Knowledge Of Dietary Supplements Research Articles

Building a Culture of Health Through Leader-Inspired Nutrition.

The balance of operational readiness and maintaining a healthy recruitment force presents increasing challenges within the DoD. Chronic preventable diseases, such as overweight and obesity, along with musculoskeletal injuries, are threats to recruitment and retention. Novel approaches are needed and leaders are in a unique position to serve a key role in influencing nutrition readiness. Leader-Inspired Nutrition (LIN) is a proposed framework that equips leaders with strategies for building a culture of health. Leader-Inspired Nutrition provides an approach leaders can leverage within units to improve health and performance. The LIN framework was developed from relevant and evidence-based information through collaboration with key nutrition subject matter experts and leaders. The 7 core pillars of LIN are to integrate nutrition basics, model top-down nutrition behaviors, promote a performance-focused food environment, integrate dietary supplements knowledge, consider economic factors that affect nutrition choices, evaluate Total Force Fitness impact, and promote utilization of DoD wellness resources. Each pillar provides leaders with a practical approach to engaging service members while encouraging nutrition readiness. As leaders engender trust and serve as role models, the adoption of the LIN framework in their units can guide and foster a culture of health within the DoD. Leader-Inspired Nutrition will assist leaders in building shared communities through healthful nutrition and mealtime experiences and serve to shape military nutrition policies that affect readiness within the DoD. This commentary describes the concept of LIN, the elements and principles of LIN, and how leaders can inspire service members to maximize performance to support nutrition readiness.

The Effectiveness of an Online Nutrition Education Program on Varsity Athletes' Nutritional & Dietary Supplement Knowledge.

Background/Objectives: Research has shown that athletes often have poor nutritional knowledge, particularly regarding dietary supplements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an online nutrition education program in improving nutritional and dietary supplement knowledge among varsity athletes at the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. Methods: A total of 30 varsity athletes at the University of Guelph were randomized into experimental [n = 18] and control [n = 12] groups. A randomized wait-list controlled intervention was used, where participants in the experimental group were granted access to an online, 4-week nutrition education program, while no program was provided to the control group within the duration of the study. The program covered nutrition topics and focused on sports nutrition and dietary supplementation. Both groups were administered a validated online nutrition and dietary supplement questionnaire at baseline and post-intervention. Results: Mean baseline knowledge scores for the experimental and control groups were 13.78 ± 2.76 and 13.92 ± 2.39, respectively, and were not significantly different [p = 0.888]. Post-intervention scores were 16.28 ± 1.49 and 14.5 ± 1.88 for the experimental and control groups, respectively, [p < 0.05]. There was a significant interaction between the intervention and time on knowledge. Conclusions: These results indicate that this nutrition education program was successful in significantly improving nutritional and dietary supplement knowledge in varsity athletes.

Knowledge and Practices Regarding Dietary Supplements Among Healthcare Professionals in Poland.

The growing popularity of dietary supplements in Poland raises the need to verify the knowledge and practices of healthcare workers who have a key role in recommending their use. Understanding these issues is important to ensure patient safety and the correct use of dietary supplements. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the level of knowledge, practices, and sources of information on dietary supplements among various professional groups of healthcare workers. The study conducted from September 2023 to June 2024 involved 743 healthcare professionals, including doctors, pharmacists, and nurses. Data were collected online using an original questionnaire. The questionnaire was placed in portals associated with target groups. A total of 73.49% of respondents declared knowledge of dietary supplements. The most common source of information was scientific articles (42.8%), and only 7.00% of respondents used official sources such as the Chief Sanitary Inspectorate. Advertisements had a smaller impact on doctors (p < 0.001), with 46.97% of respondents stating that they did not pay attention to them. In addition, 84.52% of respondents considered the composition of the dietary supplement to be a key factor in their recommendation. Knowledge of dietary supplements among healthcare professionals varies, particularly between different professional groups. The results indicate a need for further education and standardization of information to ensure safe and responsible recommendation of supplements to consumers.

Knowledge, Prevalence, and Consequences of Dietary Supplements Intake among Iranian Bodybuilders

Knowledge, Prevalence, and Consequences of Dietary Supplements Intake among Iranian Bodybuilders

Comparative Study on Nutrition Knowledge and Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Athletes and Fitness Practitioners

Comparative Study on Nutrition Knowledge and Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Athletes and Fitness Practitioners

Consumption and knowledge of dietary supplements among young adult women in Lahore, Pakistan

Dietary supplements containing essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and herbs are widely used to enhance overall nutrition and health. This study aimed to assess the consumption patterns and knowledge of dietary supplements among young adult women in Lahore, Pakistan. This cross-sectional study was conducted over three months at Lahore College for Women University; young adult women aged 18 to 25 years who were enrolled in any bachelor’s degree program were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. The following data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire: demographic information, supplement usage, and perceptions. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 to calculate frequencies and percentages. Of the 333 questionnaires distributed, 303 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 90.99%. The mean age of the 303 participants was 23.06 ± 0.058 years, with 98.35% being unmarried. Most participants reported a monthly household income between 50,001 and 75,000 PKR (73.59%) and were predominantly in their fourth (44.22%) or fifth year (43.56%) of study, mainly in health sciences disciplines (72.28%). A majority (83.80%) reported taking dietary supplements, primarily for health enhancement (58.66%), improving bone and joint health (32.68%), and increasing muscle mass (37.01%). Supplements were mostly purchased from pharmacies (85.04%) and taken under the advice of doctors or nutritionists (74.80%). Common supplements included vitamins, calcium, and multivitamins, with most participants taking one supplement at a time (84.25%) and consuming them daily (35.04%) or 2-3 times per week (27.95%). Notably, 72.44% perceived benefits from taking supplements, and 49.61% intended to repurchase them. Concerns about potential side effects or interactions were also substantial (58.66%). This study revealed that young adult women in Pakistan frequently use dietary supplements for various health benefits, primarily by purchasing them from pharmacies and following healthcare professional advice. Despite positive perceptions and intentions to repurchase, concerns about safety and interactions remain.

Assessment of dietary nitrate supplementation: prevalence of use, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs among active Australians.

Use of nitrate as a dietary supplement has gained popularity among athletes and recreationally active individuals to enhance exercise performance. However, the prevalence and patterns of use, and knowledge of nitrate as a dietary supplement are unknown. Individuals (≥16y) completed a 42-item online questionnaire to collect (i) sociodemographic information; (ii) participation in activity and sport; (iii) nitrate supplementation use and reasons; (iv) attitudes and beliefs regarding information sources and the safety of nitrate as a dietary supplement; and (v) knowledge of dietary nitrate supplements. In total, 1,404 active adults (66% female) took part in the study. Only about one in 10 respondents (11.9%) reported they had consumed dietary nitrate ("users") in the past, most commonly as beetroot juice (31.3%). Over two-thirds (69.4%) of users could not correctly identify the correct timing of intake relative to performance time to best improve exercise performance, and most users (82.3%) were unsure of the contraindications to oral consumption of dietary nitrate supplements. Only 3.9% of users experienced adverse effects after ingesting dietary nitrate supplements. Among non-users, the most common reasons respondents selected for not using dietary nitrate supplements were "I do not think I need to" (70.2%) and "I have never thought about it" (69.2%). There is evidence to support the efficacy of dietary nitrate intake in improving exercise performance. However, findings from this study suggest dietary nitrate is under-utilized. Educational messages that target dietary nitrate consumption should be targeted toward nutritionists, coaches, and exercise physiologists to bridge the gap between knowledge-to-practice.

The consumption of dietary supplements in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study

People frequently utilize dietary supplements (DS), notably during the COVID-19 epidemic, despite the lack of data supporting their usefulness and safety in enhancing general health. This study aimed to measure the consumption of DS in Saudi Arabia during COVID-19. Previous studies focused on using dietary supplements for preventing or reducing mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1572 participants aged 18-65, from all-over Saudi Arabia who were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire to measure the consumption of supplements during the pandemic lockdown period. Also, it investigates the factor that effect supplements consumption. Around 63% of the participants did not change their consumption patterns during the pandemic, while 16% consumed more and 21.4% consumed fewer supplements during the pandemic. The most commonly used supplements were iron; calcium, especially among pregnant women; omega-3, especially in people older than 65years; and vitamin D. Females (81%; P<0.002); age (94.7%; P<0.002); married people (84%; P<0.001); those with a higher educational level (83.9%; P=0.02); those with a higher monthly income (86.1%; P=0.006); and pregnant women (100%; P<0.007) reported the highest rates of consumption. Dietary supplements have recently become popular in Saudi Arabia, but large differences remain between Saudis in their consumption of supplements. Additional research should be conducted to examine the level of knowledge of dietary supplements among Saudi population.

Impact of the Integrative Oncology Scholars Program on Oncology Providers' Key Knowledge of Dietary Supplements and Antioxidants for Providing Evidence-based Oncology Care.

Dietary supplements are commonly used among cancer survivors. Oncology providers rarely receive training about dietary supplements. We evaluated whether e-learning modules could improve oncology providers' dietary supplement knowledge. Oncology providers participated in the National Cancer Institute funded Integrative Oncology Scholars (IOS) program. We used posttest readiness assurance tests (RAT) to measure knowledge acquisition from modules. One cohort completed a pre and posttest RAT to assess change in knowledge. Multivariate linear regression models adjusted for gender, race, profession, and years in practice were used to determine if these characteristics were associated with posttest RAT performance and change in pre to posttest RAT scores. Scholars (N = 101) included 86% (N = 87) females; age 44 ± 10years; 72% (N = 73) Non-Hispanic White; years in practice mean range 11-15 ± 10. There were 37 physicians, 11 physician assistants, 23 nurses, 21 social workers, 2 psychologists, 4 pharmacists, and 2 physical therapists. The posttest dietary supplement and antioxidant RAT scores for all Scholars were 67 ± 18% and 71 ± 14%. In adjusted models there were no significant associations between dietary supplement and antioxidant posttest RAT scores with Scholar characteristics. Change in RAT scores for dietary supplement and antioxidants were 25% ± 23 and 26% ± 27 (P < 0.0001). In adjusted models, there were no significant predictors of change in dietary supplement RATs. For antioxidant RATs, profession was associated with change in scores (P = 0.021). Improvement in Scholar's test scores demonstrate the IOS program can significantly increase oncology providers' knowledge of dietary supplements and antioxidants.

Knowledge and attitudes towards herbal and dietary products use during the COVID-19 pandemic

The outbreak of coronavirus (COVID-19) has made a global public health disaster. Little information is known about how to combat this infection. Therefore, preventive health measures that can reduce the severity and progression of this disease are needed. Some dietary supplements and herbal products have antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Thus, it may be used to enhance immunity and reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection. In this study, we reviewed selected supplements that may play a key role in the prevention and management of COVID-19 (e.g. vitamin D, vitamin C, and zinc), and that was to determine the level of knowledge and attitudes toward them by the adult population in Jordan. This is a cross-sectional study design, in which an online questionnaire was conducted and distributed on different social media websites. People who are above 18 years old were included in this study. Demographic, Attitudes, and knowledge data were collected and then analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 23). In this study, (62.8%) of participants became more concerned with their health during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (49.2%) of them used dietary and herbal supplements to protect themselves from the coronavirus. In addition, (18.5%) of participants reported that they had used these supplements for a while and then stopped. The findings of our study provided evidence that the general population in Jordan has a reasonable level of knowledge and acceptance of dietary and herbal supplements used during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Knowledge and Attitude of Dietary Supplements among Arab Olympic Athletes and Coaches in Preparation Program for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games

Knowledge and Attitude of Dietary Supplements among Arab Olympic Athletes and Coaches in Preparation Program for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games

Prevalence of Dietary Supplements Use among College Students in Iraq

Background: Dietary supplements (DS) are products that are intended to be consumed orally and serve the purpose of supplementing one's diet. Although, these products are very popular, their usage among undergraduate students in Iraq is still obscure. Aim: To evaluate the pattern, type, and reasons for supplement usage among Iraqi undergraduate students and to detect the source of information about dietary supplements. Methods: A sample of 442 students at different colleges in Baghdad were surveyed through a questionnaire composed of 13 questions and divided into four sections: socio-demographic, dietary supplement (DS) knowledge, DS intake, and reasons behind their usage. Descriptive statistics were conducted to determine the frequency and percentages of respondents for each variable. Results: A total of 442 participants were included in the study; 160 (36.2%) were males and 282 (63.8%) were females. Out of the total number of the participants, 329 (74%) were dietary supplement users, 139 (42.25%) were males, and 190 (57.75%) were females. Most of the participants (72%) used vit. D3 supplement, and the mean reason for using DS was to overcome nutritional deficiency. Conclusion: Most of the participants are dietary supplement users, with a higher percentage of females. The main reasons for both genders' resorting to dietary supplement use are to improve their health and improve their immunity.

Prevalence, Information &amp; Attitude towards Using Supplements among University Athletes

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of dietary supplements usage amongst university’s players, in addition to their know-how and players towards sports supplementation. Current study check out the extent of knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices regarding using dietary supplements of 100 athletes was administered, which included 88 Males and 12 Females, 20 to 27 years of age from the population of university athletes. The comparison was analyzed by chi-square test to observe the importance of distinction amongst respondents’ notion about the statements of questionnaires. The results calculated through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-25). The outcomes displayed that maximum of the athletes proven the satisfactory knowledge of dietary supplements and the motives for the usage of them; however the outcome of the study suggested that need of inclusive knowledge of players about supplements and under vigilant management showed improvement of University athletes.

Dietary supplement use and knowledge among students from a health science faculty in a Turkish University

Dietary supplements are concentrated sources of nutrients used as an addition to a normal diet with a nutritional or physiological effect. In this cross-sectional study, it was aimed to determine the factors of dietary supplement use, the related knowledge, and their relationship with supplement use in a faculty of health sciences among university students. This cross-sectional study was carried out with 333 voluntary university students from Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, the Faculty of Health Sciences. A questionnaire form consisting of 5 sections was applied to the students by face-to-face interview method. The most remarked purposes of supplement use were to improve health (44.2%) and boost immunity (22.1%). There was no difference between age, gender, department, coexistent disease, tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption in terms of dietary supplement use (p = 0.611, p = 0.720, p = 0.682, p = 0.062, p = 0.491, and p = 0.658, respectively). No significant difference was observed between physical activity status, the duration of physical activity, dieting status, the source of diet program, daily frequency of main meals and snacks, body mass index (BMI) groups, and the reason for meal skipping among students according to dietary supplement use (p = 0.180, p = 0.205, p = 0.686, p = 0.226, p = 0.533, p = 0.449, p = 0.976, and p = 0.758, respectively). There was not any significant difference between physical activity status, the duration of physical activity, dietary supplement use, dieting status, the frequency of main meals and snacks and BMI in terms of total knowledge score of dietary supplements (p = 0.245, p = 0.713, p = 0.278, p = 0.067, p = 0.466, p = 0.647, and p = 0.851, respectively). Scientific attention should be paid to the use of dietary supplements. Arbitrary approaches can lead to unwanted interactions. Therefore, in order for health and government policies to be established related to dietary supplements, it is essential to determine the factors related to their use.

Assessment of Dietary Supplements Use among American University of Beirut Students: Prevalence, Knowledge, and Reasons for Supplementation

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and type of supplements used among university students, level of knowledge in this respect, reasons to supplement their diet, and the sources for information about dietary supplements. A sample of 100 students at the American University of Beirut were surveyed through a questionnaire composed of 22 questions and divided into four sections: socio-demographic, anthropometric, dietary supplement (DS) knowledge, DS intake and reasons. Descriptive statistics were conducted to determine the frequency of respondents for each variable and appropriate statistical tests were used for associations according to variable type and data. A total of 100 participants were included in the study of which 49 (49.0%) were males and 51 (51.0%) were females. Sixty-eight participants were dietary supplement users, of which 27 (39.7%) were males and 41 (60.3%) were females. Supplementation reasons differed: 53 consumed supplements to improve energy and vitality, 22 to enhance cognitive performance, 22 to promote hair, skin and health, and 13 to prevent or treat cold. A significant association was observed between dietary supplements use and female gender (OR = 5.66, 95% CI: 1.60-20.10). No significance was found between consuming dietary supplements and smoking status, BMI, living conditions, medical condition, age, exercise, major, dietary knowledge, and side effects. More than half of the participants are dietary supplements users with females being more likely to use them. The main reason for both genders to resort to dietary supplement use is to improve their energy and vitality.

Qualifications and Competence to Prescribe Dietary Supplements: Perception of Fitness Instructors

This research aims to understand fitness instructors and personal trainers’ perception of their qualifications and competence to prescribe dietary supplements. To this end, a questionnaire was applied to 154 fitness instructors and personal trainers with professional functions in health clubs/gyms. The results obtained show that the sale of these products in gyms is seen as stimulating their consumption and that most fitness professionals consider professionals in this area do not have competence to prescribe this type of service. The lack of confidence about knowledge of dietary supplements; degree courses with a weak curriculum in this domain; and the shortage of curricular units related to dietary supplements are possible reasons for these professionals not feeling sure about giving advice on this matter. Regarding ways of updating knowledge, although these professionals consider academic journals, conferences, congresses and nutrition courses as the most reliable sources of information, they resort more frequently to the Internet, despite considering this source as the least reliable. These results can have direct implications for various stakeholders, particularly for consumers to be more informed about the risks involved in consuming dietary supplements without due orientation; for fitness professionals who have little knowledge about this type of substance; for gym managers who need to understand the implications of selling this type of product in their establishments; for teaching institutions, who should reflect on, and organize their academic curricula in order to provide sufficient grounding for fitness professionals to feel safe and confident about their knowledge in this area; and for the producers of these products, in order to improve information about, and the safety of the substances they put on the market.

When text simplification is not enough: could a graph-based visualization facilitate consumers' comprehension of dietary supplement information?

ObjectiveDietary supplements are widely used. However, dietary supplements are not always safe. For example, an estimated 23 000 emergency room visits every year in the United States were attributed to adverse events related to dietary supplement use. With the rapid development of the Internet, consumers usually seek health information including dietary supplement information online. To help consumers access quality online dietary supplement information, we have identified trustworthy dietary supplement information sources and built an evidence–based knowledge base of dietary supplement information—the integrated DIetary Supplement Knowledge base (iDISK) that integrates and standardizes dietary supplement related information across these different sources. However, as information in iDISK was collected from scientific sources, the complex medical jargon is a barrier for consumers’ comprehension. The objective of this study is to assess how different approaches to simplify and represent dietary supplement information from iDISK will affect lay consumers’ comprehension.Materials and MethodsUsing a crowdsourcing platform, we recruited participants to read dietary supplement information in 4 different representations from iDISK: (1) original text, (2) syntactic and lexical text simplification (TS), (3) manual TS, and (4) a graph–based visualization. We then assessed how the different simplification and representation strategies affected consumers’ comprehension of dietary supplement information in terms of accuracy and response time to a set of comprehension questions.ResultsWith responses from 690 qualified participants, our experiments confirmed that the manual approach, as expected, had the best performance for both accuracy and response time to the comprehension questions, while the graph–based approach ranked the second outperforming other representations. In some cases, the graph–based representation outperformed the manual approach in terms of response time.ConclusionsA hybrid approach that combines text and graph–based representations might be needed to accommodate consumers’ different information needs and information seeking behavior.

Polish students’ knowledge of dietary supplements

BackgroundThe increasing intake of dietary supplements (DS) can be observed worldwide. These preparations are classified as a special category of foods and are subject to food law, not pharmaceutical regulations. As a result, the requirements for DS are much less restrictive than for medications.MethodologyThis research was conducted in a group of young Polish students of pharmacy at the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice (SUM) and of finance and accounting at the University of Economics in Katowice (UE). The survey contained questions concerning DS, such as difference to drugs, scope of use, and safety.ResultsThe respondents answered questions about taking DS and the effects of their use. DS were used either currently or in the past by about 70% of the respondents, while about 30% of the surveyed population declared that they did not use these preparations. Women and UE students predominated among those not taking DS.ConclusionMulti-component products taken for a period of less than 3 months to supplement a deficit for a given component were used the most often. One product was taken at a time. The respondents read product information and followed the recommended doses. Over 50% of the studied population was aware of the negative effects of DS. Adverse symptoms of DS use were observed by 5% of the respondents.

Community pharmacists' use, perception and knowledge on dietary supplements: a cross sectional study.

Background:Pharmacists are commonly tasked with recommending the appropriate dietary supplement and advising the patients of their correct and safe use. Previous research, conducted on pharmacy students, showed that they did not always use the evidence based sources of information, with personal use identified as a significant predictor influencing the decision to recommend a supplement.Objectives:To compare use, perceptions and knowledge of dietary supplements of pharmacists with different years of work experience and to explore factors that could influence their recommendation of supplements.Methods:A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted on Croatian community pharmacists in September 2017. The questionnaire explored pharmacists’ demographic characteristics, use, perceptions and knowledge of dietary supplements. Pharmacists (N=102) were divided in two groups based on their work experience: P0 (<10 years) and P1 (≥10 years).Results:All included pharmacists had high knowledge scores without differences between groups (P0=10, IQR 9-12 vs P1=11, IQR 9-12, expressed as median and interquartile range (IQR), p=0.275). Less experienced pharmacists perceived there was less research conducted on the dietary supplements compared to their more experienced counterparts (P0=1, IQR 1-2 vs P1=2, IQR 2-3, expressed as median and interquartile range, p<0.001). Groups differed in sources used when choosing the appropriate supplement with P0 using higher quality sources such as systematic reviews in comparison to P1 (32.1% vs 8.7%, p=0.004). Pharmacists’ decision to recommend a dietary supplement was influenced by their personal use (odds ratio 0.216, 95%CI 0.068:0.689, p=0.01) and work experience (odds ratio 0.154, 95%CI 0.045:0.530, p=0.003).Conclusions:Pharmacists did not use the high quality sources when recommending dietary supplements and their decision to recommend the supplement was not based on objective evaluation of evidence. Further education about the practice of evidence-based pharmacy is necessary, with special emphasis on senior pharmacists who might have missed that aspect during their formal education.

Dietary Supplements: Knowledge and Adverse Event Reporting Practices of Department of Defense Health Care Providers.

The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of dietary supplements (DS) and adverse event (AE) reporting practices of the Department of Defense health care providers. AEs related to use of DS are not uncommon. However, it is estimated that less than 2% of AEs are reported. This is problematic given the Food and Drug Administration relies on AE reports to identify and ultimately remove unsafe products from the market. Inadequate reporting of AE puts all DS users at risk. Cross-sectional design was used. Electronic surveys were sent to the Department of Defense health care professionals (HCPs) and Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians asking questions about practices regarding DS and AE knowledge and reporting behaviors. The surveys were open for 5months. During this period of time, HCPs received three email reminders following the initial email to enhance participation. The computer package IBM SPSS version 25 software (IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0, Armonk, New York) was used for statistical analysis. Frequency distributions of the responses were analyzed. Of the 1,700 surveyed, 270 HCPs and 68 EM physicians completed the surveys. At least 39% of HCPs reported never receiving formal DS training. Seventy-two percent of HCPs reported asking their patients about the use of DS. However, when asked if they knew where to report an AE, only 40% of HCPs knew where to report an AE and only 38% knew how to report an AE. Of the EM physicians, only 38% asked their patients about DS. However, a majority (78%) reported that they had encountered an AE. EM physicians also reported they lacked knowledge regarding where (87%) and how (87%) to report AE. It is clear that physician and nonphysician HCPs would benefit from additional training about DS and how and where to report suspected AE. Providing regular training on risks, common AE, and how and where to report an AE would help fill the knowledge gap in the ever-changing DS industry. Addressing these issues and coming up with a solution to integrating AE reporting into clinical care could improve health care practices and increase AE reporting to the Food and Drug Administration, which would have a beneficial impact on patient care, public safety, and mission readiness.