Knowledge Of Different Methods Research Articles

CALL Project-Based Program to Enhance Student-Teachers’ TEFL Skills

Students-teachers are students who study to become Teaching English as a Foreign language (TEFL) teachers. They receive teaching trainings, observe certified teachers’ teachings performance, and do some supervised teaching practices in EFL classrooms for the elementary and secondary stages. The current study aims at presenting a supplementary program to support a practical course on methods of teaching English as a foreign language for the elementary stage. The supplementary program has been developed by the researcher to enhance Arab Open University (AOU) student-teachers’ skills of teaching listening, speaking, reading, writing, and vocabulary for elementary stage pupils through a language project that focuses on instilling social values in these young pupils. This was mainly done with samples of practical examples, interactive discussions and tasks of practical nature posted on Learning Management System (LMS) following Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) methodology in accordance with the Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) of the course. The study has adopted the Constructoactive Model developed by Sahakian and Ghoneim (2007) to promote pupils’ knowledge of different methods of teaching English as a foreign language and to familiarize young pupils with good social values and their related vocabulary items. In addition, the supplementary program has adopted Stoller's (1997) model for developing project work. The model has proved to be helpful in promoting the student-teachers’ performance in teaching different language skills, writing lesson plans and giving demo class presentations for the developed lesson plans by using PowerPoint/Prezi presentations, open-source video/audio links and a number of software programs (such as Kahoot, Quizlet, and Grammarly).

Male or female sterilization - the decision making process: Counselling and regret

Objective(s)To analyze the decision-making process of both male and female sterilization in order to improve counselling and prevent regret after sterilization in the future. Study DesignAn online questionnaire regarding sterilization (counselling, sources of information and regret) was promoted on Facebook, Twitter and LinkedIn. A total of 1107 men and women who had undergone or considered sterilization in the Netherlands filled in the questionnaire. ResultsA total of 88.9 % of the sterilized group and 67.4 % in the considered group responded that they felt well informed when they considered sterilization. However, less than half of the participants in both groups knew about all different sterilization methods. In both groups participants reported they consulted their partner the most when they considered sterilization. After sterilization 7.7 % reported having regret. Regret was reported more often when participants were sterilized ≤ 30 years. Most important reasons for regret reported by males were complications, pain, a new wish to conceive and divorce/remarriage. Most important reasons for regret reported by females were pain, complications, a new wish to conceive and menstrual symptoms. A total of 21.1 % in the sterilized and 38.0 % in the considered group responded they would have liked to use a decision aid when they considered sterilization. ConclusionsFindings of this study provide insight in the decision-making process regarding sterilization. There is a lack of knowledge of different methods of sterilization and 7.7% regrets their sterilization afterwards. Furthermore, the results show an importance of developing a decision aid for couples considering sterilization.

An Ensemble Clustering Framework Based on Hierarchical Clustering Ensemble Selection and Clusters Clustering

Ensemble clustering combines the results of multiple individual clustering methods for better results. Basically, all available clustering methods can be combined to produce final clusters. However, selecting a subset of optimal methods can reduce the complexity and increase the efficiency of ensemble clustering methods. This article examines the problem of selecting individual clustering methods to produce an ensemble hierarchical clustering method. Hierarchical clustering is a technique for grouping data at different scales by creating dendrograms. The aim is to select a subset of individual hierarchical clustering methods considering diversity and quality that can create an ensemble clustering method with minimal complexity. The proposed method consists of three main phases. The selection of a subset of individual hierarchical clustering methods is done in the first phase. In the second phase, the results of the selected clusters are re-clustered to create super-clusters. Super-clusters can combine clustering knowledge of different methods into one clustering form. Finally, the final clusters are formed by assigning each sample to a super-cluster with the shortest distance in the third phase. Experimental results on several datasets from the University of California Irvine (UCI) repository show that the proposed method performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithms.

Windbreak stonewalls in a mountainous village of Japan: a case study of Tsuchigoya in Hongu-cho, Tanabe city

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine how people protect against strong seasonal winds from the mountains and to examine the relationship between windbreaks and local settlements.Design/methodology/approachThe study site was the Tsuchigoya area of Hongu-cho in Japan. Measurement surveys were conducted to record the distribution, heights, widths, types and current conditions of the stone walls. At the same time, interview surveys were conducted to gather information about the history and local practices of coping with strong winds.FindingsThis study contributes knowledge of different methods of coping with strong winds, such as windbreak forests, stone walls, local stones and metal wire and bars. The sloping terrain and strong winds contributed to the construction of stone walls, which influenced the residential property layout and settlement layout. Abundant stones were available at nearby rivers and it is evident that masonry craftsmanship shaped the stone walls and landscape, which should be considered as holding cultural value for the village.Research limitations/implicationsThis study has some limitations. First, because of it being the case study of one study area, the findings cannot represent all the possible situations or contexts in different regions or countries. Further studies are necessary to understand the climate-responsive knowledge of other locations to address and establish a comprehensive understanding and future suggestions.Practical implicationsBy re-examining the stone walls assembled by the people, this study was able to gain insight into such matters as the wind conditions, local topography and geography, acquisition of materials, masonry craftsmanship and social conditions such as flood influences in the area. The study showed the climate-responsive local knowledge and influence on local settings.Social implicationsIt is now necessary to record traditional disaster prevention methods, even in such small villages, to consider how the diverse methods of disaster management and resilience against climatic conditions have been preserved through the ages. The stone walls and landscape should be considered to have cultural value for the village.Originality/valueThe study showed that climate-responsive local knowledge and settlement layout have been developed through the local topography, weather conditions, resource availability and social conditions.

Risk factors and knowledge associated with high unintended pregnancy rates and low family planning use among pregnant women in Papua New Guinea

Unintended pregnancy is a major driver of poor maternal and child health in resource-limited settings. Data on pregnancy intention and use of family planning (FP) is scarce in Papua New Guinea (PNG), but are needed to inform public health strategies to improve FP accessibility and uptake. Data from a facility-based cross-sectional sample of 699 pregnant women assessed prevalence and predictors of unintended pregnancy and modern FP use among pregnant women in East New Britain Province, PNG. More than half (55%) the women reported their pregnancy as unintended. Few (18%) reported ever having used a modern FP method, and knowledge of different methods was low. Being single, separated or divorced (AOR 9.66; 95% CI 3.27–28.54), educated to a tertiary or vocational level (AOR 1.78 CI 1.15–2.73), and gravidity > 1 (AOR 1.43 for each additional pregnancy CI 1.29–1.59) were associated with unintended pregnancy; being accompanied by a male partner to ANC was associated with a reduced unintended pregnancy (0.46 CI 0.30–0.73). Factors associated with modern FP use included male partner involvement (AOR 2.26 CI 1.39–3.67) and gravidity > 1 (AOR 1.54 for each additional pregnancy CI 1.36–1.74). FP use also varied by the facility women attended. Findings highlight an urgent need for targeted interventions to improve FP knowledge, uptake and access, and male partner involvement, to reduce unintended pregnancies and their complications.

Analysis of the effect of short dikes on flow hydraulics and sedimentation in Karun River within urban boundaries of Ahwaz

Identification, analysis and prediction of the erosion and sedimentation or the increase and decrease in river bed level are among the most complex and yet up-to-date topics of deposit hydraulics and river engineering. If cross structures in rivers and canals are also to be considered the complexity of flow pattern and deposit transfer increases. In this research using the one-dimensional mathematical model HEC-RAS 4.1 the effect of short dikes on flow hydraulic and the trend of sedimentation and erosion in the Karun River were simulated and analyzed within the boundaries of Ahwaz City. The area introduced into the model started from the Ghir dike to Khoramshahr. Moreover, the Mollathani, Farsiat and Ahwaz hydrometric stations were used as the upper limit, lower limit and calibration limit of the model, respectively. The flow was assumed to be quasi-unsteady and based on the existing knowledge of different methods and experiences with the methods in other studies the Toffaleti method was used to solve the deposit equations. The model was prepared and applied in the following four states: without dike and with dikes 0.7, 1.2 and 1.7 m above the average level in the desired areas. Finally, results of the model applied with and without short dikes revealed that the short dikes and dikes 1.2 m above the average floor level of modeled areas were significantly ineffective under hydraulic conditions and morphological changes. Moreover, the majority of changes in the river bed and all the morphological changes, in general, were the result of other factors. Dikes with heights of 1.7 m above the average floor level significantly caused sedimentation in the upstream and affected the hydraulics of flow.

English

There are different ways for suicide, which widely varies from one region to another. Among the world, India still is the single largest country to face large number of suicide cases. Being a forensic expert, knowledge of different methods of suicide as well as to differentiate suicidal deaths from other types of death like homicidal and accidental death is essential. Programmed death chooser can use various methods viz. physical as well as chemical to end their own lives. Attempted suicide is an unlawful act and a person is held responsible for the immediate consequences of the act. A thorough review has been made to provide a brief explanation of each of these methods along with its medico-legal impact. KEY WORDS: Forensic, Suicide, homicidal, physical, Chemical, Medico-legal. Language: en

Functional and Aesthetic Results After Augmentation Rhinoplasty

IntroductionAugmentation rhinoplasty could be defined as the method whose goal is to increase the dimensions of the nasal pyramid, both the dorsum and the tip. For a long time, surgeons have used different kinds of materials that have often been the object of discussion.The aim of this study is to report our experience with augmentation septorhinoplasty, emphasising the type and nature of the grafts employed and the ensuing complications. Materials and methodsThis is a retrospective study describing the medical history of 188 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty surgery in our department over a period of 12 years, from January 1998 to April 2009. Of these patients, 42 underwent augmentation septorhinoplasty, which is the object of our study. ResultsIn 66% of the cases (28/42), quadrangular autologous cartilage was the “onlay” graft most widely employed; we used a single graft in 22 (85.7%) cases and a double one in the other 6 (21%).In 14 patients, it was necessary to use grafts of synthetic material: in all the cases Gore-Tex® was chosen, in 12 (28.5%) patients as the only graft material and in 2 (4.7%) used together with septal cartilage. ConclusionsNasal dorsum reconstruction requires the knowledge of different methods and surgical procedures, as well as the use of different types of grafts according to the needs of each patient. The ideal graft, which exists only as a concept, would be the one combining biocompatibility, a low complication rate and results that remained stable for a long time.At present, autologous cartilage, and more precisely septal cartilage, is still the first option for augmentation rhinoplasty. If septal cartilage is not available, we always turn to conchal cartilage grafts, from one or both sides depending on the amount of cartilage required.

Resultados funcionales y estéticos tras rinoplastia de aumento

Introduction Augmentation rhinoplasty could be defined as the method whose goal is to increase the dimensions of the nasal pyramid, both the dorsum and the tip. For a long time, surgeons have used different kinds of materials that have often been the object of discussion. The aim of this study is to report our experience with augmentation septorhinoplasty, emphasising the type and nature of the grafts employed and the ensuing complications. Material and method This is a retrospective study describing the medical history of 188 patients who underwent septorhinoplasty surgery in our Department over a period of 12 years, from January 1998 to April 2009. Of these patients, 42 underwent augmentation septorhinoplasty, which is the object of our study. Results In 66% of the cases (28/42), quadrangular autologous cartilage was the “onlay” graft most widely employed; we used a single graft in 22 (85.7%) cases and a double one in the other 6 (21%). In 14 patients, it was necessary to use grafts of synthetic material: in all the cases Gore-Tex® was chosen, in 12 (28.5%) patients as the only graft material and in 2 (4.7%) used together with septal cartilage. Conclusions Nasal dorsum reconstruction requires the knowledge of different methods and surgical procedures, as well as the use of different types of grafts according to the needs of each patient. The ideal graft, which exists only as a concept, would be the one combining biocompatibility, a low complication rate and results that remained stable for a long time. At present, autologous cartilage, and more precisely septal cartilage, is still the first option for augmentation rhinoplasty. If septal cartilage is not available, we always turn to conchal cartilage grafts, from one or both sides depending on the amount of cartilage required.

The use and perception of methods and product representations in product development: A survey of Swedish industry

The identification and implementation of customer requirements in the early stages of product development are significant issues for successful product development. Two important factors in this context are: (i) the use of methods to identify customer requirements, and (ii) the use of product representations to support the communication with customers in early product evaluations. The aim of this study has been to investigate the use and perceptions of methods and product representations in Swedish companies, and its possible impact on problems associated with late-discovered customer requirements. The survey shows that most companies have good knowledge of different methods and that several different methods for identifying and analysing customer requirements are used. In addition, traditional product representations, such as construction design drawings and hand-made sketches, are commonly used. The number of companies that use rapid prototyping is surprisingly high. Furthermore, the study reveals that late discovered product requirements are fairly common. There are indications that the use of certain methods and product representations may reduce this problem. However, the study also shows that product development processes tend to be focused on time-related efficiency rather than customer-related activities for improved product quality.