Disaster Knowledge Research Articles

Development of an Index for Forest Fire Risk Assessment Considering Hazard Factors and the Hazard-Formative Environment

Forest fires are characterized by a rapid and devastating nature, underscoring the practical significance of forest fire risk monitoring. Currently, forest fire risk assessments inadequately account for non-meteorological hazard factors, lack the hazard-formative environment and contextual disaster knowledge for fire occurrence mechanisms. In response, based on MODIS products, we augmented the FFDI (forest fire danger index) with the RDST (regional disaster system theory) and selected various fire risk indicators, including lightning. MOD14 was used for the correlation analysis of fire and its indicators. Through the amalgamation of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the entropy method, and the minimal relative entropy theory, we formulated the CFFRI (composite forest fire risk index) and assessed forest fire risks spanning from 2010 to 2019 in Southwest China, which were validated with historical disaster data and MCD64. The findings revealed that the CFFRI yields consistently higher overall fire risk values, with 89% falling within the high-risk category and 11% within the moderate-risk category. In contrast, the FFDI designated 56% of cases as fourth-tier fire risks and 44% as third-tier fire risks. Notably, the CFFRI achieved an accuracy of 85% in its calculated results, while the FFDI attained 76%. These outcomes robustly demonstrate a superior applicability of the CFFRI compared with the traditional FFDI.

Level of Knowledge of Population Generations X, Y, and Z in Flood Mitigation Based on Nuwo Panggung Local Wisdom in Kelumbayaan District

The local wisdom of nuwo pangung in Kelumbayan District can play a role in mitigating flood disasters if the intergenerational population has a high level of knowledge about it. Measuring the level of knowledge of the intergenerational population regarding flood disaster mitigation based on local wisdom needs to be carried out in flood-prone areas. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of knowledge of the X, Y, and Z generations of residents in flood disaster mitigation based on local wisdom, nuwo pangung. This research uses quantitative methods. The research was conducted in Kelumbayan District. The population in this study is an intergenerational population of 8192 people. The sample consisted of 120 residents of generations X, Y, and Z. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The research variables consist of the level of flood disaster knowledge, mitigation, and nuwo Pangung local wisdom. Data collection techniques using tests. Data analysis techniques using percentage techniques. Results Research shows that 73% of the population of Generation X has a low level of knowledge, 72% of the population of Generation Y has a moderate level of knowledge, and 71% of the population of Generation Z has a high level of knowledge. The level of knowledge of the intergenerational population based on indicators is at low, medium and high levels. The level of knowledge of generation X residents in flood disaster management based on local wisdom nuwo panggung is at a low level, generation Y residents are at a moderate level, and generation Z residents are at a high level. Keywords: flood disaster, disaster mitigation, local wisdom

Aeolian activities change and possible mechanisms in central Asia on sub-orbital to decadal timescales

The aeolian activity in central Asia (CA)and its relevant dust emissions significantly influenced the global climate changes and biogeochemical cycles. Fully understanding the formation processes and mechanism of aeolian activity in CA is helpful to elevate our knowledge of global climate change, materials cycles and aeolian disasters monitoring and prevention. However, this issue is still controversial at present. We systematically review and integrate the geological archives and instrumental data to trace the variations of aeolian activity on sub-orbital, centennial, and decadal timescales in CA, and assessed the relationship between aeolian activity changes and climate changes, atmospheric circulation system changes and human activities. The result suggested that on the sub-orbital scale, during the past 8500 years, the low intensity and relatively stable aeolian activity occurred during the early to middle Holocene (8500-4000 Cal. Yr B.P.), followed by a more intensive/frequent and more variable aeolian activity conditions during late Holocene (4000-0 Cal. Yr B.P.). On centennial scale, over the past 1000 years, the more intensive (attenuated)aeolian activity occurred during the Little Ice Age (Medieval Warm Period). On the decadal scale, during the last century, aeolian activity in CA has decreased greatly since the 1960s, accompanied by the increasing of temperature and precipitation. Compared to the changes of climate, atmospheric circulation system and human activities, we proposed that the Siberian High (SH) which related to the temperature variations, rather than the precipitation and human activity, largely controlled aeolian activity in CA on the sub-orbital, centennial, and decadal timescales. Cooling at high latitudes markedly enhances the intensity of the SH, which is displaced southward as a result, causing the incursion of cold air masses from high latitudes which result in more robust wind regimes that provide suitable wind regimes for dust emission the study area.

Upaya Peningkatan Pengetahuan Bencana melalui Prototipe Aplikasi LANDIE (Landslide Disaster Education)

The high incidence of landslides during the rainy season still occurs frequently. Efforts have been made to increase knowledge about landslide disasters among the public. The use of technology through applications in providing knowledge about landslide disasters generally uses text and images. To address this gap, we developed a new application prototype with disaster knowledge and evacuation route navigation features called LANDIE (Landslide Disaster Education). The method used is quantitative descriptive in the form of mean and standard deviation analysis; descriptive percentage; kolmogorov-smirnov and paired sample t-test. The research results reveal that the LANDIE application prototype is effective in increasing knowledge of landslide disasters. This is supported by the findings that initial knowledge about landslide disasters is at medium criteria, with the application design being suitable for use with revisions, the application is suitable for use as a medium in disaster training, and the LANDIE application prototype is declared effective in increasing knowledge about landslide disasters.

Development of Integrated Physics E-Module Earthquake Material Based on Inquiry-Based Learning to Improve Student Competence

The Mentawai Islands were one of the areas on the island of Sumatra which are prone to earthquakes. An earthquake's main result was the destruction of buildings due to ground shaking. Presenting disaster knowledge in schools was one of the efforts to integrate disaster knowledge through the educational curriculum. Implementing disaster knowledge requires facilities that can present the disaster in real terms, namely in the form of non-printed teaching materials, one of which was e-modules. The type of research was Research and Development (R&D). Product development refers to the Plomp stage, namely the Preliminary Research, Development or Prototyping Phase and Assessment Phase. The data in this study were needs analysis data, validity, practicality, and effectiveness. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire, analysis sheet, validation sheet, practicality sheet, self-assessment sheet, and objective questions. The data analysis technique was validity analyzed by Aiken's V formula, practicality was analyzed using a Likert scale, and effectiveness was analyzed using descriptive analysis. The result of the research was that the High School Physics e-module was integrated with inquiry learning-based earthquake materials to improve students' competence with valid, practical, and effective criteria.

A jurisdictional risk assessment for the whole community: A new, systematic approach to participatory decision‐making in public health emergency preparedness using the analytic hierarchy process

AbstractIn 2018, the New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene piloted a novel jurisdictional risk assessment (JRA) for public health disasters using the analytic hierarchy process (2018 JRA‐AHP). This new approach offers a replicable and equitable model for consensus decision‐making that incorporates the complexities of disaster preparedness. Its main contribution to the field is to offer a practical manifestation of emergency management's Whole Community Approach. The 2018 JRA‐AHP applied this principle by expanding traditional definitions of ‘expertise’ to include lived experience of disaster and facilitating direct participation in the risk decision by a variety of individuals with diverse backgrounds, expertise and knowledge of public health disasters. This paper describes the theory, methods and results behind the JRA‐AHP. The paper also presents a critical analysis of public health disaster risk assessments; contextualizes the Whole Community Approach using models of the relationship between democratic governments and communities; and addresses the practical applications of the 2018 JRA‐AHP in NYC while exploring the potential challenges that other jurisdictions may face in attempted adaptation.

The Relationship between Disaster Knowledge and Disaster Preparedness Attitudes in Medical Students of Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Introduction: The incidence of natural disasters worldwide is increasing and unpredictable. As one of the high-risk disaster countries, good knowledge and disaster preparedness in Indonesia residence are needed to reduce the risk of a disaster. As agents of change, students should have competent skills in disaster situations. This study aims to determine the relationship between disaster knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes among medical students at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo (UNG).Method: This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design and uses a total sampling technique on active UNG medical students during the research period. The research was conducted at the UNG Faculty of Medicine from September to November 2022. The research instrument used a questionnaire that had been used in previous studies. The independent variable is disaster knowledge, while the dependent variable is disaster preparedness attitudes. Bivariate analysis was carried out using the chi-square test to determine the relationship between the two variables.Results: Of the 208 respondents, most have a high level of disaster knowledge of 81.7%. The description of disaster preparedness attitudes shows that most respondents have a good attitude towards disaster preparedness, namely 52.4%. There is no significant relationship between disaster knowledge and preparedness attitudes (p-value 0.160).Conclusion: There is no relationship between disaster knowledge and disaster preparedness attitudes among UNG medical students. It is hoped that the institution will continue to develop disaster education so that students can have better disaster knowledge and be able to deal with disaster situations. Key words: Attitude, disaster, knowledge, preparedness

Embodying the inquiry: Disaster, affectivity, and the localized politics of security

The responsibilizing of civil society for security has been well analysed in recent years, but the place of the public inquiry as an important site of negotiations over issues of affect in security has been largely under-acknowledged. This article investigates the scope, recommendations, and forensic investigation of the Manchester Arena Inquiry, an inquiry established in the wake of the 2017 bombing and which prefigures the gaze of the UK’s forthcoming ‘Protect Duty’. Once formalized, this Duty will situate venue workers as crucial embodiments of national counter-terrorism priorities. The paper shows how contestations over affective embodiments of security are navigated across the Inquiry, with national security articulated as being produced exclusively in local spaces, and through a body divorced from its experience via sophisticated management techniques. We find how security is imagined through local workers becoming ‘watchfully-anxious’, with routinized tasks and training deployed to generate this necessary destabilization. Bodies of venue staff must be displaced and moved around, opening space for racialized encounters – where these encounters are rendered necessarily productive of security, regardless of their result. Workers are required to confess, defending their role in security failure and situating them within national priorities. Through close analysis of the Inquiry’s reports, and drawing from interviews with UK disaster management experts, the discussion reveals how the Manchester Arena Inquiry positions national security as produced through low-paid workers defending the minutiae of their jobs in the context of the local venue. Through its forensic investigation and detail-oriented scope, the public inquiry is revealed as an important technology in the (re)production of localized forms of security knowledge, which in turn delegitimizes knowledge of disaster as structural or political.

Extracting local disaster knowledge through gamification in a flood management model community in Thailand

As risks and effects of climate hazards increase, disaster-prone communities need to gather and systematize Local Disaster Knowledge (LDK) and link it with scientific knowledge for effective disaster risk management. Methods for extracting and synthesizing local knowledge have been developed, though duplicating the methods in any other areas remains a challenge. This study utilizes the concept of gamification for knowledge extraction, and develops a game called “Local Disaster Knowledge Extracting Game: Flood management in Thailand” and designs a focus group discussion which enables easy comparison with the game. The study sets its indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of LDK extraction, and through a social experiment in a model community for community-based flood management in North Thailand, it reveals the superior benefits of the gamification in comparison to focus group discussion in extracting more knowledge related to local contexts and more locally specific knowledge and promoting the social learning enabler.

The effect of disaster knowledge on community preparedness in dealing with liquefaction disaster in Palu City, Central Sulawesi

Liquefaction occurred in Palu City on September 28, 2018 caused hundreds of casualties and thousands of buildings were damaged. The event became the Aha! Moment for many people that liquefaction disaster is real and people were not aware of the threat despite the mapping of liquefaction susceptibility in Palu had been published by Geological Agency in 2012. This study aims to analyse disaster knowledge and preparedness, as well as its influence on community preparedness in facing liquefaction. Quantitative method is used in this research by using questionnaire as primary data source to collect information regarding two variables namely disaster knowledge and community preparedness. Respondents were achieved by drawing the samples by accidental sampling. Quantitative descriptive analysis and Simple Linear Regression analysis were used to answer the objectives of this study. The results showed that disaster knowledge is in the high category generally, while community preparedness is in the medium category. Disaster knowledge has a positive and significant effect on disaster preparedness of the Palu City community in facing the threat of liquefaction, which is 43.8% with a regression coefficient of 5.013. This indicates that if disaster knowledge is higher, community preparedness will increase as well.

Analysis of compatibility of tornado material with physics material of grade xii senior high school

One way to increase disaster knowledge is integrate disaster material into physics learning in schools. For tornado material to be easily raised in the physics learning process, learning resources are needed such as physics textbooks that are integrated with tornado material. However, not all physics materials can be integrated with tornado materials. So, it is necessary to first analyse the level of compatibility of tornado materials with physics materials in senior high school. This research is descriptive research with a qualitative approach. Research data is primary data collected through documentation studies. The primary tool used in this research is an analysis table of the compatibility of tornado material with physical material. The result of this research is the compatibility of tornado material with Senior High School physics learning material class XII semester 1 with a value of 0.316 and class XII semester 2 with a value of 0.348. In class XII semester 1, only 1 of 5 subject matter has compatibility to be integrated with tornado material, namely static electricity material with a compatibility value of 0.58. In class XII semester 2, there are 2 out of 6 subject materials that have a compatibility to be integrated with tornado material, namely electromagnetic radiation, and technology material with a compatibility value of 0,67 and 0,42. The research’s finding is that physics material for class XII in semesters 1 and 2 is less compatible for integration with tornado material.

Introduction to Flood Disaster Mitigation for Early Childhood through Digital Media Learning Videos in 2023

Flooding is a natural hazard that occurs frequently in many locations in Indonesia. Flood catastrophe mitigation must be completed as a preventative measure before the disaster occurs. Flood disaster knowledge is an important learning activity for youngsters. Children can learn about flood catastrophe mitigation activities by using digital video as a learning medium. The lack of flood mitigation learning for children aged 5–6 years, as well as the children's lack of understanding of catastrophe mitigation, motivated this study. This study's data was gathered through interviews and questionnaires. The subjects of this study were five Kindergarten B students from Surabaya. The participants in this study were five Kindergarten B students from Surabaya. The study's findings indicate that digital media in the form of video can be used as a learning tool to teach early childhood flood catastrophe management. By watching digital educational video media, children are becoming more familiar with flood disasters and associated risk factors. The construction of a flood disaster management program in the form of digital instructional video media has been shown to boost early childhood knowledge and attitudes toward disaster response.

Constructing a Theoretical Framework for Assessing Community Disaster Mitigation and Preparedness

This exploratory study was carried out to gather the essential components for developing a theoretical framework for measuring community awareness of disaster management. This is to provide an effective instrument for educating individuals, communities and organizations about awareness regarding disaster preparedness and prevention in order to conduct a more thorough investigation. This theoretical framework was developed using a combination of literature research, interviews, focus group discussions, and observation. The study found that demographic characteristics, knowledge of disaster, disaster experience, attitude and awareness of disaster mitigation, exposure to mitigation and preparation as well as preparedness to respond to disaster are the main elements of the independent variables of this conceptual framework. These elements will affect community’s perceptions on managing disaster response, and thus affects individual, community and organization’s mitigation and preparedness for disaster. A proposed conceptual model for measuring the level of awareness for mitigation and preparedness in disaster management is presented. This framework implies that in preparing for disaster, people of different social context may perceive disaster differently and may even affect disaster mitigation and preparedness contrarily.

Improving knowledge of antemortem dental records through community empowerment programs in disaster-prone areas of Indonesia

Background: Indonesia is situated in the ring of fire area, which is vulnerable to natural disasters. Data from the National Board of Disaster Management (BNPB) revealed that 4650 disasters occurred in Indonesia in 2020, killing over 350 people. Aim and Objectives: The current study was conducted as part of a community empowerment program in a disaster-prone area of Indonesia. This study aimed to assess the community's understanding of the importance of dental records as antemortem data and disaster mitigation awareness. Materials and Methods: A series of lectures, counseling, and training on the management of antemortem dental records and disaster knowledge were delivered to 58 community health promoters (18 males and 40 females; ages 24-57) from the disaster-prone area. Pre-test and post-test questionnaires were used to evaluate participants’ knowledge of disaster preparedness, antemortem data, and dental records. Results: This study found that participants with a high school education had the highest average pre-test questionnaire score (78.5/100), while those with a bachelor’s degree had the highest average post-test questionnaire score (91.0/100). An improvement in the post-test scores was obtained by 55.2% of participants. However, 17.2% of the participants’ post-test scores were lower than their pre-test scores. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed that post-test scores increased significantly when compared to pre-test scores (p<0.05). Conclusion: The present study suggests that the community empowerment program positively impacts community awareness of the antemortem dental records data and disaster preparedness in disaster-prone areas.

Assessment of Disaster Preparedness and Related Knowledge Among Senior High Students in Del Pilar National High School, Cabadbaran City, Agusan Del Norte, Philippines

The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management (DRRM) are put into practice by the Department of Education (DepEd). It aimed to increase students’ degree of resilience to natural disasters by integrating Disaster Risk Reduction Management (DRRM) into the curricula and other educational programs. This study was conducted to assess the disaster preparedness and related knowledge among Senior High School students of Del Pilar National High School in Cabadbaran City. A total of 120 respondents from Grades 11 and Grade 12 were subjected to the study. An adapted and modified survey questionnaire was utilized to collect the data. A five-point Likert scale was used to evaluate the responses. The results obtained high disaster preparedness (WM- 3.88) and disaster-related-knowledge indicators (WM- 3.53) with its verbal interpretation of Prepared. This indicates a helpful indicator that the students in the study area were equipped with disaster management. While a significant correlation P< 0.0001 between age to disaster preparedness and related knowledge has been obtained. This indicates a strong relationship that age is an important factor in influencing disaster management. Further, results obtained from a high level of participants showed related knowledge, preparedness, and awareness of disasters associated with the use of effective, safe, and standardized methods. Employing the study emphasizes readiness, and resiliency while assessing the knowledge among the students in responding to the disaster. Thus, it presented information for students to improve and sustain their level of disaster preparedness to ensure safety on the school premises.

Government Capacity In Handling Tropical Cyclone Idai Induced Flooding In Chipinge District, Manicland Province, Zimbabwe To Support National Security

Tropical Cyclone Idai induced flooding hit Zimbabwe from 15-20 March 2019, killing 349 people and damaging infrastructure worthy billions of dollars. Vulnerability to tropical cyclone flood risk remains high against limited government capacity. The Hyogo Framework for Action (2005-2015) indicators were used to analyse government capacity in handling Cyclone Idai disaster. The study used qualitative methodology alongside descriptive research design. Interviews, field observations and document analysis were employed for data collection. Results of the study are: a) legal framework capacity to handle Cyclone Idai met most priority 1 indicators but with some deficiencies, b) early warning systems were satisfactory and fulfilled all priority 2 indicators, c) collaboration and ego-sectoral approach towards building resilience and a safe culture through education, knowledge and innovation fulfilled all priority 3 indicators, d) efforts to reduce flood risk factors met all priority 4 indicators, and e) the active involvement and participation of stakeholders in flood risk research, education and training met all indicators under priority 5 although a holistic disaster response plan has not been developed. Challenges faced were under-funding and inadequate resources, inattention to issues of social vulnerability and social capital, legal gaps and leadership incapacity. Capacity-building efforts implemented were trainings, increased flood risk information dissemination, participation of schools in risk reduction and environmentally friendly conservation measures. The study recommends government to strengthen legal framework, decentralize disaster experts to districts and, allocate adequate funding and resources for risk reduction. Chipinge district to formulate a disaster response plan and institutional structure, increase disaster knowledge through active community engagement and participation in disaster risk reduction to promote resilience for national security stability.

Toward establishing a knowledge graph for drought disaster based on ontology design and named entity recognition

Abstract Drought disasters have caused serious impacts on the social economy and ecological environment, which are continuously and increasingly exacerbated by climate warming and other factors. Drought disaster management usually involves processing a mass of isolated data from many fields expressed in different terminologies and formats. These heterogeneous data or so-called data silos have greatly hindered drought disaster management in an information-rich manner. Establishing a drought disaster knowledge graph can facilitate the reuse of these heterogeneous data and provide references for drought disaster management, and ontology design and named entity recognition are the two major challenges. Therefore, in this study, we first designed a drought disaster ontology by recognizing the major concepts in the drought disaster field and their relationships, which was implemented with an ontology modeling language. We next constructed a drought disaster corpus and an integrated entity recognition model that was built by integrating multiple deep learning methods. Finally, we applied the integrated entity recognition model to extract information from the CNKI literature database. The integrated model shows satisfactory results in drought disaster named entity recognition. We thus conclude that combining ontology and deep learning technology toward establishing a knowledge graph for drought disasters is promising.

Integrated first‐level psychosocial response to disasters in low‐ and middle‐income countries

AbstractThe widespread occurrence of disasters in recent times has largely been attributed to climate change, with its long‐term consequences on the welfare and mental well‐being of individuals and communities. Increasingly, studies indicate that victims of disasters may experience a range of mental health issues, with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder ranking as the most common. Low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) face unique challenges in providing proper rehabilitation and adequate mental health services after a disaster, due to poverty, lack of educational opportunities, lack of awareness and knowledge of disaster, and lack of resources and infrastructure. Despite these challenges, some LMICs have made efforts to address mental health needs in the aftermath of disasters. However, they are faced with the challenge of implementing formalised mental health support programmes. Moreover, immediate mental health support should be provided to victims of disasters to ameliorate the psychopathologies that may develop afterwards. The current approach of providing mostly physical and social relief neglects the psychosocial implications of disasters on victims. The biopsychosocial model of health, which is being advocated for, suggests that treatment should encompass all aspects of an individual's life, and thus, a team of mental health workers can provide holistic interventions to aid victims in their recovery process by making efforts to involve them in the emergency response teams usually employed during disasters.

Identification of geography teacher competency in the disaster literacy

Indonesia has a high vulnerability in natural disasters; therefore, disaster literacy is needed for the community, especially for teachers who can educate students in expanding disaster literacy. This study seeks to identify disaster literacy competence in high school geography teachers. This paper uses a descriptive percentage method. This study identifies the cognitive and psychomotor domains of natural disaster management and handling, starting from disaster mitigation, emergency response, and recovery and reconstruction stages. Based on the results of research on disaster literacy for high school geography teachers about disaster management, They have good disaster knowledge but need to be matched by skills in dealing with disasters. Also still misconceptions regarding knowledge about participation during the emergency response period.

Jordanian Nurses' Perceived Disaster Preparedness: Factors Influencing Successful Planning.

Current disaster knowledge, skills, and preparedness levels need to be evaluated to guide plans to strengthen disaster readiness. This study aimed to explore the Jordanian staff nurses' perception regarding their familiarity, attitudes, and practices for disaster preparedness (DP) to reduce the negative impacts of disasters. This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, descriptive study. The study was conducted on nurses working at governmental and private hospitals in Jordan. A convenience sample of 240 currently working nurses was recruited to participate in the study. The nurses were somewhat familiar with their role in DP (2.9 ± .84). The nurses' overall attitude towards DP was 2.2 ± 0.38, indicating that respondents had medium attitude levels. A low practice level for DP (1.59 ± 0.45) was also observed. Among the studied demographic variables, there was a significant relationship between experience and prior training with improved familiarity and practices. This indicates a need for strengthening nurses' practical skills as well as their theoretical knowledge. However, there is only a significant difference between attitude scale scores and disaster preparedness training (f = 10.120; p=0.002). The study findings support the need for more training (academic and/or institutional) to increase and improve nursing disaster preparedness locally and globally.