Knowledge Of Different Aspects Research Articles

Gynecologists and pelvic inflammatory disease: do we actually know what to do?: A cross-sectional study in Jordan.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an upper genital tract infection caused by a variety of aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms ascending from the cervix or vagina. Though PID is mainly a sexually transmitted disease; 15% are non-sexually transmitted.[1] In our study, we aim to assess gynecologists' understanding and awareness of PID; as it presents an important health issue affecting the Jordanian community and similar communities with the same cultural and religious backgrounds. A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online questionnaire that received responses from 172 gynecologists in Jordan. The questionnaire aimed at testing gynecologists' knowledge of different aspects of PID starting with diagnosis and ending with management. 68.6% of gynecologists acknowledged that PID is a problem in Jordan. However, obvious confusion was observed in the scopes of clinical presentation, choosing the most reliable PID investigations, and treatment. PID is not being addressed properly in a sexually conservative community that has low rates of sexually transmitted diseases like Jordan, which is misleading and dangerous. In addition, we think there is a lack of certain standards on how to define PID and acknowledge its effect on the community as well as the disappointing level of knowledge about different aspects of PID gynecologists show, starting with its prevalence and ending with treatment policy. Clearer guidelines for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of PID should be adopted. These findings should be acknowledged by all doctors from neighboring countries as well as those within similar communities to Jordan.

Educational Scale-Bridging Approach towards Modelling of Electric Potential, Electrochemical Reactions, and Species Transport in PEM Fuel Cell

The use of hydrogen fuel cells as a mobile source of electricity could prove key to the future decarbonisation of heavy-duty road and marine transportation. Due to the complex interplay of various physicochemical processes in fuel cells, further development of these devices will depend on concerted efforts by researchers from various fields, who often lack in-depth knowledge of different aspects of fuel cell operation. These knowledge gaps can be filled by information that is scattered in a wide range of literature, but is rarely covered in a concise and condensed manner. To address this issue, we propose an educational-scale-bridging approach towards the modelling of most relevant processes in the fuel cell that aims to adequately describe the causal relations between the processes involved in fuel cell operation. The derivation of the model equations provides an intuitive understanding of the electric and chemical potentials acting on protons at the microscopic level and relates this knowledge to the terminology commonly used in fuel cell research, such as catalyst electric overpotential and internal membrane resistance. The results of the model agreed well with the experimental data, indicating that the proposed simple mathematical description is sufficient for an intuitive understanding of fuel cell operation.

Evaluation of Glucose Level- controlling Behaviour for Clients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing and poses a worrying sign and threat to global health unless interventions are created through community awareness and knowledge of different aspects of diabetes mellitus. (Rania Ayad Abdul Karim and Huda Adnan Habib, 2022). Objective: this study aims to evaluate glucose level controlling behaviors for clients with diabetes. Methods : The current investigation is conducted utilizing an experimental design with a control group method from November 25, 2021, to November 20, 2023. Statistical sample of (60) diabetic clients who are present, chosen at random. The sample is chosen at random, with 30 clients in each of the experimental and control groups being evenly dispersed.. Results: 50.0% (30) of the sample at age (36-45) years, according to the research 49 out of the sample's 81.7% of men were male. 40 out of the sample, or 66.7%, were married. 16.2% (26.7%) of the sample had at least a bachelor's degree. 30 out of the sample's 50.0% were employed. 58.3% (35) of the sample are rural residents, making up 71.7% (43) of the sample's socioeconomic status. All questions were significant at the p-value of 0.000, with the exception of the ones asking whether or not you assess your blood sugar levels after receiving a diagnosis. These questions were both non-significant at the p-value of 0.250 and 0.094, respectively. Conclusions: The study concluded that the respondents answers were good since the answers were significant

Understanding the gap between knowledge and practice of handwashing in rural India: evidence from a cross-sectional study.

Limited studies in India had captured the gap in knowledge and practice of handwashing in the community. This study assesses the gap in knowledge and practice of handwashing in rural India. The study was conducted across 10 districts in five states of India - Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Maharashtra, Odisha and West Bengal from December 2021 to January 2022 by the SIGMA Foundation, Kolkata in collaboration with UNICEF India. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, creation of indices and multinomial logistic regression were employed. Findings demonstrated that both knowledge of different aspects of hand hygiene and practice of handwashing with soap and water (HWWS) at critical times varied by socio-economic groups and also across the districts/states. Half of the respondents used only water to wash their hands after taking meals, before serving food, whenever their hands seemed dirty and before eating or cooking. Overall, the 'HWWS knowledge index' was 0.46, whereas the 'HWWS practice index' was 0.36. The correlation coefficient between the two was 0.36. The HWWS practice index was lower than the HWWS knowledge index for 50% of the sampled households. Both HWWS knowledge and practice indices were higher among females, higher educated and younger population. The gap between handwashing practice and knowledge was also higher among females and higher educated.

Adherence of Spanish pediatricians to "do not do" guidelines to avoid low-value care in pediatrics.

This research is the first nationwide study in Spain to analyze the adequacy of "do not do" pediatric clinical recommendations. The study showed a high level of compliance by Spanish pediatricians with these recommendations. However, there is a lack of knowledge in less frequent infectious pathologies such as HIV or fungal infections, in not prolonging antibiotic treatment unnecessarily and directing it appropriately according to the antibiogram results. These aspects may be improved by designing measures to enhance pediatricians' knowledge in these specific aspects. Some demographical factors are related to higher adequacy. Performing this research in other countries may allow assessing the current clinical practice of pediatricians. • Low-value care is defined as care that delivers little or no benefit, may cause patients harm, or outcomes marginal benefits at a disproportionately increased cost. • Few nationwide studies have assessed adherence to "do not do" guidelines, especially in pediatric settings. • Albeit there is a high level of compliance by Spanish pediatricians with the «do not do» recommendations, there is a lack of knowledge in different aspects that may be improved. • Some demographical factors are related to higher adequacy. Performing this research in other countries may allow assessing the current clinical practice of pediatricians.

Healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes towards sterilization and reuse of medical devices in primary and secondary care public hospitals in Nepal: A multi-centre cross-sectional survey.

BackgroundHealthcare facilities reprocess and sterilize reusable medical devices before each invasive clinical procedure, such as surgery, to prevent person-to-person or environmental transmission of pathogens through medical devices. We conducted a nationwide multi-centre cross-sectional survey in primary and secondary-care public hospitals in Nepal to assess the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers towards sterilization and reuse of medical devices.MethodsWe carried out a multi-centre cross-sectional survey comprising eleven primary-care (two district-level and nine district hospitals) and two secondary-care (zonal hospitals) public hospitals which covered all seven provinces of Nepal. Survey questionnaires were distributed to 234 healthcare workers including doctors, nurses, paramedics, and office assistants (involved in medical device reprocessing); 219 (93.6%) returned the completed questionnaire. Descriptive analyses of demographic information, knowledge and attitude responses of survey participants were performed. Logistic regression and ordinal regression models for complex samples were used to investigate associations between responses and independent variables.ResultsExcept for a few areas, more than 70% of healthcare workers had proper knowledge about different aspects of sterilization and reuse of medical devices. Paramedics and office assistants were less likely to have the correct knowledge in different aspects compared to nurses. Permanent staff were more likely to give correct answers to some knowledge questions compared to temporary staff. Previous infection control training was positively associated with correct responses to some knowledge items. Most of the healthcare workers had positive attitudes towards different aspects of sterilization and reuse of medical devices, and nurses were more likely to have positive attitudes compared with other staff categories.ConclusionsMost of the healthcare workers had correct knowledge and positive attitudes towards most areas of sterilization and reuse of medical devices. However, they need proper education and training in some areas such as sterilization procedures, storage of sterilized devices, prion decontamination and standard precautions.

The Orthodontist's Role in Post-Battlefield Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstruction.

In modern conflicts, deployed members are more vulnerable to craniomaxillofacial (CMF) injury than in previous conflicts. Patients presenting with CMF trauma are susceptible to post-trauma dental malocclusion and may require lengthy rehabilitation to achieve pre-injury function. This study surveyed military health care professionals who are potential contributors to CMF trauma rehabilitation teams to evaluate the orthodontist's inclusion in treating to the final outcome. Following approval from the Defense Health Agency Information Management Collections Office (Control Number: 9-DHA-1031-E) and the Air Force 59th Medical Wing Institutional Review Board (Reference Number: FWH20210061E), a survey study was conducted from April 2021 to July 2021. Volunteer participants were recruited from orthodontists, oral maxillofacial surgeons, medical specialists, and other dental specialists who have worked in military healthcare. Respondents reported their current practice treating CMF trauma, self-evaluated their knowledge of different aspects of the process, and submitted their perceptions on system and patient-limiting factors which affect outcomes. Descriptive statistics were conducted for ordinal data and chi-square tests for categorical data. Kruskal-Wallis analyses of variance compared cohorts with further Mann-Whitney U tests to distinguish the difference in cohorts. Valid responses were collected from 171 participants. The responses were mostly from active duty military (93%) and well distributed among orthodontists, oral maxillofacial surgeons, other dental specialists, and medical specialists. When reporting current CMF trauma treatment practices, the majority of dental specialists stated they most commonly participate in a multidisciplinary team that addresses any CMF trauma case (68.4%) whereas medical specialists most commonly act as solo independent provider practice (53.6%). Dental specialists reported follow-up with post-trauma patients greater than 1 year and medical specialists reported the shortest post-trauma follow-up time with a median of 0 to 3 months. The majority of participants selected at least one system factor limiting CMF trauma care (78.7%) and at least one patient factor limiting CMF trauma care (86.3%). When asked about orthodontic participation in multidisciplinary teams, the responses showed a great range with orthodontists never included in CMF trauma care 23.1% of the time and always consulted regarding trauma cases 10.7% of the time. Other survey data collected allows the investigators to draw conclusions regarding specific limitations to treatment and recommendations for improvement, along with qualitative responses from survey participants. Orthodontics, while available in the military, is underutilized in treating post-warfare or other CMF trauma. There are both system- and patient-limiting factors in the treatment of battlefield and non-battlefield CMF trauma. In addition, there are limitations to the inclusion of orthodontists in CMF trauma care which include the physical distance from primary treating specialists and the absence of standard referral protocols. Oral maxillofacial surgeons reported the highest understanding of the military orthodontist's contribution to a CMF trauma treatment team and medical specialists reported the lowest understanding. Advanced technology tools could help improve outcomes and multidisciplinary interactions. Further research is needed to study the complete CMF trauma rehabilitation process in military treatment facilities, evaluate the efficiency of cross-specialty referrals, and highlight best practices and protocols of functioning multidisciplinary teams.

Aspect-Level Sentiment Analysis via a Syntax-Based Neural Network

Aspect-level sentiment classification (ALSC); a fine-grained task of sentiment analysis holds the promise of machines communicating knowledge of different aspects of a product/service with humans. Specifically, ALSC aims at inferring the sentiment expressed toward a specific aspect term in a user-generated textual content. It is a long-standing problem in sentiment analysis, and its usefulness cannot be underestimated. Recent studies employ the dependency tree and restructure it to model the syntactic relationship among words in text. However, the restructuring process destructs the structural information of the original dependency tree. As a solution, we first construct a syntax graph that preserves the structural information of the dependency tree. We then propose a reliable syntax-based neural network model that performs a thorough search on the syntax graph to effectively find the relevant contextual information with respect to the aspect term for the sentence encoding. Noting that dependency trees parsed from existing dependency parsers may contain incorrect syntactic dependencies due to grammatical errors in a sentence, we adopt a convolutional layer that takes into account the relations among features of words in a local neighborhood to mitigate the issues brought by incorrect syntactic dependencies. Our results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that our model outperforms the previous methods and achieves state-of-the-art results for the ALSC task.

Intentional Kinship through Caring Relationships, Heritage, and Identity: Adoptive Parents’ Inclusion of Non-Biological and Non-Affinal Relationships on Family Maps

Structural open adoption has been beneficial to adoptees in integrating their birth heritage and identity. Adoptive parents also may sometimes seek out others who are neither related biologically nor through partnership to support their child in developing an integrated sense of identity. To what extent do these intentional kinship relationships become incorporated within the adoptive family network and how do adoptive parents view their role in their child’s life? Qualitative data on family inclusion of non-biological and non-affinal kin are reported from interviews with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and heterosexual adoptive parents (n = 25 families). Analyses of verbal and visual data from family map drawing interviews indicated that adoptive parents from the different types of families similarly included intentional kin in their conceptualization of their child’s family. Adopted children’s foster carers, family friends, other adoptive families, and other children and adults were specifically included on family maps to facilitate children’s knowledge of different aspects of their birth heritage and adoption story. The implications of open adoption policy therefore move beyond considerations of only birth family contact. In practice, open adoption procedures convey a broad message to families that appear to widen adoptive parents’ conceptualization of kinship.

Patients' knowledge about epilepsy in a tertiary medical center: A cross-sectional study from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

ObjectiveEpilepsy is a noncommunicable disease that affects approximately 65 million people worldwide. Its management depends greatly on the self-management capacity of the individual. Patients with epilepsy (PWE) who have a good level of knowledge about their disease tend to have better coping mechanisms, as well as better compliance in taking their antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), which improves overall control of symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the current patients' knowledge about epilepsy and identify factors associated with knowledge of different aspects of epilepsy and its management in a tertiary medical center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out at a tertiary medical center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants were included if they had a documented diagnosis of epilepsy and excluded if they were non-Saudi or had nonepileptic seizures. The Arabic version of the Epilepsy Patient Knowledge Questionnaire (EPKQ) was used to assess patient's knowledge of epilepsy definition and etiology, safety concerns, medication compliance, social activities, and legal issues of employment and driving. Fisher's exact and Chi-Square tests were used to investigate differences in knowledge of epilepsy among different segments of participants. Data management and statistical analyses were carried on using the IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 25. ResultsA total of 126 PWE were enrolled in the study. About two-thirds of them were females, and about 68% of them were at least high-school graduates. About one-half of PWE had good knowledge of their condition (>75%), and females had better knowledge than males (p = 0.004). The majority (75.4%) of PWE were knowledgeable about the etiology of epilepsy, about 70% knew that putting a foreign object in a seizing patients' mouth was inappropriate, and only 38% of them did not have adequate knowledge of situations that increase the risk of seizure. About 40% of PWE thought pregnant women should discontinue their AEDs, 53.2% of participants knew what to do when they experience side effects from AEDs, but most of them recognized that they should not automatically stop taking their medications when they stop having seizures. Patients older than 50 years or younger than 21 years of age were less likely to recognize that it was safe for PWE to engage in different social activities (p = 0.042). About 30% of respondents believed that PWE cannot engage in most types of jobs, and more than 50% of participants did not know under which situation PWE can drive. ConclusionThis study revealed that about half of PWE had inadequate knowledge about their disorder. Patients with epilepsy had better knowledge about the causes of their condition compared with safety concerns and the treatment of epilepsy, whereas the majority of participants knew the types of jobs and activities that they could engage in. Hence, educational interventions are needed to promote patients' knowledge, especially in terms of safety and the legalities of employment and driving.

Basic Life Support Awareness and Knowledge in High School Students.

IntroductionCardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. When cardiovascular disease results in cardiac arrest, the ability to perform basic life support (BLS) can change the outcome from death to survival. There is no definitive statistical data on high schoolers’ awareness of basic life support (BLS).MethodsA survey-based research study was conducted to find high schoolers’ awareness of BLS. A total of 105 students, primarily from Kansas City suburbs, took a survey with questions ranging from their views on whether BLS courses should be integrated into the high school curriculum to the steps they would take when a person collapses on the ground. Results were analyzed to determine the students’ knowledge of different aspects of BLS and their interest in taking a BLS course in school.ResultsOver 70% of the students would take a BLS course should it be offered in a high school class. Most students answered questions regarding BLS steps correctly but lacked critical knowledge on an automated external defibrillator (AED).ConclusionsAlthough over 70% of the students were aware of the basics of BLS, most students lacked knowledge on the critical aspects of BLS, such as the use of an AED. Most students recognize the importance of BLS in the high school curriculum and would acquire the skills in a high school class. Introducing a BLS course in the high school curriculum would improve the students’ knowledge and contribute to improved survival rates of victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Maternal knowledge of effective breastfeeding and its benefits, as potential determinant of attitudes to infant feeding: A survey in Calabar, Nigeria.

Appropriate breastfeeding is a cost-effective child survival strategy. This study assessed relationship between knowledge of breastfeeding and attitude towards infant feeding among pregnant women in Calabar, Nigeria. By convenience sampling, consenting antenatal clinic attendees were recruited from secondary health centers in Calabar. Pre-tested questionnaire was used to assess knowledge of different aspects of breastfeeding, while the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) was used to assess attitude towards infant feeding. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0, with p-value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Two hundred and fifty (250) pregnant women were surveyed with mean age of 29.7 ± 6.1 years. One hundred and eight respondents (43.2%) had unsatisfactory levels of knowledge. Common areas of misconception were oral thrush effect of breastfeeding (47.2%), frequency of breast milk expression (47.6%), and effects of inverted nipples (45.6%). Most respondents (92.0%) had neutral attitude to infant feeding, and there was no significant relationship between overall knowledge of breastfeeding and infant feeding attitude (p <0.05). Of all the knowledge areas assessed, only benefits to mothers (r=0.11, p=0.08) and effective breastfeeding (r=0.17, p=0.01), had knowledge scores that correlated positively with infant feeding attitude scores. These findings contribute to existing literature required for improvement in policies and strategies, for breastfeeding education and child survival, especially in resource-poor settings. There is need for further research towards improving priority content of maternal health education during the time-constrained ANC visits.

Vaccine-related knowledge and utilization of childhood immunization among mothers in urban Lagos

Background: Immunization is the single most costeffective preventive health intervention which saves the lives of 2 -3 million children annually. Theunsatisfactory immunization coverage numbers have unsurprisingly resulted in abysmal child mortality figures across the country. This study aims to assess mother’s knowledge and immunization utilization among underfives in an urban community.&#x0D; Methods: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out among 232 mothers of under- five children in an urban community in Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used as the survey tool for data collection and a checklist for sighted immunization cards. The entry and analysis of the data was done using EPI – Info Version 7.2.1.0 software computer program. Chi square was used to test association. A p-value of &lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.&#x0D; Results: All respondents were aware of immunization. Just over half (53.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge about immunization. Less than half (42.5%) of the under-five children were fully immunized. The vaccines most missed were oral polio and pentavalent vaccines. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of mothers and the immunization status of their children (p&lt;0.05).&#x0D; Conclusion: The results indicate that mothers with good knowledge of different aspects of immunization were more likely to have fully vaccinated children. It is recommended that health workers enlighten mothers on the benefit of each vaccine.&#x0D; Key words: Immunization, Underfive, Utilization, Vaccination, Knowledge

CUREing Ocean Plastic Microbes: Positive Experience of Engaging Non‐traditional Undergraduate Students in a Hispanic‐Serving Institution

Early participation in research experiences is considered a high‐impact educational practice shown to enhance student engagement in STEM. This, in turn, can result in increased enrollment and retention of majors, as well as increased appreciation of science by nonmajors. However, traditional research opportunities such as summer internships are difficult to expand and are often limited to students already invested in STEM. Course‐based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) broaden the impact of student exposure to research by making it a required part of a course.We report the result of the integration of a CURE addressing microbial colonization of plastic in coastal Pacific waters in both non‐majors and major’s biology courses during a one‐year period. This CURE, a collaboration between a large private non‐profit university serving nontraditional students and a world‐renowned research‐oriented institution, received NSF funding in 2018 (NSF‐HSI #1832545).The CURE incorporates an existing research project, which explores the nature of microbial populations colonizing different types of plastic using metagenomic sequencing and traditional microbiology techniques. Students participate in field and laboratory research, and interact with research scientists and graduate students. Course level assessment involve surveys and focus groups to evaluate student engagement. Institutional assessment is planned to monitor biology degree retention.As of November 2019, students from four non‐majors and 2 majors’ courses (one lower and one upper division) have participated in the CURE. Students were asked fifteen questions related to knowledge of different aspects of the course, laboratory skills, plastic research, and appreciation of scientific research results. The questions were framed in an after/before format which allowed for a two‐tailed t‐test (alpha = 0.05) in the one‐group posttest only design. Results showed statistically significantly differences in all questions indicating improvements across all assessed areas (n=49). Student open‐ended comments about the experience were overwhelmingly positive. Future plans include assessing BS Biology majors’ retention using a longitudinal cohort model, and expanding nonmajors’ participation in the CURE to promote enrollment in the major.Due to the modular nature of the CURE, its framework can easily be adopted and modified to other courses and curricula. We anticipate that this CURE could be a widely applicable model for biology and ocean science education and disseminated to institutions serving nontraditional adults.Support or Funding InformationThis work has been supported by NU internal grants, as well as the NSF HSI’s new to NSF award #1832545

The Iranian female high-school student's knowledge and attitude toward breastfeeding.

BACKGROUND:Breastfeeding is not only a perfect food for the infant but also is a living fluid with many features. It provides the infant's physical growth and is responsive to its emotional needs. Since determining the knowledge and attitude of girls in this period and promoting, it is considered as the main principle in motivating them for choosing this method in future.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This descriptive-correlational study was conducted to determine the knowledge and attitude of 630 high-school students on breastfeeding at a selected public high school in Tehran, Iran in 2018. A researcher-made questionnaire was administered to collect the data, to determine the validity of the tool; content validity was used and to determine its reliability, a test re-test method was applied. Data were analyzed by the nonparametric tests of Chi-square, multiple comparisons, and Spearman correlation coefficient.RESULTS:The results showed that 80.3% had moderate knowledge. The mean score of knowledge in the human sciences group was significantly higher than others. Furthermore, the attitude of 22.5% of girls was positive, 77.5% had no idea, none of them had negative attitudes. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean score of attitude of the students in groups of knowledge (good, moderate, and weak) (P < 0.01), and multiple comparison tests showed that the positive attitude score in the moderate knowledge group was more than the attitude score in weak and good knowledge.CONCLUSION:The results indicate that there is an unbiased attitude about the moderate knowledge of different aspects of breastfeeding among pre university students, although they have a moderate knowledge on a complete and successful breast feeding.

Полістилістика як явище постмодернізму

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of polystylistics in the context of the cultural processes of the 20th century, among which the most important is the phenomenon of postmodernism. The research methodology is to apply the following methods: theoretical generalization and retrospective analysis that help to confirm the importance of the proposed statements in theory, historical and cultural method, which characterizes the essence of development processes of culture, dialectical and systematic approaches that allow the use of knowledge of different aspects of Art Studies and the related sciences, a hermeneutic method that is used to interpret the concepts used in the study. The scientific novelty lies in the systematic coverage of the problems of polystylistics in the cultural environment of the second half of the 20th – beginning of the 21st centuries, which is characterized by the phenomenon of postmodernism, with its intertextuality and style diversity. Conclusions. The second half of the 20th century was investigated with its synthetic stylistic blending, pluralism, multicolourism, which was also evident in polystylistics. The connection of polystylistics with the search for new concepts that reveal the peculiarities of the style system of the second half of the twentieth century has been determined. Intertextuality is characterized as the basis of polystylistics, which demonstrates the methodology of artistic thinking and characterizes contemporary cultural space. Conclusions have been made regarding the composers’ thinking of the 20th century and the modern period of the history of music, which are based on the principles of interaction of cultures, expressed by their dialogue and polylogue, intertextuality, integration of genre-style features, manifestation of intercultural contaminations in the field of semiotics and styling processes. All these signs point to the polystylistic nature of postmodern music art.

Comparative Law in the Faculty of Law, University of Indonesia: Course Content and Teaching Methods

AbstractThe classic method of teaching comparative law produces students who depend only on course materials. They may gain knowledge of different aspects of the laws and legal systems of various other countries, but find it difficult to conduct research and write on comparative law independently. This paper discusses comparative law teaching methods by examining the experience of teaching comparative criminal law in the Master's Programme in Law at the Faculty of Law, Universitas Indonesia. Although it was once sufficient for students to understand comparative law and some aspects of criminal law, the course's learning outcomes have since changed: students are also expected to have the ability to conduct research and write on comparative law upon completing the course. For this shift to take root, several changes are necessary: first, students must become more active in their learning and do more than just receive knowledge passively from course materials provided by their lecturers; second, students should seek out more reference materials beyond the syllabus and learn to use libraries and online databases more effectively; and third, students must improve their mastery of English and other languages, if possible.

Development and Validation of the Overall Foot Health Questionnaire for Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Analysis.

Background and Objectives: In general, patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are ignorant of the physician’s role and of RA-related feet problems. The aim of our study was to validate a questionnaire on the knowledge of different aspects of overall foot health in patients with RA. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was carried out between March 2017 and April 2017. A questionnaire was designed and validated through the Delphi method to evaluate the knowledge about the illness, the repercussions on feet, medical podiatry care, and the role of the medical podiatrist. Results: After being checked by a panel of experts, all the items obtained a Cronbach’s alpha over 0.70. Conclusions: The content of this questionnaire about the knowledge of different aspects of medical podiatry health in patients with RA has internal consistency.

Sharing best practices in applications of evidence-based medicine, problem-based learning and self-directed learning principles in medical training: A McMaster-Brazil collaboration workshop report

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In order to enhance the knowledge of different aspects of active teaching methods in medical education, and to introduce self-directed learning activities in home curriculum as well as to implement the research capacity building, a group of professors and researchers from two Brazilian Universities, namely, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu Medical School, São Paulo, and Pontifícia Universidade Católica (PUC-MINAS), Minas Gerais, visited McMaster University in Canada in July 4-8, 2016. This paper is a brief report of the 5-day workshop and discussions among the McMaster and Brazilian colleagues. Among the topics covered, a detailed overview of the medical curriculum, "The COMPASS Curriculum"; in this learning process, students development of the problem-solving strategy, and helping cover learning objectives and knowledge transfer while discussing the clinical case-scenarios; other attention was given for strategies on how to provide institutional learning support for undergraduate students in order to achieve proposed learning objectives were presented, including discussions of a variety of integration possibilities between researchers and students, from different areas as well as joint supervision of PhD programs. Emphasis was given to the Research in Global Health with their inter-disciplinary methods, and transcultural care, that has created an impact on the professional practice. About Evidence Based Medicine was strengthened how its methods have moved to evidence-informed health systems which contribute to collective problem-solving, and in sharing the supporting tools for policies in public health. All talks and discussions were of very high quality and provided the basis for us to start discussing an implementation of the learned content in the curriculum. Finally, the opened opportunity of partnership among McMaster University, with two Brazilian medical schools, expanded medical education experience, possibilities for change, training and implementation of community programs, but also reinforced research methods and technology, promote collaboration aimed at health education.

The comprehensive forensic expertise of the images of the human physical appearance

The present study addresses the complicated borderline problems facing researchers of human images obtained with the use of photographic and videotechnical means and methods that imply the necessity of the combined application of the knowledge of different aspects of forensic medical and criminalistics expertises. The fundamental principles of comprehensive investigations and expertises are defined. The theoretical substantiation is provided for the performance of the combined forensic medical expertises and forensic facial reconstruction based on the concrete examples from expert practice. Special attention is given to the schedule and conduction of such examinations. It is demonstrated that only the joint analysis of all characteristic features revealed by different specialists allows for a definitive expert conclusion of evidentiary value.