Gender Knowledge Research Articles

The comprehension of clitic gender in child heritage and second language Spanish: evidence from a dual language program

Despite the growth of dual-language programs in the United States, few studies have examined how children acquire Spanish through immersion. This article compares how heritage speakers (HS) and English-fluent Spanish L2 learners (L2L) immersed in Spanish comprehend gender in direct object clitics, an area of Spanish grammar prone to bilingual effects. A total of 78 English-dominant children enrolled in a dual language school participated in the experiment: 24 HS (6 in 2nd grade, 10 in 4th/5th grade, 8 in 7th/8th grade) and 54 L2L (16 in 2nd grade, 20 in 4th/5th grade, 18 in 7th/8th grade). Participants completed a forced-choice task which tested their ability to select target-like clitic gender after hearing sentences such as ‘La niña está tocando la guitarra (feminine). ¿Qué hace?' The girl is playing the guitar (feminine). What does she do? * ‘Lo toca' (masculine singular clitic)/ ‘La toca' (feminine singular clitic) She plays it. Results did not reveal any significant differences at the p < 0.05 level between the HS and L2L groups with accuracy in clitic gender. We found that in receptive knowledge of masculine clitic gender, the HS and L2L children had very similar scores in the 2nd grade and showed a similar improvement in accuracy by the 7th/8th grades. However, we did not find a similar pattern of growth in children's ability to select target-like feminine gender in either group. We discuss our findings and propose possible implications for immersion programs.

Gender and endogenous knowledge inclusion for agroforestry systems improvement in Benin, West Africa

In West Africa, and Benin particularly, local forest resources can potentially contribute to both increasing and stabilizing soil productivity. However, these resources continue to be neglected with efforts instead concentrated on promoting exotic species. This study aimed to prioritize local agroforestry species on agricultural landscape by investigating the gendered, socio-demographic and agro-pedological factors of local knowledge and use of agroforestry species amongst small-holder farmers in Benin. An agroforestry inventory combined with an ethno-agroforestry survey was conducted on 364 farms with 364 farmers. A cluster analysis based on farmers' socio-demographic and agroecological factors was used to cluster farmers into two homogeneous agroforestry systems. Median score, species diversity and ecological networks were established for these two systems. Results illustrate that gendered difference exist between the priority that farmers give to multi-purpose species and this prioritization depends on priority ecosystem services for farmers and gender. Therefore, it would be useful first to consider gender and specific needs of each category of farmer to optimize the choice of agroforestry species to be promoted in such systems. The successful introduction of identified species through extension programs requires more advanced research related to the real contribution of these species to farmland fertilization, as well as the nutrient transmission pathways to associated crops in an agroforestry system to address simultaneously specific ecological, economic and socio-cultural sustainability criteria, as well as improved crop production.

Stimulus Selection Based on Gender Ratios: Gender Ratios are Indicative of Both Stereotypical and Conceptual Gender.

This paper explores how the use of gender ratios to inform stimulus selection affects the activation of gendered social information. It investigates if stimuli selected this way can activate gender stereotype knowledge and/or conceptual gender knowledge. This was tested through attribute naming (Study 1) and rating (Study 2) tasks, with component and regression analysis allowing for examination of the nature of gender ratios at both attribute and component levels. The results provide rich information about the nature of gender ratio information as a means of stimulus selection, and in doing so support both conceptualisations as long as researchers acknowledge their overlap. The results also indicate that these roles elicited both positive/prescriptive (i.e., the role is appropriate for a given gender) and negative/proscriptive beliefs (i.e., the role is not appropriate for a given gender). These findings hold important implications for future research using gender ratios.

Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America by Felicity M. Turner (review)

Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America by Felicity M. Turner (review)

Knowledge and Attitudes toward Vaccination in Croatian Adolescents, the Influence of the Internet

Objective − The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes toward vaccination among Croatian high school students and to investigate influence of internet and social networks on the reported knowledge and attitudes.Materials and Methods − A convenient sample of 1012 adolescents aged 17 to 19 years was included in the study. Data regarding sociodemographic factors, habits of informing oneself regarding the health status, vaccination and vaccines and knowledge of and attitudes toward vaccination were collected.Results − The study showed that Croatian adolescents most often obtained information regarding vaccination from the internet, although they reported health professionals to be the most reliable source. Adolescents reported poor knowledge about vaccination. Better knowledge was reported by adolescents who inform themselves about vaccination through scientific literature or school teachers than those who use the internet and social contacts. Results showed that the negative attitude toward vaccination was associated with the internet as the source of information, female gender and poor knowledge about vaccination.Conclusion − Adolescent mostly get information about vaccination on the internet as the easiest accessible source. Efforts should be made to make relevant sources of information more available to adolescents since good knowledge correlates with positive attitude toward vaccination.

Is Artificial Intelligence Gender-Free? What Does Feminist Epistemology Say About That?

I start my contribution with some general questions: Is AI gendered? Is AI sexist or can it be? Does AI include gendered knowledge and suppositions? If so, how? After that, I proceed to develop my theoretical (i.e., qualitatively based) starting points with the main referential authors, Donna Haraway and Alison Adam. The fact that impersonal does not mean observer-independent (as Haraway described it in a slightly different context [1997]) is a good reason to turn to feminist epistemology, especially its concept of situated knowledges. Since knowledge (or the representation of knowledge) lies at the very centre of AI research, this makes it an appropriate vehicle for a gendered critique of AI (Adam, 2000). The concept of situated knowledges entails knowledge that reflects a perspective on a subject which is necessarily partial and limited, not universal (this is Haraway’s famous critique of the “view from nowhere”). Namely, there is no way to be simultaneously in all of the epistemologically privileged positions structured by gender, class, nation, etc. I then proceed to AI research. The knowledge engineers build systems that contain knowledge reflecting their own interests and competencies. While this representation of knowledge is usually regarded as being universal (Adam, 2000), it is hierarchical since it does not grant epistemic authority to all. Most importantly, social exclusivism and biological essentialism are re-inscribed in the ontology of AI (Adam, 2000). I address the question of which effects social and political contaminations and prejudices can bring for the development of AI. I suggest that unless we commit to deconstructing the harmful essentialisms that govern our human lives, we might just be perpetuating the same (i.e., our own and others’) practices of domination and unequal parts of privilege and oppression (Haraway, 1991) in developing AI.

Baseball, Presidents, and State Test Passages: Considering Gendered Knowledge in Literacy Research, Curricula, and Assessments

AbstractThe role of knowledge and reading comprehension has seen a recent explosion of attention from researchers, journalists, and policy advocates. Much of this discourse describes knowledge in neutral terms such as knowledge of “the world”. That knowledge of the world, however, is woven into the fabric of the gendered world we live in and its gendered education systems. In this article, we delve into three “exhibits” to highlight gendered aspects of knowledge and comprehension research and practice. In the first exhibit, we demonstrate the gendered nature of knowledge research by examining the male‐centric participant sampling and measurement design of baseball knowledge studies, which are widely cited in translational science and practitioner articles about knowledge and literacy curriculum. We then examine the gendered nature of knowledge curriculum by looking at a male‐centric unit from a popular knowledge‐focused curriculum, Core Knowledge Language Arts (CKLA). Then, we present data about the gender of authors whose passages are selected for state ELA assessments, finding that women authors are overrepresented in the elementary and underrepresented in the high school grades. As former K‐12 teachers and current researchers engaged with the everyday work of literacy teaching, we agree that knowledge‐rich curriculum supports students’ reading comprehension. Still, we call for researchers and educators to interrogate gendered discourse around knowledge and comprehension to avoid reproducing traditional gender inequities.

Phonetic smart clothing design based on gender awareness education for preschoolers

Abstract Given problems such as the late start of gender awareness education in China, the gender blurring in preschooler’s clothing, the lack of integrating gender awareness elements into preschooler’s clothing, etc., using children’s sensory functions such as vision, touch, and hearing, a phonetic intelligence module with alarm sounds and warning words is implanted into special parts of children’s clothing. When children gently touch the part, it can make a sound. This kind of smart clothing for preschoolers, which is both interesting and educational, enables children to understand gender knowledge more intuitively, have a certain gender awareness to better protect their private parts of the body, and develop a correct view of gender roles and a sound personality.

Primary School Teachers’ Knowledge of Assistive Technologies for Students with Dyslexia and Dysgraphia in Abu Dhabi

This study aimed to determine the knowledge level of primary school teachers regarding their gender-based variations and the obstacles they face with using Assistive Technologies (ATs) for students suffering from dyslexia and dysgraphia in Abu Dhabi, UAE. For this purpose, a three-point Likert scale questionnaire was used to get teachers’ responses. The study’s main findings revealed that teachers have a high degree of knowledge about some of these technologies, such as highlighters, pen grips, voice recorders, and specific software applications. It also reveals significant gender differences in teachers’ knowledge of some of these technologies, with male teachers being more familiar with voice-based tools and female teachers being more familiar with visual and tactile tools. The most significant challenge was the short class timings, followed by the teachers’ lack of knowledge and training about the relevant ATs. This prevented primary school teachers from knowing ATs for students with dyslexia and dysgraphia. The findings contributed to the limited literature on gender knowledge levels and obstacles faced by teachers in using ATs for students with dyslexia and dysgraphia. Further, future directions for research are suggested.

Gendering innocence: An empirical inquiry into the lived experience of gender incongruence in childhood

AbstractGender diversity in childhood has become an issue of significant public debate in Britain. Growing concerns have amassed around the exposure of children and adolescents to new forms of gendered knowledge and expression, arousing discourses of childhood ‘vulnerability’ and ‘innocence’. These ideas draw on a specific framework for understanding ‘childhood’, in which children are depicted as passive, dependent and in need of protection, as they follow a universal, predetermined developmental pathway. Among other effects, this has resulted in a dearth of empirical research that has explored gender diversity as a developmental experience in childhood. This article draws on evidence from interviews with 40 gender and sex variant young people and 30 caregivers of transgender children. Participants' accounts illustrate the deep psychic investment in embodied gender incongruence that young people may manifest from the earliest years of childhood. They highlight the profound distress sometimes experienced by children denied external recognition of their internal (gendered) selves and required to conform to extraneous expectations informed by essentialist understandings of biological sex. Far from ‘innocent’ of gender (difference), children can be deeply and actively involved in creating and adopting gendered subject positions, sometimes generating unanticipated forms of diversity.

Determinant Analysis of People with Mental Disorders (ODGJ) Re-hospitalization at Lampung Province Mental Hospital

The burden of disease in Indonesia from mental disorders is 13.4%. People with re-hospitalized mental disorders become a burden on the family, and the determinants of this behavior include age, gender, education, and work and family knowledge. The study aimed to analyze the determinants of rehospitalization at the Regional Psychiatric Hospital Lampung Province. Methods; This type of quantitative research with cross-sectional design. The family population of ODGJ. The research sample comprised 404 people who completed interviews with 5 informants. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate (chi-square) multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression). Result; there was no relationship between age (p= 0.459), gender (p= 0.251), and occupation (p=0.191) with rehospitalization. Meanwhile, the education variable (p=0.018; OR=2.060) and family knowledge (p=0.000; OR=3.107) showed a significant relationship with rehospitalization. The results of multivariate analysis showed that the most dominant determinant of rehospitalization was family knowledge (p=0.000; OR=3.04) after controlling for education variables. Conclusions and Suggestions: Age, gender, and occupation are not determinants of rehospitalization while education and knowledge of the family are determinants of rehospitalization in the Lampung Provincial Hospital. This study suggests education about the benefits of re-hospitalization: Provide clear and comprehensive information to patients and their families about the benefits of re-hospitalization.

Exploring blockchain technology acceptance among non-managerial construction practitioners in Shenzhen, China

PurposeProblems such as information asymmetry and a lack of trust among construction practitioners damage the quality and progress of construction projects. The decentralization, transparency, traceability and temper-proof nature of blockchain technology (BCT) can provide solutions and facilitate multiparty cooperation. However, BCT acceptance in the construction industry is relatively low, and there are few pilot projects adopting BCT. Most relevant literature focuses on BCT acceptance at the industry and organizational levels, but the impact of non-managerial practitioners executing BCT or the traditional approach in day-to-day work tends to be disregarded. This study aims to establish a theoretical model of BCT acceptance, identify key influencing factors and paths of behavioral intention to adopt BCT and promote strategies to enhance BCT adoption.Design/methodology/approachA new BCT acceptance model for construction practitioners was proposed. A survey was performed with 203 construction practitioners in Shenzhen, China and post-survey interviews were conducted with four BCT experts for validation. Covariance-based structural equation modeling was used to examine the influence paths and moderating effect analysis was performed to check practitioners’ differential perceptions.FindingsPerformance expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and perceived behavioral control significantly and positively influence behavioral intention to accept BCT, while impacts from effort performance and risk are negative. Overcoming obstacles related to the effort required for BCT adoption and effective risk management will be essential to unlocking BCT’s transformative potential. Then, the moderating effects of respondents’ gender, degree and BCT knowledge as well as the project type involved were analyzed. Continued adoption of BCT in the construction industry has the potential to revolutionize project management, transparency and trust among stakeholders.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings of this research can help practitioners and government agencies understand crucial influencing factors and pathways of BCT acceptance. Targeted measures, such as increasing practitioners’ benefits and sense of BCT usefulness, conducting pilot projects and increasing publicity, were proposed for project leadership teams to enhance BCT adoption. This may lead to increased efficiency, reduced disputes and more streamlined and secure construction processes, ultimately enhancing the industry’s overall performance.Originality/valueFew studies have explored BCT acceptance from the perspective of non-managerial construction practitioners. The BCT acceptance model proposed in this study is a novel adaptation of previous technology acceptance models, with new factors (risk and perceived behavioral control) and moderating variables (degree, BCT knowledge and project type) added for better understanding of non-managerial practitioners’ perceptions and differences.

Prevalence and Predictors of Risky Sexual Behavior in HIV-Infected Adolescents: A Study from Kaduna, Nigeria

Background: The prevalence of risky sexual behavior among HIV-infected adolescents is a public health challenge, especially in regions with a high HIV burden like Sub-Saharan Africa. This study explores the prevalence and predictors of such behaviors among adolescents receiving care in a youth-friendly clinic in Kaduna, Nigeria. Methods: In a cross-sectional study conducted at a tertiary hospital's youth-friendly clinic, we analyzed data from 200 HIV-infected adolescents aged 13 to 19 years. The revised Risky Sexual Behaviour Questionnaire (RSBQ) provided comprehensive data, which was subjected to logistic regression analysis to identify significant predictors of risky sexual behaviors. Results: The study found a 45% prevalence of risky sexual behaviors among participants. Logistic regression analysis indicated significant predictors including male gender (OR = 2.1), lower education level (OR = 2.5), and poor HIV-related knowledge (OR = 2.8). Conclusions: Nearly half of the HIV-infected adolescents engaged in risky sexual practices, with significant predictors identified across gender, education, and HIV knowledge domains. These findings underscore the urgent need for targeted educational and behavioral interventions tailored to this vulnerable population.

The “aroma of citrus” as transnational queer digital culture: Girls’ Love webtoons in contemporary China

Abstract This commentary focuses on a rising transnational queer Chinese digital culture—Girls’ Love (GL) webtoons. I consider this queer women-focused entertainment as an epitome of the queer convergence of transnational flows, women’s cultures, and digital platform technologies in today’s Asia. My discussion sheds light on its multilayered queer-transnational characteristics, as well as the controversies surrounding its transcultural mediation of queer women. Rather than simplifying it as an anti-heterocentric Chinese convergence culture in an age of globalization and digitization, I highlight GL webtoons’ role in stimulating various voices concerning women during transnational encounters of gender and sexual knowledge.

Тренды гендерных исследований в физкультурном образовании и спорте

The relevance of the research is determined by the necessity to analyze and summarize the results of gender studies devoted to physical education and sports. The objective of the research is to identify the trends in scientific studies in the field of physical education and sports using the method of a literature review of papers based on the gender approach. The research hypothesizes that gender studies in the field of physical education and sports are carried out in line with the main trends reflecting the specifics in the development of these areas of scientific theory and practice. Methods. The research has been carried out with the help of such methods as theoretical study and analysis of publications in scientific journals on the issue of physical education and sports based on the gender approach, synthesis, and methods of logical generalizations. Results. The research has actualized the necessity to analyze scientific publications in the field of physical education and sports, based on the gender approach, and the need to initiate the study integrating gender knowledge in the fields of pedagogy, physical education and sports. The research has also identified the trends of gender studies in the field of physical education and sports. The most significant among them are the theoretical-methodological and scientific-methodological foundations of the gender approach in physical education and sports; gender equality in the field of physical education and sports; sex, age and gender characteristics of the subjects of educational relations; sex and gender differences in particular kinds of sports. Conclusions. The listed trends attract attention of researchers to a great extent. At the same time, the direction associated with the study of gender aspects of value-semantic and motivational-volitional qualities of athletes and students requires further intensive scientific developments. The study determines gender characteristics of students’ motivation at the departments of physical education and sports as a perspective direction for further theoretical and empirical research.

Cross-linguistic effects in grammatical gender assignment and predictive processing in L1 Greek, L1 Russian, and L1 Turkish speakers of Norwegian as a second language

The present study examines grammatical gender knowledge in offline production (gender marking on indefinite articles) and online gender processing (visual world paradigm) in adult second language (L2) learners of Norwegian with three different first languages (L1s): Greek, Russian, and Turkish. In particular, it investigates the role of the following factors: (1) presence vs. absence of grammatical gender in L1 (Norwegian, Greek and Russian have gender, whereas Turkish does not), (2) lexical gender congruency, (3) structural similarity between L1 and L2 in the realization of gender, and (4) proficiency in L2. In offline production, no difference was found between the three L2 groups: they all overused the default gender (masculine). However, L1 effects were observed in the eye-tracking task, where the high-proficiency L1 Greek and L1 Russian speakers showed earlier and more prominent signs of predictive gender processing compared to the high-proficiency L1 Turkish speakers. There were no effects of lexical gender congruency or structural similarity. This suggests that, when it comes to predictive gender processing, what matters is proficiency and the presence vs. absence of grammatical gender in the L1. We interpret the findings in the context of current approaches to predictive processing emphasizing the role of cue reliability and utility.

Introduction: Gender and Popular Music Knowledge

ABSTRACT This special issue of Popular Music and Society on gender and popular music knowledge considers feminized ways of listening to and knowing about popular music that have occupied the margins of media representations and popular music studies. By way of introduction, we consider classic and recent work on gender and popular music, the traditional confines of popular music knowledge-making, and how centering the knowledge of women and girls broadens our understanding of popular music.

Felicity M. Turner. Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America.

Felicity M. Turner. <i>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</i>.

:Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America

:<i>Proving Pregnancy: Gender, Law, and Medical Knowledge in Nineteenth-Century America</i>

Gender Difference in Nutritional Knowledge, Dietary Pattern and Nutritional Status of Undergraduates in Tartous University, Syria

Introduction: Poor nutritional knowledge at early stage of life suggests developing poor dietary habits that later leads to obesity and attendant complications of non-communicable diseases. This study examined gender differences in nutritional knowledge, dietary pattern and the prevalence of overweight/obesity among students of a private tertiary institution in Tartous University, Syria. Materials and Method: A total of 214 students were used for this study and were selected from the six colleges of the university. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on personal and lifestyle characteristics, feeding pattern and physical activity. Weight and height measures were used to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi square test at 5% level of significance. Results: The mean age of the students was 20.89±3.89years. Monthly allowance of ≥500, 000.00 Syrian pound was received by 64% of the students; 79.9% and 78% of them had fathers and mothers respectively with university degree. Physical body exercise was not done by 40.2% of the students. More than two thirds (69.2%) of the students took &lt; 3meals/day and 59.8% of them skipped breakfast. Dietary diversity of the students showed 71.0% and 20.6% of average and high score respectively. The mean BMI was 24.60±3.70. The students had BMI &lt;25 (63.6%) and ≥25 (36.4%). Nutritional knowledge of the students reflected 10.7% (low), 72.9% (average) and 16.4% (high). There was no gender difference BMI, knowledge and dietary diversity. Conclusion: The study reveals inadequate nutritional knowledge, poor feeding habits and dietary diversity and high prevalence of overweight/obesity. Great emphasis needs to be given to nutrition education and promotion among university students.