Knowledge Of Breast Self-examination Research Articles

Breast Cancer Knowledge and Practice among Saudi Arabia Women with and Without Positive Family History: A Cross Sectional Study

Knowledge of association between breast cancer and risk factors of family history can help change the health behaviour. To reduce risk factors associated with breast cancer among young women in Saudi Arabia, it is necessary to understand the degree of risk perception and socio-economic differences. A cross-sectional study of 253 Saudi women aged 25-64 years investigated the awareness of risk factors (positive family history) for breast cancer. Standard self-administered questionnaire, screening practices including breast self-examination (BSE), clinical breast examination (CBE), and mammography were included in the data collection and analysed through PRISM (version 8.4.2.) for individuals with and without a positive family history. Prevalence of positive family history and non-family history was 75/253 (30%), and 178/253 (70%) respectively. The mean age of women with a positive family history (FH+) was 47.1 years and without a positive family history (FH-) was 43.4 years. The results showed that both groups were low in practicing BSE (FH+ 23% and FH- 13%) once a month. The BSE knowledge assessment showed 77% in FH+ women whereas the knowledge of CBE and mammography in FH+ women were 75 % and 76% respectively, and 83% and 56% respectively in FH+ women. Awareness of family history as a risk factor was greater in FH+ women compared to FH- women. The women with lower education and low income have less knowledge about breast cancer screening behaviour and FH+ as a risk factor were identified. The results indicated limited knowledge of risk factors and inadequate breast cancer screening of FH+ women. Poor knowledge and practice of breast screening can contribute to late-stage breast cancer disease. Understanding the strengths and importance of the relationship between breast screening activity and its risk factors is essential to the emerging and more tailored promotion of breast health.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among Women in an Urban City in Abia State, Nigeria

Background: Early diagnosis of breast cancer has been associated with better outcomes in diagnosed cases. Breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive but effective method of identifying breast masses that may be cancerous.
 Objectives: To identify the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE among women in Abia State, Nigeria.
 Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study of 415 women in Aba, a commercial city in Abia State. Pretested questionnaires were administered on women who consented to participate in the study. Analysis of data was done using IBM SPSS Version 20.
 Results: The mean age of the 415 participants was 36.7±9.9 years. About 9% of respondents had a positive family history of breast cancer. Majority of the women; 76% (331) had heard of BSE with highest (34%) source of information being radio and television. While 67.5% knew how to do BSE, only 32% knew the right frequency for performing BSE. Though majority of women agreed that it was necessary to see a doctor for breast examination; only 39% had done so previously while 54% felt having a doctor examine their breast would be embarrassing. Only 28% of the women had practiced BSE in the past. Reasons given for not practicing BSE were lack of knowledge and forgetfulness.
 Conclusion: This study demonstrated high knowledge and good attitude but poor practice of BSE.

Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among nursing staff in Bangalore

Breast cancer has emerged as a major public health problem and early detection helps in bringing down the burden. Even thoughMammography is the best choice for screening, it is expensive and requires skilled personnel. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) is important in early detection and for mass awareness especially in resource poor countries. Nurses and midwives constitute major contributors in delivering health care and education and if these are empowered and trained they can convince women to perform BSE. Various studies conducted on nurses BSE practice show that the nurses are generally ineffective practitioners of BSE and that their frequency of BSE teaching is low.To assess the knowledge and practice of effective BSE among female nurses. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 90 female nurses working in a tertiary care hospital. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE. Written consent was taken from the participants. Data was collected on the socio demographic information, knowledge and practice of BSE. Data was analysed using SPSS version 16.: 55.6% of the nurses said that BSE should be performed once in 6 months, 18.9% felt that it should be performed monthly. 42.2% of the nurses said that BSE has no relation to menstrual cycle. 86.7% of nurses said that BSE should be performed in standing up position and the first source of information was BSE awareness programmes. 75.6% nurses practiced BSE but only 33.3% were effectively practicing BSE. 50% of the nurses said that they were confident in performing BSE. The major reasons for practicing were, early detection has a great value and fear of Breast cancer. Themajor reasons for not practicing BSE were, afraid I will find something 54.5%.The study indicates that nurses had inadequate knowledge about BSE. Practice of BSE was high but very few practiced it effectively.

Breast self-examination practice and its determinants among women in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The survival rate from breast cancer is lowest in African countries and the distribution of breast self-examination practice of and its determinants are not well investigated in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was designed to determine the pooled prevalence of breast self-examination and its associated factors among women in Ethiopia. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline was followed for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The databases used were; PUBMED, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, CINAHL, African Journals Online, Dimensions and Summon per country online databases. Search terms used were; breast self-examination, breast cancer screening, early detection of breast cancer and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument (JBI-MAStARI) was used for critical appraisal of studies. The meta-analysis was conducted using STATA 15 software. The pooled meta-analysis was computed to present the pooled prevalence and relative risks (RRs) of the determinate factors with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We identified 2,637 studies, of which, 40 articles (with 17,820 participants) were eligible for inclusion in the final meta-analysis. The pooled estimate of breast self-examination in Ethiopia was 36.72% (95% CI: 29.90, 43.53). The regional distribution breast self-examination ranged from 21.2% (95% CI: 4.49, 37.91) in Tigray to 61.5% (95% CI: 53.98, 69.02) in Gambela region. The lowest prevalence of breast self-examination was observed among the general population (20.43% (95% CI: 14.13, 26.72)). Women who had non-formal educational status (OR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.21, 0.77)), family history of breast cancer (OR = 2.04 (95% CI: 1.23, 3.39)), good knowledge of breast self-examination (OR = 4.8 (95% CI: 3.03, 7.6)) and favorable attitude toward breast self-examination (OR = 2.75, (95% CI: 1.66, 4.55)) were significantly associated with practice of breast self-examination. Only a third of women in Ethiopia practiced breast examination despite WHO guidelines advocating for this practice among all women of reproductive age. Intervention programs should address the factors that are associated with breast self-examination. Population specific programs are needed to promote breast self-examination.

Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-examination and Associated Factors among Women Students in West Arsi Zone, Southeast Ethiopia

Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause for maternal mortality globally, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. The incidence is increasing specially in developing regions. Regular breast self-examination is one of the most cost-effective methods for early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge and breast self-examination practice, and its associated factors among students in private universities at west Arsi zone, south east Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 1 to 30, 2018. A total of 355 undergraduate female students were participated in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Binary and multivariate logistics regression analyses was applied using backward step wise method with p 0.25 criteria to enter and exit from the model respectively. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed and significance of all tests was determined at p ≤ 0.05. Results: From all participants 84(23.7%) were knowledgeable about breast self-examination and 148(41.7%) and 65(18.3%) of them have knowledge about sign and risk of breast cancer respectively. Only 112(31.5%) ever practiced breast self-examination, from those 79(22.3) of them practice breast self-examination monthly and most them started breast self-examination between age of 20-30 years. After adjusting for possible confounders; Field of study, knowledge of breast cancer risk and sign were significantly associated with knowledge of breast self-examination. Knowledge about breast self-examination and from constructs of health belief model perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers were significantly associated with breast self-examination practice. Conclusion: knowledge and practice of breast self-examination of undergraduate female students was low as a National guideline of Ethiopia FMOH that states all female age above 20 years should practice BSE. Therefore, the health sector should design strategies to improve female students’ knowledge and practice of breast self-examination.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination amongst Women in Two Communities of Cameroon

Breast cancer is a major health problem in the world. It is the most common cancer in women and is equally the leading cause of cancer death in women. Though in controversy Breast self-examination (BSE) remains a useful tool in early diagnosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE amongst women in Yaoundé and Monatele. We carried out a cross sectional study in two communities of Cameron over a period of eight months, targeting females older than 15 years. After obtaining authorization, we randomly interviewed 402 consenting participants, using a pretested questionnaire. Data were entered using CS Pro 7.3 and analysed using SPSS 23. Of a total of 402 participants, 256 (63.7%) in Monatele and 146 (36.3%) in Yaoundé VI, the mean age was 26.55 ± 9.57 years. Exactly 50% (201) had earlier heard of BSE. Health personnel and media represented the main sources of information on BSE. Of the total, 46 (11.4%) knew BSE should be done monthly. Fifty-three percent had poor knowledge and 51.0% had a generally low attitude towards BSE. Out of 402 participants, 65.2% reported not practicing BSE. For those practicing, 71.6% had poor practices. The main reason for not practicing was lack of knowledge. Poor knowledge increased poor practice. In conclusion half of the women had heard about BSE even though the majority had a poor knowledge on BSE and very low overall attitude and practice. Health personnel and media played a key role in passing of information. Increasing the number of health campaigns, multiplying TV shows and health talks about breast self-examination will improve knowledge and hence attitude and practice.

Edukasi SADARI (pemeriksaan payudara sendiri)di Kelurahan Murni Kota Jambi

Breast cancer is a condition in which cells develop abnormally so that they form a mass of malignant tissue entering the surrounding tissue and can spread throughout the body. Of the 10 types of cancer in the world, breast cancer is the second largest with 12.90% of deaths after lung cancer. While the prevalence of cancer in Indonesia, Jambi Province ranks 13th out of 34 provinces in Indonesia with 1287 patients in 2017 (Jambi Provincial Health Office Data, 2017). Kelurahan Murni one of Kelurahan in Danau Sipin Subdistrict, where there are still many communities in the region who do not understand breast self-examination as a detection of breast cancer. Based on field observations, it was found that the Posbindu group was not optimal in organizing educational activities for the community due to the lack of knowledge of theKader well as the optimal health center program that supervises them. The targets of this community service activity are Kader Posbindu and group in the Kelurahan Murni. This activity aims to increase the knowledge of kader and group Kelurahan Murni socialization BSE as an early detection of Breast Cancer in the form of education, socialization and demonstration of Breast Self-Examination (BSE), with the hope that kader and group are able to understand and be motivated to do BSE every month so as to prevent early prevention. the incidence of breast cancer and 100% increased knowledge of the participants.

Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination Among Young Women in Tertiary Education in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

BackgroundBreast cancer is the top cancer among women both in the developed and the developing world. Many deaths can be avoided if breast cancer can be detected and treated early. The practice of breast self-examination (BSE) is a convenient, no-cost tool that can be used regularly for detecting breast cancer at an early stage. Therefore, this study sought to assess the knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among young females in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsInstitutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 358 females using a pre-tested and self-administered questionnaire. The data were cleaned and analyzed using SPSS version 23, and the descriptive statistics, linear and logistic regression were used for analysis. The possible predictors were identified using the odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval and a P-value of 0.05.ResultsAlmost half of 188 (52.5%) respondents had heard about breast cancer self-examination, while the media were the main source of information. The study revealed that only as little as 47 (13.1%) respondents did appropriate BSE. While confounding factors were controlled for, the linear multivariate regression analysis indicated that the healthcare providers as information sources about BSE (β = 1.9; CI= 0.62, 2.9; p < 0.01) makes the greatest unique contribution to explaining the BSE knowledge level. Moreover, the study indicated that the more age (β = 1.4; CI=1.1, 1.8; p < 0.01) and knowledge (β = 1.34; CI=1.1, 1.64; p < 0.01) the females have, the more likely it is that they will report practicing BSE.ConclusionThis study showed that a few females implemented regular BSE. Further implementations are needed in addressing young females, making awareness and advocacy campaigns about BSE to increase early diagnosis of breast cancer that raises the chances for successful treatment in Ethiopia.

Effect of video-assisted structured teaching program on knowledge of breast self-examination among female college students of Puducherry: a pre and post experimental study

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is an easy method for early detection of breast cancer that can be performed by self at home. The present study was done to assess the effect of video-assisted structured teaching program on knowledge of BSE among female college students of Puducherry.Methods: This pre and post experimental study was conducted in September 2014 among 160 college students at government women’s college, Puducherry who were aged 18-26 years. The knowledge was assessed using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire following which breast self-examination techniques were taught to them using a video. The post-assessment was done after 14 days of teaching program using the same tool.Results: Of the 160 participants, 90% were undergraduates, 85.6% were Hindus, 58.1% were from rural area and 5.6% were having family history of breast cancer. The knowledge regarding the breast cancer was good even before the intervention and the media was the main source of information. The video-assisted structured teaching used in this study was effective to improve the overall awareness score for breast cancer and BSE significantly. The change in knowledge regarding the steps and the pattern of performing BSE was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The video-assisted teaching used was found to be effective in improving the knowledge regarding BSE. This type of regular health education with short videos can be a useful method for imparting knowledge to college students about BSE. However, the exact technique of performing BSE needs further reinforcement among the study participants.

Knowledge and Attitudes of Breast Cancer, Breast SelfExamination and Mammography among Female Students in Saudi Arabia

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Breast cancer, Breastself-examination (BSE) and mammography among female students in the College of Applied MedicalSciences.Methods: The study was conducted at College of Applied Medical Sciences in University of Hafr AlBatin. after being approved by the local research Ethics committee. The sample was consisted of 200undergraduates’ female students from third and fourth academic year. The questionnaire consists of foursections: demographic data, knowledge of BC, BSE and mammogram (21 questions), knowledge of riskfactors (7 questions), and attitudes (17 items. The findings revealed that 71% of the respondents had goodknowledge of breast cancer, 63% had satisfactory level of breast self-examination, and 53% had poor levelof mammogram. Furthermore, 72% and 59% of respondents had positive attitude towards BC and BSErespectively, while 69% of them had negative attitude regarding mammogram.Conclusion: Lack of knowledge and attitudes about BSE and mammogram practice among female studentsmay due to their beliefs that young women are not at risk and do not need to be aware with all breast cancerscreening methods.

Knowledge of Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Practices of Breast Self-Examination among Women in Northern Ghana

Introduction: Breast cancer remains a major global health concern in both developed and developing countries. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge of risk factors of breast cancer (BC), and the practice of breast self-examination (BSE) among females in the Tamale Metropolis of Northern Ghana. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 1122 participants; consisting of nurses 157 (14.1%), teachers 227 (20.2%), undergraduate university students 339 (30.5%), medical students 95 (8.5%) and market women 304 (27.3%). Using a convenience sampling method to select the participants, we distributed questionnaires to participants which were completed and returned. Results: Most of the participants, 498 (44.4%) were between age 19-25. The majority were enlightened about BC (93.1%), and BSE (87.6%), 723 (64%) had good knowledge about the risk factors of BC. A total of 857 (76.4%) had previously been taught BSE. However, only 417 (37.2%) were found to practice BSE regularly. Conclusion: The knowledge of BC risk factors and BSE was remarkable, but varied in the various occupational categories. However, only a few participants practiced BSE regularly. There is a need for widespread educational campaigns to educate further and encourage women to practice BSE regularly. The inclusion of men in these crusades is long overdue. Equipped with the knowledge and skills of BSE, men could assist and encourage their spouses to frequently examine themselves. Further research studies will be necessary to ascertain the role of men in championing BSE among their significant others.&#x0D; Keywords: awareness; breast cancer; breast self-examination; knowledge; practice; Ghana; Tamale

Awareness of Self-Examination, Screening, and Risk Factors for Breast Cancer Among Women Awaiting Care at the Outpatient Clinic of a Mastology Unit

This study aimed to evaluate the awareness and practice of breast self-examination (BSE) and the awareness of screening and risk factors for breast cancer among patients from a mastology clinic and to associate such findings with sociodemographic factors of that population. A total of 202 randomly selected patients from the outpatient clinic of the Mastology Unit of São Paulo School of Medicine were interviewed. A structured questionnaire was used and included questions regarding sociodemographic variables, questions to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE, and knowledge of mammographic screening and risk factors for breast cancer. The vast majority of patients were aware of the existence of BSE (93.1%). BSE was performed by most patients (64.9%), although only 20.3% performed it adequately. Only 21.8% of respondents showed awareness of the best screening method for breast cancer. Furthermore, 17.3% of patients showed adequate awareness of risk factors for breast cancer. The analysis of sociodemographic variables showed that older, postmenopausal, and less-educated women showed better practice of BSE. Overall, the patients had no adequate awareness of BSE, mammographic screening, and risk factors for breast cancer, and the majority failed to practice BSE adequately, particularly the group of patients with the higher level of education. These data show that educational measures regarding the practice of BSE and, especially, mammograms should be emphasized, regardless of education level or family income of the patient.

Breast cancer knowledge, attitude and self-examination practices of physiotherapy students in India: a cross-sectional study

Background: Breast cancer is a major cause of cancer in Indian females. Breast self-examination (BSE) being a low-cost, effortless, and efficient procedure can help early detection in developing countries. Physiotherapists play an active role in community rehabilitation and this study aims to assess their knowledge about breast cancer, BSE as well as explore attitude and self-examination practice among physiotherapy students.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 students in various physiotherapy colleges of Navi Mumbai, using a pre-validated questionnaire. The data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. A chi-square test was applied to find an association between variables. Correlation analysis was used to test the strength of the relationship between numeric variables. Results: The study reported students had moderate knowledge about breast cancer (59.5%) and breast self-examination (BSE) (62.6%). Attitude towards self-examination practice was excellent (94.2%), but only (25.8%) of the respondents reported to perform BSE monthly. There was a significant association between the overall knowledge and practice of BSE (p=0.000). Also, a significant association was found between overall knowledge and attitude towards BSE (p=0.000).Conclusions: Health education strategies and awareness programs are necessary to keep in view the current status of breast cancer, BSE knowledge among health care professionals.

Breast self-examination and associated factors among women in Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe early detection of breast cancer plays an important role in decreasing morbidity and mortality of breast cancer. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one screening method used for the early detection of breast cancer. BSE involves the woman looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions, or swellings. BSE is a simple exercise that can potentially save women’s lives, but BSE receives relatively little attention and no study has yet addressed BSE at the community level. Here we assessed BSE and associated factors among women aged 20–65 years in Wolaita Sodo city, Ethiopia.MethodsThis was a community-based, cross-sectional study. Systematic random sampling was used to select 626 women aged 20–65 years old. Data were collected using a pre-tested and structured questionnaire. Data were recorded using EpiData version 3.5.1 and exported to SPSS version 21 for cleaning and statistical analysis. Bivariable analysis was performed, and variables with a p-value < 0.25 were used in multiple logistic regression analysis. Multiple logistic regression was employed, and variables with p-values < 0.05 were considered statically significant.ResultsA total of 629 women aged between 20 and 65 years were included in the study. Over half (60.9%) of participants were aged between 20 and 29 years, and 8.2% were < 50 years old. Women who mentioned BSE as a method for the early detection of breast problems were 6.36-times (95% CI: 3.72, 10.71) more likely to perform BSE than those who reported that they did not know of any method. Those who had breast fed for 13–24 months were 2.43 times (95% CI: 1.28, 4.59) more likely to examine their breasts than those who breast fed for different durations or used other methods. Employed study participants were 3.13-times (95% CI: 1.14, 8.58) more likely to practice BSE than those who were not employed. Likewise, students were 3.73-times (95% CI: 1.19, 11.73) more likely to perform BSE.ConclusionsIn our sample, women’s practice of BSE was relatively low. Knowledge of BSE, breastfeeding up to 24 months, being employed, and being a student were factors affecting performing BSE. Educating girls and increasing awareness, including through electronic media, are important to encourage BSE and improve breast cancer outcomes.

Knowledge of Women from Basrah about Breast Cancer: Its Risk and Preventive Factors

Background: Breast cancer is very common in Basrah, Iraq and at global level. To assist in the control measures of breast cancer, good knowledge of women about certain aspects of the disease is essential and needs enhancement. Objective: To explore the extent to which women have knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE), mammography, risk factors, and preventive measures for breast cancer. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 300 women in Basrah was conducted. The data collection form was used to interview participants from attendants of breast cancer early detection clinic, primary health care centers, and a private clinic. The data covered demographic characteristics of the women, their knowledge of BSE, mammography, risk factors, and preventive factors. The data were fed into the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-Version 26). The results were expressed as frequency and cross tabulation. The Chi-squared test (or Fisher Exact Test) was used to examine the association between the groups, and a p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Of the 300 participating women, 61.7% were married, 41.7% had secondary and higher level of education, and 75.6% were of the age of 30 and above. Family history as a risk factor for breast cancer was reported by 16.7% of the participants. About 90.3% of the participants had knowledge of BSE; however, only 42% knew about mammography. Only 38.3% and 11.3% of the participants had performed self-examination and mammography screening, respectively. In general, this study’s results revealed a moderate level of knowledge and practice. Conclusion: A tangible gap in knowledge is evident and demands effective an health-education program to support breast cancer control efforts. Keywords: Breast cancer, Breast self-examination, Risk factor KAP study

Risk Factors Among Breast Cancer Patients Being Treated in Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal: A Case Control Study

Introduction: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. Its incidence is on the rise in Nepal. However, the risk factors have not been studied in context of Nepal. The aim of this study is to identify and quantify the association of various risk factors with breast cancer in Nepal. Methods: Hospital-based age-matched case-control study was conducted among 50 cases and 150 controls visiting BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characters, socio-economic parameters, reproductive history, dietary and personal habits, family history, history of contraception and history of benign breast disease. Height, weight, hip circumference and waist circumference were measured. Results: Majority of the cases (52%) belonged to the age group of 46-55 years. The significant risk factors were ethnicity of Dalit/Madhesi (AOR 8.222, 95% CI 2.377-28.441, p-value 0.001), parity of 3 to 5 (AOR 5.614, 95% CI 1.140-27.639, p-value 0.03) and previous history of benign breast disease (OR 13.614, 95% CI 3.229-57.391, p-value 0.001). Hysterectomy was found to reduce the risk of breast cancer (OR 0.122, 95% CI 0.017-0.826, p-value 0.03). Knowledge of breast self-examination was significantly higher among cases than controls (AOR 36.29, 95% CI 5.788-227.555, p-value &lt; 0.001). Knowledge of mammography was significantly lower among cases than control (AOR=0.133, 95% CI=0.028-0.647, p-value=0.01). Conclusion: This study showed a number of factors to be associated with the increased risk of breast cancer. It was observed that the mean age at diagnosis is a decade earlier than in Western countries. Genetic component was not significant in context of Nepal. It is hoped that the findings of this study will facilitate further exploration and evidenced-based preventive measures for Nepalese women.

Risk Factors Among Breast Cancer Patients Being Treated in Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal: A Case Control Study

Introduction Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among females worldwide. Its incidence is on the rise in Nepal. However, the risk factors have not been studied in context of Nepal. The aim of this study is to identify and quantify the association of various risk factors with breast cancer in Nepal.&#x0D; MethodsHospital-based age-matched case-control study was conducted among 50 cases and 150 controls visiting BP Koirala Memorial Cancer Hospital, Bharatpur, Nepal. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on demographic characters, socio-economic parameters, reproductive history, dietary and personal habits, family history, history of contraception and history of benign breast disease. Height, weight, hip circumference and waist circumference were measured.&#x0D; ResultsMajority of the cases (52%) belonged to the age group of 46-55 years. The significant risk factors were ethnicity of Dalit/Madhesi (AOR 8.222, 95% CI 2.377-28.441, p-value 0.001), parity of 3 to 5 (AOR 5.614, 95% CI 1.140-27.639, p-value 0.03) and previous history of benign breast disease (OR 13.614, 95% CI 3.229-57.391, p-value 0.001). Hysterectomy was found to reduce the risk of breast cancer (OR 0.122, 95% CI 0.017-0.826, p-value 0.03). Knowledge of breast self-examination was significantly higher among cases than controls (AOR 36.29, 95% CI 5.788-227.555, p-value &lt; 0.001). Knowledge of mammography was significantly lower among cases than control (AOR=0.133, 95% CI=0.028-0.647, p-value=0.01).&#x0D; ConclusionThis study showed a number of factors to be associated with the increased risk of breast cancer. It was observed that the mean age at diagnosis is a decade earlier than in Western countries. Genetic component was not significant in context of Nepal. It is hoped that the findings of this study will facilitate further exploration and evidenced-based preventive measures for Nepalese women.

Effects of mobile text messaging on breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge, BSE self-efficacy, and BSE frequency: a randomised controlled trial.

Educating women regarding breast cancer and increasing breast self-examination uptake continues to remain a major challenge despite the intensive campaigns. An innovative, cost-effective and easily customised intervention is needed especially in under-resourced and hard to reach communities. This paper is a report examining the effects of mobile text messaging on women's knowledge of breast cancer and BSE, BSE self-efficacy and frequency of BSE. A randomised controlled trial design was used. The study sample consisted of 128 women of reproductive age (WRA) (64 in the experimental group and 64 in the control group) from two communities in the Philippines during the months of August to October 2018. Three to five short messages were sent to the participants in the experimental group daily for one month while the control group did not receive the messages. Women who received mobile text messages had higher knowledge of breast cancer (F=21.756, p=0.001) and breast self-examination (F=6.776, p=0.010) than the control group. However, no significant improvements were seen in the BSE self-efficacy (F=1.446, p=0.232) and frequency of BSE (F=3.374, p=0.69). Mobile text messaging significantly improved the knowledge on breast cancer and breast self-examination among women; however, it did not affect their breast self-examination self-efficacy and frequency. Mobile text messaging can be a viable tool that can be used by healthcare workers in order to educate women regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination toward breast cancer among female students at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Breast cancer is the most common of all female cancers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This study aims to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice toward Breast Self-Examination (BSE) and also to explore the knowledge about breast cancer, among Saudi female students at King Saud University (KSU) in Riyadh. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 422 female students at KSU by using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: The study showed that the majority of participants (57.4%) had a moderate level of knowledge of breast cancer. The major source of information (39.8%) about BSE was mass media. Among the participants, 52.2% of the respondents had adequate overall knowledge toward BSE, 64.01% of participants had a positive attitude toward BSE, and only 18% of all respondents perform BSE. There was a significant difference between the overall knowledge and practice of BSE (p < 0.005). Conclusion: Most female students had a poor practice of BSE. Mass media is an important source of information about BSE to improve awareness among the community.

&lt;p&gt;Breast Self-Examination Practice and Associated Factors Among Secondary School Female Teachers in Gammo Gofa Zone, Southern, Ethiopia&lt;/p&gt;

IntroductionNowadays, breast self-examination (BSE) is a breast cancer screening method that identifies breast mass by the woman herself. However, it is not widely practiced due to various problems. This study aimed to assess the magnitude of BSE practice and associated factors among female secondary school teachers in Gammo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia.MethodsAn institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 247 female secondary school teachers, from March 1 to 30, 2018. Participants were selected using the lottery method. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were cleaned, coded, and entered into Epi data manager 4.4 and analyzed using SPSS version 21. Binary logistic regression was employed.ResultsOf 82 respondents, 34.3% had ever performed BSE. Among these, only 32 (13.4%) had practiced BSE monthly (regularly). Being knowledgeable on BSE [AOR=2.84, 95% CI (1.41, 5.72)], ever heard about BSE [AOR=2.26, 95% CI (1.07, 4.77)], being married [AOR=4.09, 95% CI (1.64, 10.22)], having less perceived barrier to BSE [AOR=2.62, 95% CI (1.26, 5.46)], having high perceived confidence [AOR=3.63, 95% CI (1.79, 7.39)] and motivation to BSE [AOR=3.29, 95% CI (1.15, 9.45)] were significant predictors of BSE practice.ConclusionIn this study, one in three women had ever practiced BSE, whereas about one in seven women regularly practiced BSE. The main reasons for not practicing BSE were: not knowing how to perform BSE and forgetfulness (for regular practice). Therefore, integrated work on behavioral change communication and interferences that focus on improving knowledge of BSE, and skills on how to perform BSE is needed. Additionally, the identified domains of the health belief model (perceived barrier, perceived confidence, and perceived motivation) may be the most effective strategies that should be considered by Gammo Gofa Zonal health and educational offices.