sources of knowledge about the values and benefits derived from wetlands as well as that about management responses to the pressing problems for wetland management. The latter are well known, and yet, continue, with steps to stop and reverse wetland loss and degradation being acknowledged as insufficient (Ramsar Convention on Wetlands 2018). As part of ongoing programs run through organizations such as the Sydney Olympic Park Authority in Australia and the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust in the United Kingdom (UK) a symposium on Methods for Sharing Wetland Knowledge and Exploring Future Needs and Solutions was held at the INTECOL International Wetland Conference in Christchurch, New Zealand in October 2021. The symposium had three objectives, namely to: 1) explore the wealth and usefulness of traditional and community knowledge about wetlands; 2) identify gaps in knowledge-sharing tools, techniques and mechanism; and 3) explore ways forward. The symposium was intended to revisit the effectiveness of current approaches and programs in wetland awareness, education and training, and suggest measures for future improvements. It was further expected that in the future there would also be an emphasis on newer communication approaches, such as webinars and twitter conferences, alongside traditional and local community knowledge, which in themselves are based on having participatory approaches to ensure knowledge is shared in an open way. Provided below is an overview of the key issues that were included in the presentations in the symposium.

Connecting and reconnecting to a community, with a sense of belonging - Exploring Aboriginal Elders' perspectives of engaging in a physical activity program.

Culturally appropriate physical activity (PA) programs have values and principles that respect local community culture and knowledge. However, in Western Australia (WA) there were no opportunities for older Aboriginal peoples to engage in a culturally appropriate PA program. The study objective was to explore how engaging in a culturally appropriate PA program impacted on the lived experiences of Aboriginal Elders. A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using an Indigenous methodology. Participants were Aboriginal Elders in Noongar Country in WA . Two groups, engaged in the Ironbark program, which consisted of weekly exercise and a yarning circle. The program was developed in NSW specifically for older Aboriginal and Torres Strait peoples and adapted for use in WA. Semi-structured interviews utilising a yarning approach were facilitated by a Noongar Wadjuk researcher. Inductive thematic analysis was undertaken. Nineteen Elders were interviewed. The overarching theme was that participation led to connecting and reconnecting to community with a sense of belonging. Elders affirmed the program as being appropriate and comfortable. They described experiences that were grouped into three main themes of Positive mental and emotional changes, Physical improvements and Social benefits. Aboriginal Elders valued the opportunity to engage in a culturally appropriate PA program. Benefits were appreciated as holistic in nature, with Elders seeing improvements in their mental, physical and emotional health. SO WHAT?: Increasing access to culturally appropriate, decolonised PA programs is a fundamental health promotion approach for working with older Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.

Building resilience through informal networks and community knowledge sharing: post-disaster health service delivery after Hurricane Maria

ABSTRACT In September of 2017, Hurricane Maria made landfall in Puerto Rico, bringing widespread damage to public systems across the island, which included particularly devastating impacts to local hospitals and medical facilities. Health care organisations operating on the ground played an essential role in hurricane response efforts as they attempted to address the medical needs of vulnerable populations. However, minimal research has discussed how the provision of post-disaster healthcare rested on the knowledge and participation of local communities. This study aims to fill these gaps by exploring the ways in which health care workers relied on their relationships with informal community networks to navigate the post-disaster landscape and provide adequate health services. This study uses post-disaster response data collected in Puerto Rico, which includes interviews with private, non-profit, and university-affiliated health organisations, as well as community health centers and emergent health outreach groups. Findings from this study highlight the critical role informal networks, community outreach, and relationship building play in response work as organisations attempt to overcome the specific complexities and challenges of operating in the post-disaster context. Furthermore, our research illustrates how deficient government support and systematic failings shift the burden of resilience building onto community members and organisations.

Typology of Pekarangan for food self-sufficiency in Papua, Indonesia: A review

Pekarangan management in Papua has a different characteristic where the land use of the Pekarangan for the family in Papua is strongly influenced by cultural characteristics and associated with natural resources. The Papuan people are geographically scattered in islands, the coastal of lowland to the hills area and the mountains. The aim of this study was to study the type and characteristics of the pekarangan in Papua in relation to culture-based socio-economic status in the ecological zone of Papua. Pekarangan area had potential in the supply of family food, reducing household expenditures and increasing the income of farm households. Utilization of pekarangan area in Papua was very rich and varied in type, function and usability in a very strong influencing cultural perspective. Management of pekarangan area for food self-sufficiency should be encouraged based on local knowledge of the local community to meet the family welfare.

Local Governance Platforms: Roles and Relations of City Governments, Citizens, and Businesses

This article analyses the dynamics of local platform governance with special regard to the roles and relations of city governments, citizens, and local businesses. We approach the subject through five Finnish platforms in which city governments are actively involved. This multiple case study shows that city governments tend to adopt a facilitative and enabling role on the platforms. They seek to create value by utilizing skills, knowledge, and resources of local communities in different kinds of co-creation processes. Local platform governance brings added value to innovation and urban vitality by utilizing multiple roles of citizens, businesses, and other local stakeholders.

Vivência no município de Paraty-RJ: tecendo a tradição e valorizando os conhecimentos tradicionais e culturais no contexto rural e urbano

Este artigo trata de povos e comunidades tradicionais urbano-rurais. Os conhecimentos tradicionais são o conhecimento e as práticas das comunidades rurais e locais associadas aos recursos biológicos, e fazem parte da identidade do grupo. Assim, esse trabalho tem como objetivo identificar a tradição e valorizar o conhecimento tradicional no contexto rural-urbano no município de Paraty, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, buscando fazer uma reflexão dialógica com autores que apresentam e discutem essa temática. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada em diversos locais rurais e na cidade de Paraty-RJ, para contextualizar a referência rural-urbano, contribuindo para a biodiversidade e qualidade de vida inserida nesse espaço. A metodologia utilizada está baseada nos pressupostos da pesquisa qualitativa com características etnográficas, vídeos e os instrumentos usados para a produção dos dados foram visita a campo, entrevistas, diário de campo, registros fotográficos e observação participante. Os resultados adquiridos permitiram uma aproximação aos conteúdos escolares e à realidade cotidiana no contexto rural-urbano, por meio da contextualização. Com isso, vimos que os conhecimentos tradicionais são vitais para uma comunidade rural-urbana, pois o aprendizado, apesar de ser contínuo, consegue ao longo do tempo preservar a identidade, além de gerar renda e dar voz às comunidades pesquisadas.
 Palavras-chave: conhecimento tradicional, ensino, etnografia, saberes rurais-urbanos, cultura.
 
 Living in the municipality of Paraty-RJ: Weaving tradition and valuing traditional and cultural knowledge in the rural and urban context
 ABSTRACT. This article deals with traditional urban-rural peoples and communities. The Traditional knowledge is the knowledge and practices of rural and local communities associated with biological resources and it is part of the community's identity. This work aims to identify the tradition and value traditional knowledge in the rural-urban context at the municipality of Paraty, State of Rio de Janeiro, seeking to do a dialogic reflection with authors who present and discuss this theme. The field research was made on several rural locations and at the city of Paraty-RJ, to contextualize the rural-urban reference contributing to the biodiversity and quality of life placed on this space. The methodology used is based on the assumptions of qualitative research with ethnographic characteristics and the instruments used to produce the data were field visits, interviews, field diary, photographic records, videos and participant observation. The results obtained allowed an approximation of school contents and daily reality in the rural-urban context, through contextualization. With that, we saw that traditional knowledge is vital for a rural-urban community, as learning, although being continuous, it can preserve identity over time, as well as generating income and giving voice to the communities surveyed.
 Keywords: traditional knowledge, teaching, ethnography, rural-urban knowledge, culture.
 
 Vivir en el municipio de Paraty-RJ: tejiendo la tradición y valorando los conocimientos tradicionales y culturales en el contexto rural y urbano 
 RESUMEN. Este artículo trata de los pueblos y comunidades urbano-rurales tradicionales. El conocimiento tradicional es el conocimiento y las prácticas de las comunidades rurales y locales asociados con los recursos biológicos y es parte de la identidad de la comunidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar la tradición y valorar el conocimiento tradicional en el contexto rural-urbano en el municipio de Paraty, Estado de Rio de Janeiro, buscando realizar una reflexión dialógica con autores que presentan y discuten este tema, la investigación de campo se realizó en varias localidades rurales y en la ciudad de Paraty-RJ, para contextualizar el referente rural-urbano contribuyendo a la biodiversidad y calidad de vida inserta en este espacio. La metodología utilizada se basa en los supuestos de investigación cualitativa con características etnográficas y los instrumentos utilizados para producir los datos fueron visitas de campo, entrevistas, diario de campo; registros fotográficos, vídeos y observación participante. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron una aproximación de los contenidos l'école y la realidad cotidiana en el contexto rural-urbano, a través de la contextualización. Y con eso, vimos que el conocimiento tradicional es vital para una comunidad rural-urbana, ya que el aprendizaje, a pesar de ser continuo, con el tiempo logra preservar la identidad además de generar ingresos y dar voz a las comunidades investigadas.
 Palabras clave: conocimiento tradicional, enseñando, etnografía, conocimiento rural-urbano, culture.

Experiences of safe and healthy walking and cycling in urban areas: The benefits of mobile methods for citizen-adapted urban planning

Walking and cycling promotes physical activity and mental health. In many European cities, walking and cycling has increased and is a key part of transport planning. However, many cyclists and pedestrians still perceive themselves as neglected road users, face air pollutants, noise and fear travel injuries. Children are in particular vulnerable. The aim of this study is to present mobile interview methods (“go-/ride-alongs”) for promoting safe and healthy cycling/walking in urban transport planning. We present two studies from Berlin (a) and Leipzig (b), Germany. We conducted go-/ride-alongs with cyclists and pedestrians on (a) their commute home from work and (b) children on their way to school. We accompanied them and investigated how they experience commuting, the environment and discover ad-hoc situative behavior. We discuss our findings and transfer our knowledge gained through the mobile method into transport planning strategies. Safety is most often mentioned by all interviewees. Our studies show a high importance of in-situ/ad-hoc experiences for travel behavior, which can be examined with an interviewer accompanying. Our methods encourage interviewees to describe past experiences, how they shape their behavior or factors supporting/hindering active travel. We consider mobile methods important for exploring mobility and successful when complemented by participatory methods and instruments (e.g., participatory mapping, smartphone-apps, group walks). Therefore, the voice of vulnerable road users can be strengthened. In a next step individual local experiences and community knowledge could be incorporated in urban transport planning to improve active travel.

Toward Engaged Scholarship: Knowledge Inclusivity and Collaborative Collection Development between Academic Libraries and Archives and Local Public Communities

In Open and Equitable Scholarly Communications , ACRL calls for more diverse and inclusive collection development (CD) by academic libraries and archives. Meanwhile, higher education is increasingly committing to community-engaged scholarship. This study investigated the extent to which academic libraries and archives are collecting, curating, and/or preserving knowledge produced by their local public communities. Researchers administered an electronic survey to relevant listservs and conducted follow-up interviews to develop a case study of one library’s efforts. Ninety of the initial 118 survey respondents (76%) indicated that their academic library intentionally collects, curates, and/or preserves materials created or owned by the local public community, with a majority working with minority or underrepresented populations in their communities. Respondents also reported working with unpublished archival material more than twice as often as nonarchival/circulating material, reflecting academia’s movement toward greater inclusion of traditionally excluded voices in the scholarly record. Additional research is needed for a host of issues raised by this work, in particular the relationship between university-community collection development and student learning. Library leaders can promote university-community engagement and knowledge diversity by incorporating local community knowledge into their collection development commitments and practices and tying this work to the parent institution’s strategic plan.

Ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plant by local communities in karst area of Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Ammar LA, Kurniawati B, Anggorowati D, Cahyaningsih AP, Setyawan AD. 2021. Ethnobotanical study of the medicinal plant used by local communities in karst area of Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia. Intl J Trop Drylands 5: 84-93. Local people's trust in traditional medicine methods is still high, especially in rural areas. Most of the villagers in Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia, grow their medicinal plants in their yards. However, local people's knowledge of various medicinal plant types is only conveyed orally from parents to children and community practice habits. Information about the using medicinal plants may begin to degrade from time to time. This study aimed to investigate the knowledge of local communities regarding the use of medicinal plants and the plant diversity, especially in the village of karst areas. The research was conducted in Bungur Village and Tulakan Village, Tulakan Sub-district, Pacitan District, East Java, Indonesia. Data collection was carried out using the snowball technique through open interviews and field surveys. A total of 40 respondents with 7 people of young age range 15-40 years and 33 people of old age range 41-75 years. Respondents with the most educational backgrounds are high school graduates. A total of 51 species were found, from 46 genera and 29 families, with 35 diseases being treated. Fever, cough, and external wounds are the most commonly treated diseases. The most widely used medicinal plant is Zingiber officinale Roscoe to warm the body, prevent fever, and increase immunity. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the villagers orally consumed ginger for post-COVID-19 positive recovery and maintained health. The most used plant parts are leaves and rhizomes by decoction and consumption orally. Based on the research results, it is known that the knowledge of the local communities and the use of medicinal plants is still quite good among the older and younger people with various types of plants.