Knowledge Of Intimate Partner Violence Research Articles

The impact of violence against women courses on the attitudes of nursing students toward violence against women and their professional roles

This study determines whether the inclusion of violence against women (VAW) education in nursing curricula would improve attitudes and professional help toward victims of violence. Research was carried out as cross-sectional and comparative quasi-experimental study. The research included 524 students; 262 students were trained and 262 were untrained. Data were collected using the Sociodemographic and Personal Charaterics Form, Attitude toward Violence Scale (AVS), and Attitude toward Occupational Roles in Violence Scale (AORVS). The overall average AVS score of students was 30.81 ± 8.68 and overall average AORVS score was 25.50 ± 6.86. There were significant differences in AVS scores and AORVS scores between the experimental and control groups. The scale and sub-dimension mean scores of the students who received the course were significantly lower; it was determined that obtaining low scores reflected divergence from traditionalism and increase in modern opinions in the evaluation of the scales. It is clear that undergraduate courses are an ideal opportunity to initiate changes in attitudes toward intimate partner violence (IPV) and equip graduates with comprehensive knowledge of IPV. This study demonstrates that meeting professional and information needs about VAW by revising nursing curricula is important.

Improving medical students\u2019 communication competencies to deal with intimate partner violence using clinical simulations in Mozambique

BackgroundDuring their medical training, medical students aim to master communication skills and professionalism competencies to foster the best possible patient-physician relationship. This is especially evident when dealing with sensitive topics. This study describes and analyses the outcomes of a simulation-based training module on clinical communication competency through interacting with simulated intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors. The training was set up as part of a broader IPV module within a Gynaecology and Obstetrics Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery of Medicine (MBBS).MethodsIn total, 34 (59%) of all fourth-year medical students from one medical school in Mozambique were involved. A mixed-method approach was adopted. First, a quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test design was adopted to study the impact of the intervention to tackle critical IPV knowledge, skills, and attitudes, underlying a patient communication script. Second, a qualitative analysis of student perceptions was carried out.ResultsThe results of the paired sample t-tests point at a significant and positive change in post-test values when looking at the general IPV self-efficacy (IPV SE) score and the subscales mainly in attitudes. Participants expressed a desire for additional IPV communication competency and suggested enhancements to the module.ConclusionWe conclude that due to IPV being a sensitive issue, simulation activities are a good method to be used in a safe environment to develop clinical skills. The results of this study are a good complement of the analysis of the competencies learned by the medical students in Mozambique with the current curriculum.

Changing students' knowledge and attitudes towards intimate partner violence

Abstract The need for effective awareness raising interventions for the prevention of intimate partner violence (IPV) has been widely acknowledged, given its frequency among dating relationships. The current intervention study aimed to improve IPV knowledge, attitudes and practices of university students. A pre/post-test design with a control group was employed to compare changes in baseline measures of IPV at post intervention stage. A total of 80 higher education students participated in the study and provided full data; 40 students (intervention group) and 40 students (control group). The awareness raising intervention included: a) a one-day intensive educational seminar, b) reminder and email messages over a 4-week period, and c) demonstration of informational material in public places. Students in the intervention group performed better than those in the control group regarding IPV attitudes (p=.174 and p=.011). No statistically significant improvements were shown in terms of IPV knowledge and self-reported IPV victimization/perpetration. Further studies are necessary to decide on the structure and content of awareness raising interventions that could serve as an IPV prevention measure for young people. Key messages Higher education curricula need to incorporate lessons on intimate partner violence management. Longer, practice-based interventions may have a greater effect in changing students' behaviours towards intimate partner violence.

Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: Knowledge and Experiences of Pregnant Women and Controlling Behavior of Male Partners in Sokoto, Northwest Nigeria.

Background Violence against women perpetrated by an intimate partner is an important public health issue. In recent years, attention has focused also on intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy due to its prevalence, adverse health consequences, and intervention potentials. Aim To determine the knowledge, experiences, and factors influencing IPV, including the controlling behaviors of male partners of pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic (ANC) of a tertiary health facility in Sokoto. Materials and method. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 260 pregnant women attending ANC in a tertiary health facility in the Sokoto metropolis. They were selected using a systematic sampling technique, and a set of pretested questionnaire items was used for data collection. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 20. Results The respondents' ages ranged from 19 to 40 years with a mean of 29.09 ± 4.99 years, and up to 83.5% of them were in a monogamous setting. Three-quarters of them were Muslims mostly from urban areas (72.1%), and 36.4% had a university or HND degree. Majority of them responded correctly to questions on IPV; overall, up to 99.2% of them had good knowledge of IPV. About 33% of the respondents have experienced IPV while pregnant and up to 61.7% of them said they did nothing because of fear. Some of the controlling behaviors of male partners included always asking for permission before seeing friends and family members and also controlling their finances. Factors associated with IPV include tribe, place of residence, and partner consuming alcohol. Conclusion Majority of the respondents had good knowledge of IPV with about one-third of them ever experiencing it. Respondent's partners were mostly jealous and exhibited some form of controlling behaviors. Physical violence was the most prevalent form, and most of the victims did nothing about it. Government and women's right groups should push for the implementation of tougher punitive measures against perpetrators of IPV.

Examining attitudes towards sexual violence and IPV prevention activities among fraternity members with official and unofficial houses

Objective This study explored differences in attitudes about sexual violence, knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention resources, and participation in IPV prevention activities among young men based on their fraternity membership and house status (ie, official house versus unofficial house versus no house). Participants: 1,457 undergraduate men completed surveys in the 2017–2018 academic year. Fraternity members indicated whether their fraternity had an official, unofficial, or no house. Methods: The survey included measures of attitudes towards sexual violence, knowledge of IPV resources, and participation in IPV prevention activities. Results: Fraternity members with unofficial houses were more accepting of sexual violence than nonmembers, whereas fraternity members with official houses were exposed to more IPV prevention messages than nonmembers. Conclusions: Results highlight the importance of considering fraternity house status as a risk factor for sexual violence. Unofficial houses that are not regulated by the university may be particularly problematic for IPV.

An investigation of the knowledge of intimate partner violence among clinical staff working with male substance misusers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe a Service Improvement Project aimed at assessing the level of knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) of clinical staff working in Community Drug and Alcohol Services (CDAS) in four boroughs of South London. Design/methodology/approach Clinical staff (n=90) completed a survey which was based on the Capability Framework (Hughes et al., 2015), developed to describe the key capabilities required to work with men who misuse drug and alcohol and perpetrate IPV. Two separate surveys were prepared for clinical (core) staff (n=76) and for manager (senior) staff (n=14). Findings The Capability Framework provided a useful structure for identifying key strengths and gaps in knowledge and skills related to substance use and IPV treatment in frontline CDAS staff. Significant strengths which emerged in the “core staff” survey related to the importance of assessing IPV and being empathic. Gaps related to the confidence in working with these issues and receiving support. Significant strengths which emerged in the “senior staff” survey related to the availability of supervision, information and training on IPV. Gaps related to using the Capability Framework and discussing IPV in supervision. Originality/value Findings have important implications for the development of training addressing gaps in current knowledge and skills required when working with IPV in the context of drug and alcohol misuse.

Enhancing the National Dialogue on the Prevention of Intimate Partner Violence

Little systematic information exists about how community-based prevention efforts at the state and local levels contribute to our knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) prevention. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) DELTA FOCUS program funds ten state domestic violence coalitions to engage in IPV primary prevention through approaches addressing the outer layers of the social ecology. This paper explored the ways in which DELTA FOCUS recipients have contributed to a national-level dialogue on IPV prevention. Previously undefined, the authors define national-level dialogue and retrospectively apply the CDC Science Impact Framework (SIF) to describe contributions DELTA FOCUS recipients made to it. Authors conducted document review and qualitative content analysis of recipient semi-annual progress reports from 2014 to 2016 (N=40) using NVivo. A semi-structured coding scheme was applied across the five SIF domains: Creating Awareness, Catalyzing Action, Effecting Change, Disseminating Science, and Shaping the Future. All recipients sought to promote IPV prevention by communicating and sharing with non-CDC-funded state coalitions, national partners, and other IPV stakeholders information and resources accumulated through practice-based prevention efforts. Through implementing and disseminating their prevention work in myriad ways, DELTA FOCUS recipients are building practice-based evidence on community-based IPV prevention.

“It Doesn’t Freak Us Out the Way It Used to”: An Evaluation of the Domestic Violence Enhanced Home Visitation Program to Inform Practice and Policy Screening for IPV

The Domestic Violence Enhanced Home Visitation (DOVE) intervention used in the Perinatal Nurse Home Visiting Intervention Enhanced With mHealth Technology (RCT: R01HD071771) is a nurse-lead evidenced-based intervention that has been shown to decrease violence overtime. This summative mixed-methods impact evaluation is intended to provide insight to enhance the DOVE IPV protocol for screening and intervention by (a) identifying which core aspects of DOVE facilitated or inhibited its success and what was most critical to optimal IPV (intimate partner violence) screening and intervention practices, (b) informing how DOVE IPV screening and intervention were influenced by the experiences of home visitor (HV), and (c) identifying policy considerations and best practice recommendations for the DOVE protocol. Participants were HVs and managers (N = 13) in rural/urban home visiting programs delivering DOVE across three states. The sample had a mean age of 48.76. Three fourths were baccalaureate-prepared nurses with an average of 10.5 years of home visiting experience. The method used in this study was one-to-one qualitative in-depth interviews with HVs. Data were interpretively analyzed using Nvivo 10 to generate three themes. Participants endorsed screening women for IPV with DOVE being the approach of choice to facilitate IPV screening and intervening with women. HVs found DOVE helped enhance their IPV knowledge, screening, and intervening capabilities while filling an existing void in this type of preparation of HV nurses. Establishing a relationship with the women before initiating screening was an important aspect in delivering DOVE as was the training, support, and increased comfort level in addressing IPV. The evidence offers an understanding of which core aspects of DOVE contributed to its success and what was most critical to optimal IPV screening and intervention practices. Furthermore, this evaluation provided multilevel insights into how best to advance home visiting practices and policies when screening and intervening with perinatal women exposed to IPV.

Influence of Socio Demography Factors on Knowledge of Intimate Partner Violence among Soldiers in Ibadan: A Cross Sectional Survey

The global dimensions of intimate partner violence are alarming. It occurs in all parts of society, regardless of geographic location, socio-economic status, age, cultural and ethnic background, or religious belief, and it’s often devastating effects -psychological, social and economic, short-term and long-term — rebound on families, children, and the community as a whole. This study investigated influence of socio demography factors on knowledge of intimate partner violence among soldiers in Ibadan. Prevalence of knowledge of IPV was also examined. The non experimental study adopted cross sectional design. A total of 26- item carefully structured self report questionnaire was administered to three hundred and fifty-five (N=355) purposively selected married soldiers from Adekunle Fajuyi cantonment, Ibadan, out of which 294 (82.8%) were male and 61 (17.2%) were female. All the respondents (100%) completed at least secondary school education. It was found that prevalence of knowledge of IPV was 192(54.5%). Age of the participants was more on knowledge of IPV than Spouse’s age, years in marriage and educational qualification. Soldiers’ rank did not have significant influence on knowledge of intimate partner violence (IPV) (F(16 339)=.584; P>.05). Male are more on knowledge of IPV than female (t (353) =3.21; P .05). There is need for proactive action on sensitization on intimate partner violence in the Nigerian military.

Evaluation of a Tool to Measure Pharmacists' Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that demands a comprehensive health care response. Provider education and training is needed for the entire health care team, including pharmacists, to competently care for IPV-impacted patients. Standardized assessments are needed to determine need for training and to evaluate the effectiveness of IPV training initiatives. The Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS) has previously been validated for physicians. This study adapted and evaluated the PREMIS instrument for use with pharmacists to assess knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and intentions related to IPV and IPV screening. A total of 144 surveys from community pharmacists were analyzed. Pharmacists had low levels of IPV knowledge. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a five-factor structure: workplace and self-efficacy, preparation, legal requirements, alcohol and drugs, and constraints. This instrument can be utilized to guide the development and implementation of IPV-related training initiatives for pharmacists.

Social Workers, Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), and Client Financial Concerns

ABSTRACTThe negative impact of financial abuse on intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors is well researched (Babcock, Waltz, Jacobson, & Gottman, 1993), however literature indicating how often social workers ask clients about financial concerns is currently limited. This study examined the frequency with which social workers asked clients about their financial concerns and how that relates to perceived knowledge of IPV and perceived preparedness to work with clients experiencing IPV. A total of 266 social workers who were alumni of a university located on the eastern shore of the United States responded to the questionnaire. Fewer than 30% of respondents reported that they always asked clients about their financial concerns. Logistic regression was used to model the association of always asking clients about financial concerns as a function of perceived knowledge (model 1) and perceived preparedness (model 2). In model 1, perceived knowledge, IPV education and/or training, and age were significant predictors of always asking about financial concerns (p < .05), while in model 2, perceived preparedness and age were significant predictors (p < .05). More research is needed to explore social workers' comfort with addressing client financial concerns and implications for practice.

A gateway to healing: A community‐based brief intervention for victims of violence

AbstractInterventions for victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health priority. This study used semistructured, in‐depth interviews to explore key features and self‐reported changes associated with a community‐based, trauma‐informed brief intervention (TIBI) for victims of IPV. Using open coding of transcripts and cross‐case analysis to determine prominent patterns and themes within and between participants, TIBI was perceived as beneficial, safe, and innovative. Positive changes, including improved physical health, psychological well‐being, quality of life, confidence, hope, and personal control, were reported and maintained postintervention. Key features of the intervention were described as increased IPV knowledge, which women attributed as the gateway to healing, learning how to reframe thoughts in a productive way and developing various skills in coping with IPV. This research provides preliminary evidence that a community‐based TIBI is both acceptable to clients and potentially useful in reducing the negative consequences of IPV.

IPV Screening and Readiness to Respond to IPV in Ob-Gyn Settings: A Patient-Physician Study

Purpose. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious, preventable public health concern that largely affects women of reproductive age. Obstetrician-gynecologists (ob-gyns) have a unique opportunity to identify and support women experiencing IPV to improve women’s health. Considering recent efforts to increase IPV awareness and intervention, the present study aimed to provide a current evaluation of nationally representative samples to assess ob-gyn readiness to respond to IPV as well as patient IPV-related experiences. Methods. 400 ob-gyns were randomly selected from American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists’ (ACOG) Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network. Each physician was mailed one physician survey and 25 patient surveys. Results. IPV training/education and IPV screening practices were associated with most measures of ob-gyn readiness to respond to IPV. Among respondents, 36.8% endorsed screening all patients at annual exams; however, 36.8% felt they did not have sufficient training to assist individuals in addressing IPV. Workplace encouragement of IPV response was associated with training, screening, detection, preparation/knowledge, response practices, and resources. Thirty-one percent of patients indicated their ob-gyn had asked about possible IPV experiences during their medical visit. Conclusion. Findings highlight specific gaps in ob-gyns’ IPV knowledge and response practices to be further addressed by IPV training.

MSW Graduates’ Readiness to Respond to Intimate Partner Violence

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to better understand the relationship among factors affecting social workers’ overall readiness to respond to intimate partner violence (IPV) in a sample of recent MSW graduates (N = 205). Findings suggest MSW IPV education and postgraduate IPV training are significantly associated with perceived preparedness and perceived knowledge but not actual knowledge of IPV. Personal experience with IPV was also significantly associated with perceived knowledge but not perceived preparedness. Furthermore, perceived knowledge appears to be positively associated with perceived preparedness. Findings can inform social work educators’ strategies to increase students’ perceived preparedness to respond to IPV. Specific IPV topics that MSW graduates might be particularly underprepared in are also discussed.

Background and Clinical Knowledge of Intimate Partner Violence: A Study of Primary Care Residents and Medical Students at a United States Medical School.

Purpose: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant public health issue that affects the physical and mental health of victims. However, residents and medical students may not receive adequate training to effectively identify and intervene with patients who may be victims of IPV. The purpose of this study is to examine the background and clinical knowledge of IPV among primary care residents and medical students in the United States of America.Methods: Third and fourth year medial students (n=65) and primary care residents (n=60) participated in an online survey in 2013.Results: While the majority of the participants reported IPV was an important and relevant issue for their practice, approximately half of them had never talked about IPV with patients. Residents reported higher levels of background and knowledge of IPV than medical students. Knowing a victim of IPV, confidence about talking to patients about IPV, and talking to patients about IPV would be helpful to increase levels of background and knowledge of IPV.Conclusions: This study found that background and clinical knowledge of IPV can potentially affect physicians' approach with IPV victims. This study also demonstrated the need for future research in the development of effective programs and trainings to help bridge the gap between knowledge and implementation in medical practice.

P124: Determining ED staff awareness and knowledge of intimate partner violence and available tools

Introduction: Domestic violence (DV) rates in smaller cities have been reported to be some of the highest in Canada. It is highly likely that emergency department staff will come across victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) in their daily practice. Elsewhere we have found low rates of IPV documentation as well as underutilization of current tools in the ED. The purpose of this study is to describe ED staff awareness and knowledge surrounding IPV, currently accepted screening questions, and available screening tools. Methods: To assess awareness and knowledge, a cross-sectional online survey was distributed to ED staff (LPNs, NPs, Physicians, Residents, RNs) via staff email lists three times between July and October 2016, with a response rate of 45.9% (n=55). The primary outcomes were correct identification of appropriate IPV questions. Secondary outcomes included awareness of screening tools (HITS, WAST, PVS, AAS), whose role it is to question patients, and whether or not formal training has been received. Results: When asked to identify recommended questions for asking about IPV, staff were more likely to choose screening questions (75.3%; 95% CI 69.3% to 80.6%) compared to questions that are not recommended (23.8%; 95% CI 19.4% to 30.7%). However, 87.3% of respondents were not aware of current screening tools. 49.1% believed that all patients with typical injuries (ex. facial injury), should have further questioning about IPV, 20% believed that all patients with any injury, and 16.4% believed that all patients should be questioned about IPV. 89.1% also felt that it is both the physician and nurse’s role to question patients about IPV. Finally, 81.8% of ED staff did not receive any formal training on domestic or intimate partner violence. Conclusion: The present study indicates that there may be a gap in education surrounding this high risk condition as seen by the lack of knowledge surrounding current tools, lack of consensus on who should be questioned, and lack of training. Therefore, introduction of a knowledge translation piece may be beneficial to both ED physicians and nurses.

Training healthcare providers to respond to intimate partner violence against women

Training healthcare providers to respond to intimate partner violence against women

Coping styles used by sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence.

This study examined the coping styles used by sexual minority men who have experienced intimate partner violence, including sexual, emotional and physical victimisation, as well as physical injury. Although sexual minority men experience intimate partner violence at least as often as do heterosexuals, there is currently limited knowledge of intimate partner violence in this community or resources for sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence. Cross-sectional design. Sexual minority men (N=89) were recruited as part of a national online survey and completed questionnaires assessing lifetime experiences of intimate partner violence as well as various coping strategies. In terms of intimate partner violence, 34·8% of participants reported having been targets of sexual abuse, 38·2% targets of physical abuse, 69·7% targets of psychological abuse and 28·1% had experienced an injury as a result of intimate partner violence during their lifetime. Canonical correlation analyses found that intimate partner violence victimisation explained 32·5% of the variance in adaptive and 31·4% of the variance in maladaptive coping behaviours. In the adaptive coping canonical correlation, standardised loadings suggested that sexual minority men who experienced intimate partner violence resulting in injury were more likely to use religious coping, but less likely to use planning coping. In the maladaptive coping canonical correlation, sexual minority men who had been targets of intimate partner sexual victimisation and intimate partner violence resulting in injury tended to engage in increased behavioural disengagement coping. This study revealed several coping behaviours that are more or less likely as the severity of different forms of intimate partner violence increases. The identification of these coping styles could be applied to the development and modification of evidence-based interventions to foster effective and discourage ineffective coping styles, thereby improving outcomes for sexual minority men who experience intimate partner violence.

Rurality's Influence on Women's Intimate Partner Violence Experiences and Support Needed for Escape and Healing in Australia

ABSTRACTA key factor for increasing help-seeking behavior among women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) lies in better understanding how social environment affects decisions about when and why individuals take action to end IPV. This article presents original data from 36 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with women IPV survivors living in rural Australia to address urban-centric and quantitative biases in much IPV research. Derived from first-hand experiences, results reveal rurality's systemic challenges (economic disadvantage, unemployment, lack of informal support, limited availability/access to sociolegal and formal support services due to transportation and parenting responsibilities, quality alternative housing, and timely/relevant crisis counseling) exacerbated personal capacity to end IPV and sociopsychological factors (stigma, isolation, lack of anonymity, abusive partners’ controlling behavior, and normative violence) thwarted IPV disclosure, help seeking, and healing in rural communities. Collectively, women's experiences evidence IPV's complexity as a social problem, misperceived definition, and breadth of influence. In-depth insights highlight location and culture's relevance to IPV knowledge, experience, service provision, and uptake, suggesting benefits may arise if practitioners and policy makers tailor IPV information and services, specifically crisis housing and counseling, in light of how rurality systemically stymies and psychologically affects women's best efforts to escape and heal.

Preparation of Australian and Spanish nursing students for intimate partner violence

Objective : Throughout the world intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant issue and it is important that nurses contribute to policy development, as well as to the nursing care of families. Nurses are uniquely positioned to identify, and support women experiencing IPV. For them to contribute to policy development, they need firstly to develop a better understanding of the issue and to their role in addressing it. This study explored and compared perceptions, attitudes and knowledge of IPV of nursing students in Australia and Spain. Methods : Students from all levels of the nursing programs in both countries participated in focus groups and a follow up survey exploring their understanding of, and attitudes towards IPV. The data from the focus groups was analysed thematically and the quantitative data from the survey statistically. Results : Spanish nursing students had significantly more positive/comprehensive views about the role nurses have in managing IPV, had a stronger view about the nurses’ role and that they were more prepared. Although the Australian and Spanish participants were not identical, for example, the Australian sample was predominantly female and over the age of 35, these factors do not explain why the difference. The study was only undertaken in one Australian University and one Spanish university so results cannot be generalised to either country. Conclusions : The findings suggest that there may be much more that could be done to prepare nurses to deal with issues of IPV and to take a lead role in recommending policy changes worldwide.