Knowledge Of Breast Self-examination Research Articles

Breast cancer awareness among women of reproductive age- a questionnaire based study

IntroductionBreast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide, and its prevalence is rising among younger women of reproductive age. The study aims to investigate their awareness of breast cancer risk factors, warning indicators, and preventive methods. The study also aimed to assess participants' knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE) and their practices with this crucial screening method. MethodologyTo achieve these goals, we used a cross-sectional survey employing a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire included multiple-choice and open-ended items about breast cancer awareness, knowledge, and practices. ResultsThere were 400 questionnaires given out to female patients attending the out-patient department, and 290 of them were completed and returned. The majority of responders to our poll, 88 %, were aware that breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women. The fact that 57 % of the individuals never examined their own breasts is a worrying result. There was a statistically significant difference between knowledge and family history (X2 = 13.8, P < 0.001) and knowledge and schooling (X2 = 6.4,P < 0.001). Both the practise of BSE and knowledge of BC were good in respondents under the age of 45, however they differed statistically significantly (X2-2.8,P = 0.041 and X2-2.6, P = 0.001, respectively). ConclusionUnderstanding the extent of breast cancer awareness and knowledge gaps in this population is critical for planning targeted interventions and educational efforts. By identifying areas where knowledge is weak, healthcare practitioners and governments can implement policies to encourage early detection practices, reduce delays in seeking medical aid, and ultimately improve breast cancer outcomes.

Knowledge and Practice Regarding Breast Self-Examination (BSE) among Nursing Students Working in A Tertiary Care Hospital Lahore, Pakistan: An Observational Descriptive Cross Sectional Study

Background: Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, quick, and cost-free method crucial for the early detection of breast cancer, which significantly reduces morbidity and mortality. Health Sciences students, particularly those in nursing, are ideally positioned to serve as role models and educators on this practice. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of BSE among nursing students at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, with a view to identifying gaps that could be addressed through targeted educational programs. Methods: This observational descriptive cross-sectional study engaged nursing students from various academic levels at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore. Participants were selected through convenience sampling. Adherence to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement was ensured. Data were collected via a self-administered structured questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS software version 26, focusing on frequencies and percentages of categorical variables. Results: Of the participants, 63.76% demonstrated a high level of knowledge about BSE, scoring ≥75%. In contrast, 36.23% scored below 75%, indicating a low level of knowledge. Practice of BSE was limited, with only 47% (n=65) of the participants engaging in the practice, and the majority, 53% (n=73), not practicing at all. Conclusion: Although nursing students show a good understanding of BSE, a significant gap exists between their knowledge and actual practice. This discrepancy highlights the need for enhanced educational interventions to encourage regular BSE practice, which is essential for the effectiveness of breast cancer screening and early detection efforts.

IJCM_58A: A Cross- sectional study to assess the prevalence of Breast self-examination practices and its awareness among school teachers in Raipur City, Chhattisgarh

Background: Women in India face a significant risk of high mortality rate from breast cancer, due to the delay in the diagnosis and the advanced stages of the disease at the time of diagnosis. Screening is among the best ways to detect cancer at an early stage, BSE is one of the most satisfactory ways due to it being non-invasive, easy, economically feasible, cost effective to screen for breast cancer. Teachers play an effective role in communication and motivation of young students. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of Breast self-examination among schoolteachers in Raipur city. 2. To find out awareness of Breast self- examination among schoolteachers in Raipur, C.G Methodology: Study Design- Cross-sectional observational study, Study Setting - Government Schools in Raipur city. Study Population- Female School Teachers. Study Tool- Self-administered Semi-structured questionnaire and specific health education module on breast self-examination and breast cancer. Results: The overall knowledge of breast self-examination in this population was rather very low. In our study we got to know that 83.33% of women were aware of breast cancer. Conclusion: Breast self-examination is associated with social stigma. Need of imparting awareness among females is important.

A Scoping Review of the Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Women in Nigeria

Over 19 million cases of breast cancer were reported among women in 2020, surpassing lung cancer to become the leading cause of cancer worldwide. Women in developing countries have higher mortality rates than women in developed countries. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple procedure carried out by women themselves to determine any changes in their breasts and if needed seek further medical attention. This scoping review aimed to assess the available evidence on the knowledge and practice of BSE among women in Nigeria. This scoping review was conducted by searching African Journals On-Line (AJOL), ProQuest, PubMed and Science Direct databases for eligible studies. The relevant data was then extracted and a summary of the findings reported. 36 eligible articles were identified, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria and were considered for data extraction. All the studies included were cross-sectional descriptive surveys. The average reported knowledge of BSE is 67%, with 40% of study respondents practicing BSE, but only 26% of study respondents practiced BSE monthly. There’s low practice of BSE among women in Nigeria. Further research and appropriate interventions are needed to improve early detection and treatment of breast cancer.

SADARI (Periksa Payudara Sendiri) : Pengetahuan dan Perilaku Remaja kota dan Desa di Provinsi Papua

Breast cancer is still a serious problem in both developed and developing countries. Cancer is the highest cause of death in the world. In Indonesia, breast cancer is also the type of cancer that contributes the highest to the female cancer prevalence rate. The low level of early detection efforts by self-examination of the breasts and clinical breast examinations is the cause of the increase in breast cancer. Leading to an increase in the death rate. The aim of this research is to identify knowledge and behavior of BSE (breast self- examination) among urban and rural teenage girls in Papua Province. This research method uses a cross sectional study design. The sample in this study was 185 urban and rural teenage girls. Data analysis used the Mann Whitney U statistical test to see differences in BSE knowledge and behavior in urban n rural teenage girls. The research results showed that the majority of urban teenage girls’ knowledge level was in the high category, while the majority of rural teenage girls were in the low category. While the behavior of urban teenage girls tended to be more obedient in doing BSE (breast self- examination) compared to rural teenage girls. Bivariate analysis show that there is a difference in the level of knowledge between urban and rural teenage girls regarding BSE (breast self- examination) with a p-value (0,000) &lt; 0,05 and there is also difference in BSE (breast self- examination) behavior among urban and rural teenage girls with p-value (0.016)&lt;0.05.

Effect of educational intervention on the knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination among female students at a private university in Southern Nigeria

IntroductionIn Nigeria, breast cancer (BC), a disorder marked by the unchecked growth of breast cells, has been the commonest cancer among women in Nigeria. Breast self-examination (BSE) is one of the suggested methods for screening for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. However, studies have reported inadequate knowledge, negative attitudes and poor practices of BSE among undergraduate female students. The study was designed as an interventional study to examine the effect of educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination among female students in a private university in southern Nigeria.MethodsThis pretest posttest design study was carried out on 103 students of Novena University at baseline in 2022, which were chosen through the use of simple random sampling. A validated questionnaire with components on demographics, knowledge, attitude, and BSE practice was used to gather the data. After that, the students participated in three hourly sessions of an educational intervention for two weeks. A month later, the students’ data were once again collected, and SPSS 20 software was used to evaluate the results using the mean, paired t test, and logistic regression at the P < 0.05 level of significance.ResultsThe mean age of the respondents was 22.37 ± 1.92 years. Only 53 (51.3%) were aware of BSE. The mean knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE at pretest significantly increased at posttest after the educational intervention (1.58 ± 1.48 vs. 4.31 ± 1.15, 2.37 ± 1.27 vs. 4.80 ± 0.49 and 1.97 ± 0.09 vs. 5.81 ± 3.26, respectively). Furthermore, age and family history of BC were predictors of knowledge (OR = 4.00 95% CI = 0.29–41.99, OR = 141, 95% CI = 0.15–13.18), attitude (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 0.28–12.32, OR = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.24–8.34) and practice of BSE (OR = 2.66, 95% CI = 0.38–18.41, OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.24–8.34) respectively.ConclusionThe findings showed that using an educational intervention strategy will improve the knowledge, attitude and practice of BSE among undergraduate students.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of breast self-examination is associated with general self-care and cultural factors: a study from Tamil Nadu, India

AimBreast cancer is the most prevalent type of cancer among women. One form of care related to early detection of breast cancer is breast self-examination (BSE). However, evidence on knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of BSE and its determining factors are minuscule in an Indian context. Therefore, the present study primarily examined the prevalence of KAP of BSE. Further, its association with general self-care and cultural factors was determined.MethodsThis cross-sectional study obtained data from 412 women (Mn age = 26.63) from two rural localities of Vellore district, Tamil Nadu, India. Self-reported questionnaires of KAP of BSE, self-care, and cultural factors were applied. Statistical analyses include independent sample t-test and binomial logistic regression.ResultsThe majority of the sample had inadequate knowledge (58%), unfavourable attitudes (73.8%), and poor practice (89.6%) of BSE. The general self-care among the sample was moderate. Self-care was found to be a significant predictor of knowledge (b = 0.07, p < .05) and attitude (b = 0.092, p < .05) toward BSE. Shyness was identified as a negative predictor of KAP. Discouraged breast health discussions predicted inadequate knowledge, and not being educated by family/friends had a negative impact on knowledge and practice. A preference for same-gender physicians led to an unfavourable attitude toward BSE.ConclusionThe observed negative trends in KAP of BSE are concerning. The results imply that girls and women should be educated and encouraged to practice BSE and promote self-care behaviours. At the same time, efforts to reduce cultural barriers may be helpful to promote the KAP of BSE.

Knowledge and practice of breast self-examination among breast cancer patients in Damascus, Syria

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) represents an important cause of cancer death, its incidence rate has been rising gradually in the Arab world, and in Syria, BC is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer death; its prognosis gets better as we detect it early in its first stages. So, it is very important to implement one or more early detection methods such as Breast Self-Examination (BSE), Clinical Breast Examination (CBE), and mammography. BSE represents an effective method to find out changes in breast structure when they happen. This study investigates the knowledge of BSE and its practice in BC patients.MethodsA quantitative cross-sectional study in Al-Bairouni hospital in Damascus-Syria was carried out using face-to-face interviews based on a structured questionnaire, which consisted of 4 sections. The data were subjected to statistical analysis using various analytical tests, including the independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Chi-square test.ResultsFive hundred patients were interviewed. Only 27.4% of patients had a good knowledge of BSE, 17.4% had average knowledge, and 55.2% had low knowledge of BSE. The factors that have an impact on the knowledge of BSE were: family breast cancer history (first and second-degree relatives), education, and the region of living (between governorates). The effect of knowledge of BSE on its practice was positive. However, only 24.8% of patients have been practicing BSE; the reasons for not practicing BSE were: no one has told the patient about it (64.8% of cases), and the patient does not have any symptoms relating to the breast (21.4%).Breast cancer was identified through breast self-examination (BSE) in 15.6% of cases.ConclusionThere is a low degree of knowledge and little practice of BSE among Syrian breast cancer patients. Family breast cancer history, governate, occupation, and level of education had a statistically significant effect on knowledge scores of BSE, unlike age and social status. So, some steps should be taken to increase awareness about BSE among Syrian females.

The Relationship Between Women's Health Literacy and Breast Cancer Concern Levels

The research was done descriptively and cross-sectionally to define the relationship between women's health literacy and their anxiety levels regarding breast cancer. 315 female patients participated in the study who are over the age of 20 and inpatient women of a training and research hospital. The interval of study was three months (May and July 2022). Researchers obtained the research data with face-to-face interview technique and they used the "Personal Information Form", "Breast Cancer Concern Scale (BCCS)", and "Health Literacy Scale (HLS)". The mean HLS and BCSS scores of women were 103.8±19 and 9.2±5.6 respectively. It has been found that women's employment status, menopause, education level and knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE) and having BSE have an impact on their level of health literacy. With correlation analysis, it was defined that there was a statistically insignificant and low level, negative relationship between the women’s total mean scores of HLS and the BCCS (r=-0.06, p&gt;0.05). As a result, it was determined that women had above moderate level of health literacy and low level of anxiety about breast cancer, and there was no relationship between health literacy level and breast cancer anxiety. The results showed that women's education level, working outside the home, menopause status, and whether they know and regularly practice BSE affect their health literacy.

Knowledge of breast self-examination among female students of College of Health Technology, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria

Background: The female breast is an important organ of lactation consisting of network of ducts and lobules. Breast disorders can be malignant or benign. Prevention remains a fundamental strategy in the control of breast cancer. Therefore, screening and early detection play important roles in the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer. The knowledge and health-seeking behaviour for breast cancer management are low in Africa, such that majority of the affected patients present late to the hospital when little or nothing can be done in terms of treatment. Objective: To determine the knowledge of breast self-examination (BSE) among female students at College of Health Technology Aba Abia, State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted among female students of college of health technology Aba. Abia state. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the female students which were entered into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with students’ knowledge. Results: The mean age of the respondents is 23±3.461, 398 (93.3%) students participated in the study with a non-responsive rate of 6.7%. Majority of the study participants 279 (70.1%) were in the 18-23 year-age group and 350 (87.9%) were single. The dominant tribe and religion were Igbo 380 (95.5%) and Christianity 387 (97.2%) respectively, 44 (11.1%) of them have children. Social media was a major source of information. Two hundred and seventy-four (68.4%) had good knowledge. Students who were unmarried (AOR; 3.223, p =0.03), Christian students (2.309, p = 0.002), students aged ≤ 23 years (AOR; 3.415 p = 0.004) were statistically associated with students knowledgeable of BSE. Conclusion: Respondents had high level of knowledge of Breast self-examination. Marriage, age and Christianity were predators to knowledge of BSE.

Use of Videos to Support Breast Self-Examination Knowledge and Skills: A Systematic Review

Use of Videos to Support Breast Self-Examination Knowledge and Skills: A Systematic Review

Assessment of breast cancer risk perception, knowledge, and breast self-examination practices among market women in Owo, Ondo State, Nigeria

BackgroundBreast cancer (BC) is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide, and its incidence is increasing, particularly in low-medium-income countries (LMICs). Evidence shows that breast self-examination (BSE) is culturally acceptable, religiously friendly and inexpensive. This study assessed BC risk perception, knowledge and breast self-examination practices among market women in Ondo State, Nigeria.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among market women in 3 selected markets in Owo. A semi-structured interview-based questionnaire was used to collect data. The instrument consisted of five sections based on the objective of the study. Selection of the study participants was done using a multistage sampling technique. The test–retest method was used to determine the reliability of the instrument. Participants knowledge and practices were categorised into good (≥ 50% total score) and poor (< 50% total score) while risk perception was grouped into high (≥ 50% total score) and low (< 50% total score).Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at a p value < 0.05 for determining statistical significance.ResultsA total of 335 respondents completed the study and the mean age ± S.D. was 37.19 ± 9.19 years (range: 18–65 years). 47.5% of respondents were Christian while 60.0% of the respondents were married. 15.5% had tertiary education, and more than two-thirds were from the Yoruba tribe. More than two-thirds (78.5%) of the participants stated that they practiced breast self-examination, while 58.5% reported to have been taught how to perform BSE. 75.8% agreed that the use of injectable contraception or oral pills can result in BC, while 75.8% also agreed that women of reproductive age are at risk of BC. Less than 50% mentioned that they were uncomfortable taking off clothes in front of health professionals during the examination. The perceived risk of BC showed that 221 (65.97%), and 114 (34.03%) of respondents had high, and low levels of perceived risk of BC, respectively. However, 184 (54.93%) and 151 (45.07%) of the respondents had good and poor knowledge. The majority (139, 41.49%) of the respondents had poor BSE practice. Age (p = 0.023), educational qualifications (p < 0.001), average income per month (p < 0.001) and ethnicity (p = < 0.001) were statistically associated with knowledge of breast self-examination while religion (p = 0.02), marital status (p = 0.01), educational qualification (p = 0.001) and distance from facility (p = 0.009) were statistically associated with perceived risk of BC. Participants’ educational qualification (p = 0.006) and ethnicity (p = 0.013) were statistically associated with practice of BSE. Good knowledge was also identified as a significant predictor of good practice of participants among the women (95%CI: 4.574 (2.841–7.365), p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study identified high level of perception, good knowledge and good practice of BSE among majority of the market women in Owo Town. Interventions and extensive health education on BSE with the aim of creating positive awareness and understanding of BSE among the population should be encouraged.

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge of breast self-examination and practices regarding preventive aspects of breast cancer among reproductive age group of selected rural areas of Nagpur region

A study to assess the effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge of breast self-examination and practices regarding preventive aspects of breast cancer among reproductive age group of selected rural areas of Nagpur region

BREAST CANCER AWARENESS AND SCREENING USING BSE, CBE AND CLINICAL FOLLOW UP AMONG RURAL WOMEN OF TRIPURA, NORTH-EAST INDIA

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer morbidity and mortality among females around the globe. In India its the second most common cancer in females which is chiefly attributed to lack of knowledge on breast cancer and Breast Self Examination (BSE) especially among rural women. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of awareness on breast cancer, BSE and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) of rural women having breast problems and their follow up. Methodology: This cross sectional descriptive study was carried out in the rural area around AGMC, Agartala, Tripura among the women. The data was collected by social workers from door to door using a predesigned questionnaire covering various aspects. Brief talk on awareness and BSE was given in form of on-site group discussions. Results: Out of 774 participants, majority belonged to the age group of 40-50 years having school level education(46.8%), married(88.5%), home maker(54.6%), below poverty line (58.8%). Most common electronic source of information were television/radio(75.4%). Most of them identified family history(72.7%) as risk factor &amp; breast lump(100%) as most common symptom of breast cancer. Lacking knowledge about BSE(40.3%) was identified as an important barrier for conducting it. Only 17.8% practiced BSE. Conclusions: This study showed that the overall knowledge of breast cancer and BSE is inadequate and insufficient which warrants effective sensitization by public health education/programmes thus enhancing the knowledge and prevention strategies. This will help in early detection of breast cancer thus reducing morbidity, mortality and burden of disease.

GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PEMERIKSAAN PAYUDARA SENDIRI (SADARI) PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR (WUS)

Introduction. Breast cancer can be detected early by means of Breast Self-Examination (BSE) to find out the early stages. BSE knowledge in women of childbearing age (WUS), namely women who enter the age of 15-49 years is very important. The purpose of this study was to describe the knowledge of BSE in WUS at BPM Midwife Erni Ramayanti, Amd.Keb. Research methods. This research uses quantitative descriptive research. The population of this research is all WUS in BPM Erni Ramayanti Mekarmulya Village as many as 185 people and the sample is 63 people with purposive sampling technique. This research was conducted in June-July 2022. Univariate data analysis used frequency distribution. Research results and conclusions. The results showed that less than half (27.0%) WUS had less knowledge about BSE. A small part (11.1%) have less knowledge based on understanding, less than half (36.5%) have less knowledge based on goals, less than half (42.9%) knowledge based on the benefits of BSE is lacking, a small part (22.2%) less knowledgeable based on impact and more than half (60.3%) lack knowledge based on implementation. Midwives or health workers need to increase counseling or counseling activities to WUS regarding BSE with methods that are easy to understand and understand, such as using leaflets, booklets or demonstration methods. WUS are expected to actively access information about BSE, both from the media and from health workers.

“Effectiveness of Structural Teaching Programme on Knowledge and Practice Regarding Breast Self-Examination among Female Students – A Quasi Experimental Study”

Background of the study: Breast cancer is a major public health issue in both developed and developing countries and it is the leading cause of illness and mortality in women. Every year, about 1.15 million new instances of breast cancer are diagnosed worldwide. The high death rate among women owing to breast cancer is exacerbated by late-stage diagnosis. Aim: To evaluate the impact of a teaching program on female students' knowledge of breast self-examination. Methodology: The quantitative educational and evaluative research approach was deemed the most suitable for this investigation. The research design was "A Quasi Experimental Study to Evaluate the Effectiveness of a Structured Teaching Program on Breast Self-Examination Knowledge and Practice among Female College Students in a Selected College in Panipat." Stratified random sampling was utilized to determine the sample. The data collection instruments were self-administered. Two-part multiple-choice questionnaire, with the first section containing demographic data and the second assessing knowledge of breast self-examination. The data were analyzed and hypotheses tested using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (Chi square, paired "t" test). Results: At the 0.05 level, a comparison of the pre-test mean of 8.35 and the post-test mean of 24.18 for breast self-examination knowledge was found to be statistically significant. This study demonstrates that an educational program is effective at increasing breast self-examination awareness. Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study showed that female students' understanding and practice of BSE were greatly improved because to the structured training program. Therefore, an effective health education campaign should be developed to raise awareness and encourage regular self-breast examination among college-aged women in order to detect breast cancer at an earlier stage.

Awareness, Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Women in Majengo Health Center, Moshi Municipality, Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Currently, Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among women. Despite being second and first leading cause of morbidity and mortality among women globally and in Tanzania respectively, breast cancer is detected by using potentially recommended breast self- examination (BSE) as cornerstone of breast cancer early detection method. Objective: To determine awareness, knowledge, practice and barriers of BSE among women attending clinics at Majengo Health center in Moshi municipality, Kilimanjaro region. Methodology: Hospital based Cross-sectional descriptive study was used. Systemic randomly sampling technique was used to select participants. Respondents interviewed by using semi- structured questionnaire. Data processed and analyzed by using SPSS Version 20. Results: A total 300 urban women from Majengo health center were studied. Their age ranged from 20-56 with mean age of 28.82 years (SD+6.628). Majority 142(47.3%) have primary level of education and about 197(65.7%) were Self – employed. 95% of women heard about BSE, among them only 26(27%) had adequate awareness in which Mass media like Radio (36%) and Television (25%) were main source of information. 94% knew performing BSE and among them, only 31(33%) had adequate knowledge on performing Breast Self-Examination (BSE). 31% respondents practiced BSE and among them, only 25(26.6%) had regular practice. Lack of knowledge on performing BSE 179(59.7%) was the major Barrier in practicing BSE among respondents. Conclusion: This work reveals low level and incomplete awareness, knowledge and practice of BSE among women in Moshi municipality. Recommendation: Effective improvement of health Education covering knowledge and practice of Breast SelfExamination (BSE).

Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to breast cancer self-examination among medical students at the University of Khartoum, Sudan

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common invasive cancer in women, and the second leading cause of death in women worldwide. In Sudan, BC was the most predominant type of cancer among females according to the records of the Radiation Isotope Center Khartoum and Gezira Institute for Cancer Treatment and Molecular Biology.Objective. To assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice of Sudanese medical students regarding breast self-examination (BSE). Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted during June - August 2019 among university medical students in Sudan. Data were collected using a self-administered, semi-structured and pre-tested questionnaire. The questionnaire comprised five parts: participants’ sociodemographic characteristics; knowledge of BSE; knowledge of symptoms of BC; attitudes toward BSE; and attitudes towards BSE practice. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.&#x0D; Results. Three hundred questionnaires were distributed among female students, with 295 responses (98.3%). The findings revealed that 285 (96.6%) of the respondents had heard about BSE before, and 293 (99.3%) of them were aware of the monthly BSE test, and agreed that BSE is a good practice test for early BC detection. Two hundred and ninety-one (91.2%) were knowledgeable about BC symptoms. In addition, 191 (64.7%) of the respondents agreed that they could detect BC by themselves, while 277 (76.9%) of respondents said that BSE is not time- consuming. A total of 257 (87.1%) of the respondents agreed that BSE was important and useful in the early detection of abnormalities. For the practice score, three-quarters (n=221; 74.9%) of the respondents practise BSE because they are aware of its benefit.&#x0D; Conclusion. The intensive awareness campaign of BSE practice and BC should be done on a regular basis using mass media to increase the level of awareness of BC.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Breast Self-Examination: An Early Familiar Diagnostic Test of Breast Cancer

Background: Among female patients’ breast cancer are a growing threat for over a century. In women, breast cancer is the most common malignancy universally such as 154 of 185 nations. Breast self-examination (BSE) is a simple, very low-cost, non-invasive early detection method used to detect early breast cancer, which involves the woman herself looking at and feeling for any change in their breast as early as possible, which yields a better survival rate. BSE should be done for all women older than 20 years. This study intended to determine knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of breast cancer among medical and non-medical undergraduate students. Material &amp; Methods: A descriptive cross‑sectional study was conducted from October to November 2019 to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of BSE. The target population consisted of undergraduate female medical and non‑medical students. A total of 154 (N=154) undergraduate female students participated in this study. Verbal consent was taken before recruiting the study population. Completed data forms were reviewed, edited, and processed for computer data entry. The data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25.0. Results: Among the study population (N=154) with an early familiar diagnosis of breast cancer ”breast self-examination, the mean age of them was 20.434±4.38. Of seventy-eight respondents (n=78), breast cancer screening test was heard by around half of the medical students (42, 53.8%) &amp; of seventy-six non-medical respondents (n=76), around three-fifth of them (46, 60.5%) did not hear about breast cancer screening test. There was no significant relationship between them (p=0.394). Forty medical students (40, 51.3% and twenty-five non-medical students (25, 32.9%) had no idea, twenty-four medical students (24, 30.8%) &amp; forty-three (43, 56.6%) non-medical students had monthly BSE done. Conclusion: Initial diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer have a definite survival benefit. So early detection is an issue of necessity to be uplifted. The results of the present study suggested that knowledge regarding breast cancer, its risk factors, sign symptoms, prevention measures, and performance of BSE is insufficient.

Knowledge and Self-Reported Practices towards Breast Self-Examination among Women of Child-Bearing Age in Luanshya District of Zambia

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy among women in the world. In Zambia, it is the second common cancer among women after cervical cancer. Diagnostic methods for Breast Cancer include Breast Self-Examination, Clinical Breast Examination and Mammography for women above 40 years of age. While Clinical Breast Examination and Mammography are performed by health care providers, Breast Self-Examination is performed by the individual woman. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional correlation study. It was conducted in Mikomfwa area of Luanshya district on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia on women of childbearing age from 18 to 45 years. A sample of 92 women was randomly selected and data was collected using an interview-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 through which descriptive statistics were generated. A chi-square test was used to determine the association between practices of Breast Self-Examination and the level of knowledge and other socio-demographic variables among women who participated in the study. Results: A good number (39.1%) of participants did not have any information about Breast Self-Examination while 60.9% had information prior to the study. At least 59 (60.7%) knew that Breast Cancer can be detected through Breast Self-Examination. Among those, 56 (60.9%) that had information about Breast Self-Examination, the majority 30(53.6%) had adequate knowledge on Breast Self-Examination while 26 (46.4%) expressed inadequate knowledge. Similarly, out of the 56 who had information about Breast Self-Examination only 30 (53.6%) had good practice and 26 (46.4%) had poor practices. However, there was no significant association observed between knowledge of Breast Self-Examination and self-reported practices. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that majority of the women had adequate knowledge of Breast Self- Examination but the practice of Breast Self-Examination were low. We recommended intensified self- awareness campaigns, as Breast Self-Examination is important for early diagnosis of breast cancer.