Knowledge Management Framework Research Articles

The challenges in integrating ESG factors into banks’ credit department: a knowledge management enhanced framework

Purpose Assuming that knowledge management is a pivotal issue in business to improve and maintain competitive advantages, this paper aims to investigate how knowledge management is useful to face challenges about the integration of environment, social and governance (ESG) factors, filling the gap in the literature regarding knowledge management and ESG in the banking world by considering a real case. Design/methodology/approach Starting from the analysis of the more relevant literature on the topic, this paper describes an illustrative real case through interviews with the credit department of an Italian bank that has adopted a specific sustainability approach. This paper discusses this case in the context of the outlined theoretical background to explore the trends and challenges of ESG integration. The case study allows us to evaluate and expand our theoretical framework, leading to a greater understanding of the complex phenomenon under investigation. Findings Based on the analysis of the literature combined with the insights that emerged from the experience of the real case, this study shows that there are three primary factors to consider: data issues, competencies and workflow. This study outlines an enhanced knowledge management framework displaying the complexity emerging from the integration of ESG into a bank’s credit department and identify the best practices to pursue. Practical implications Given the increasing pressure toward the incorporation of ESG factors into the banking sector, the practical implications of the study are relevant as they provide guidelines for action. Specifically, the practical problems highlighted by the real case, like the priority on themes such as questionnaires, the need for ad hoc commissions and workflow, drive the attention of decision-makers on key aspects to effectively adopt an advanced knowledge management approach aimed at improving the ESG integration. Considering the effect of the banking system on the economy, the best practices this study has identified can also have a positive impact on society as a whole. Originality/value The proposed enhanced knowledge management framework offers a guideline to orchestrate ESG integration into banks’ credit departments, considering the increasing need to frame a sustainability-oriented strategic approach that emerges from academic and practical enquiries. This research represents an initial attempt to investigate the integration of ESG factors in the banking system through the lens of knowledge management. The strategic nature of the ESG approach clearly appears in a dynamic environment where stakeholder pressures and regulatory evolutions are strong.

Organizational Knowledge and Knowledge Management - A New Framework

The transition of firms from the Resource-based view (RBV) to the Knowledge-based view (KBV) where knowledge is viewed as the principal resource for value creation and sustainable competitive advantage created a renewed interest among researchers to understand knowledge per se, and the concept of organizational knowledge. This interest has further been fueled by the advent of the concept of Knowledge Management (KM). With some discussions on knowledge, this paper presents a new framework for organizational knowledge and the knowledge flow within the firm. The author has pointed out that most of the research on KM has been with the firm as a business organization (where the focus is on short-term return on investment) and that is the reason many KM initiatives often stop at IT-based initiatives or fail, and fuel the fear that KM is simply just another fad. Many KM models and frameworks present KM best practices without addressing the contextual differences between organizations. In this paper, the author has presented a knowledge perspective of four different types of organizations based on their knowledge manipulation activities and suggests that KM programs need to be custom designed to cater to the different needs of the different types of organizations. The author has also suggested a new KM framework based on the dynamics of knowledge that organizations are facing today. The author developed the two frameworks during the implementation of KM initiatives at the Defence Research & Development Laboratory, Hyderabad, a premier research institution under the Ministry of Defence, Government of India, during the years 1999 to 2003.

Impact of the Use of Emerging Technologies on Organisational Knowledge-creation Capability by Task Complexity

In the context of knowledge-based economy, an organisation’s ability to create knowledge is the most important factor in maintaining its competitiveness. Collective intelligence is posited as a paramount methodology not only for the generation of knowledge pertaining to multifaceted issues but also as a fundamental pillar within the framework of organizational knowledge management. The use of emerging technologies is an important strategy for improving the organisation’s ability to create knowledge through collective intelligence by adding depth and breadth of knowledge. However, excessive use of technology often has a negative impact on organisational knowledge management. Therefore, this study aims to identify the two-sided effect of using emerging technologies (big data analytics (BDA) and online platforms) on organisational knowledge creation according to the complexity of the task. The results of our study suggest that the use of BDA technology for organisational knowledge creation should be maintained at an appropriate level in general, but it is recommended to increase the use of BDA technology for low-complexity tasks. In addition, using online platform technology is difficult to consider as a strategic way to solve high-complexity tasks, but increasing the use of BDA technology can contribute to improving the organisation’s ability to create knowledge.

Knowledge Management Practice and Organizational Performance in the Context of International Schools

This exploratory study delves into three private international schools' knowledge management (KM) practices amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Utilizing Gold et al.'s KM framework, the research examines the applicability of this model in the unique industrial context of international schools and explores the potential influence of KM on organizational performance within this context. The findings highlight that teachers proficient in articulating KM processes and infrastructure perceive their schools as more successful in the international education landscape. As schools transition back to in-person learning, leaders and stakeholders are urged to evaluate their KM practices and consider targeted initiatives to cultivate specific competencies, fostering a sustainable competitive advantage and enhancing both financial and non-financial firm performance. This study's originality lies in examining KM practices in international schools during the pandemic, stimulating conversations among school leaders and stakeholders to optimize knowledge management in the post-pandemic era.

Boring Language Is Constraining the Impact of Climate Science

Language, one of humanity’s major transformative innovations, is foundational for many cultural, artistic, scientific, and economic advancements, including the creation of artificial intelligence (AI). However, in the fight against climate change, the power of such innovation is constrained due to the boring language of climate science and science communication. In this essay, we encapsulated the situation and risks of boring language in communicating climate information to the public and countering climate denialism and disinformation. Based on the Serendipity-Mindsponge-3D knowledge management framework, we recommend several strategies for climate scientists and science communicators to be more creative and make their communication more interesting, including collaboration with other cultural sectors (e.g., stand-up comedians, climate fiction, etc.) and AI.

Designing an Exploratory Indigenous Knowledge Management Framework for Soil Conservation Mechanism in the Konso Community

Today, Indigenous knowledge (IK) has a lot of contribution all over the world which it is the traditional knowledge that didn’t codified and not supported by technology. Furthermore, in Ethiopia there are different Indigenous knowledge Management (IKM) in different regions and ethnicities. In addition, Konso people also have different indigenous knowledge that used for various purposes like for forecasting weather, traditional medicine, soil conservation for protecting their environment and productivity. The main goal of this research study is to explore and design the Indigenous knowledge management framework for soil conservation mechanism in Konso People. As far as the knowledge of the researchers, this very power full knowledge is not explored and also not supported by emerging technology for making easy knowledge management processes like sharing, transferring, utilization and preservation. Therefore, it is very import to explore and design the IKM framework and develop the prototype to make enabled knowledge management process easy. The exploratory research method and design science research design were used to explore the knowledge from sources. Hence, both qualitative and quantitative research approach used data were collected from the sources using data collection tool like interview (questions), survey (questionnaires), technical observation (check list) and existing documents analysis. From the collected data new knowledge was revealed and the newly proposed IKM framework for soil conservation were design and developed using SWI Prolog tool for implementation. In addition, the designed and developed IKM framework for soil conservation were evaluated and validated by using ISO-1826 I standards. As per this study revealed, this study is significantly very import for sharing, transferring utilization and preserving Knowledge and for police development that used to protect the soil erosion and land degradation in Ethiopia and in Konso people specifically. Accordingly, this research, user and expert evaluation was assessed and its result as 70% respondents were responded that knowledge deliverability, 87.5% respondents were assented with attractively, 75% of respondents were agreed with accessibility and 62.5% of respondents were responded with suitability of proposed IKM framework and prototype. Furthermore, the obtained result significantly shows that, the proposed IKM framework for Soil conservation in Konso People have the ability to share, transfer and preserve Indigenous knowledge for the next generation.
 Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge, Soil conservation, Knowledge Management, Knowledge Preservation.

The development of knowledge management implementation at the Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP)

The Financial and Development Supervisory Agency (BPKP), a pivotal public sector entity tasked with internal audit functions, recognizes the paramount importance of effectively managing auditors' experience and expertise. This study aims to delineate the Knowledge Management (KM) implementation stages within BPKP, a topic scarcely explored in Indonesian public-sector research. This study uses an abductive approach with a case study method by explaining a series of events over time with theory-based analysis. The results showed that the KM implementation in BPKP was carried out in four stages: preparation at the local level by conducting change management, work culture development, and initial research; implementation at the local level; implementation at the national level with a focus on the development of process, human, and technology aspects; and national development focuses on laying the groundwork for KM culture. There are KM implementation steps carried out by BPKP but not explained in the theory proposition: change management and developing a work culture that supports KM processes, initial research, benchmarking, and KM implementation regulations. BPKP needs to assess the maturity level of KM to determine the focus areas that need to be improved. This study contributes conceptually to KM frameworks tailored for public sector entities.

Knowledge management in banking: A bibliometric literature review

This bibliometric study examines publication trends, influential works, authorship networks, conceptual themes, and future directions in knowledge management research within the banking sector over the past three decades. Data were collected from a total of 443 scholarly publications written in English and indexed in Scopus. The data collection period spanned from 1994 to 2023. Quantitative bibliometric analysis techniques were employed, which involved the use of temporal visualization to examine publication and citation patterns, mapping co-authorship networks, and clustering high-frequency keywords. The results suggest a consistent rise in research interest and output as time progresses. Influential publications have proposed various models and frameworks for knowledge management, risk analysis, and organizational change. The majority of prolific authors were primarily of European descent, and it is worth noting that the Journal of Knowledge Management held the position as the most influential publication venue. The core research focus encompassed various areas such as knowledge for competitive advantage, intellectual capital measurement, knowledge-performance links, customer relationship management, and knowledge management technologies. The research has evolved to encompass digital transformation, sustainability, automation, and analytics. Proposed future directions include an examination of the role of knowledge management in ensuring continuity during crises, the facilitation of risk management through knowledge systems, and the development of decision support based on knowledge. This study offers valuable insights into the development of knowledge management research in the banking sector, although it is limited to English sources in Scopus. Acknowledgment Expressing gratitude towards those who have contributed to the successful completion of a study has significant importance. In particular, it is crucial to extend appreciation to the individuals affiliated with the Ho Chi Minh University of Banking for their valuable support and assistance during the research endeavor.

Floor plan graph learning for generative design of residential buildings: a discrete denoising diffusion model

ABSTRACTFloor planning, as one of the most important considerations in building design, often involves intensive trial-and-error processes with many constraints considered simultaneously. Artificial intelligence (AI) generative design solutions being developed are hampered by two shortcomings. Firstly, the vast topological knowledge embedded in existing floor plans has been largely unexplored and is thus wasted. Secondly, an efficient methodological instrument to learn the topological knowledge for generative design is lacking. This paper aims to develop a graph learning methodology to learn graph knowledge from floor plans and generate knowledge ready for building generative design. A discrete denoising diffusion model (D3M) that can learn topology graphs via its bi-directional structure of ‘corruption and denoise’ is developed and trained using more than 80,000 floor plans from a large-scale dataset. It is found that the D3M can learn the knowledge from floor plans and present it as various building floor topologies, which are evaluated in a preliminary case study as reliable and useful for generating real-life building floor plans. The research provides a design knowledge management framework that can be further implemented in academic works and design practices through some mainstreaming or commercializing efforts.

Proposed Knowledge Management Strategy by Leveraging Current Technology to Increase Productivity Operation in PT. Trimata Benua

As coal industries is still attractive in the world, and a significant contributor for energy production which account approximately 37% for electricity generation. This type of fossil fuel is still being used by many countries despite it negative side effect to environment for example a greenhouse gas emission. Coal attractiveness is due to the fact that it is cheaper compared to other fossil fuel, resulting coal industries is still growing and predicted for many years to come. In Asia Pacific there are many countries dubbed as largest producers of coal, with China, India, and Indonesia being on the top three countries in Asia Pacific. With expected growth of 3.5% on yearly basis this makes Asia Pacific a significant contributor of the worlds coal industry. With that as well Asia Pacific contributes around 52% of the worlds carbon emissions in year 2020. Indonesia as the third largest coal producers, have approximately 8.9% growth in 2021. With projected coal production of 2.6% Year on Year. PT. Trimata Benua is one of the key players in Indonesia’s coal production. However, the company experience lack of productivity in operations, causing their production target missed. Is the absence of knowledge management system in the company causing that issue to arise. With that the company need to roll out and plan effective and structured knowledge management system to address their business issue. This research is based on three research questions. First one what is the best fit knowledge management strategy, second is to identify issues in operations, and the last one is to have suggestion for the company on the implementation plan based on their needs. This research will answer those research questions by referencing to the knowledge management theories on the People, Process, and Technology (PPT) as well as adopting Nonaka’s SECI model in knowledge transformation cycle and Jann model knowledge management framework (Jann). Since this research is the first stage of implementing knowledge management system, it will be a qualitative method used with data collection gathered through interviews. Data will be analyse using thematic analysis. There are several issues identified in relation of People, Process, and Technology. Ranging of the lack of professionalism, incomplete SOP, awareness and training program, and the minimum technology that is supporting operation team causing the inability of easy access to knowledge. By applying and utilize PPT, SECI, and as well as Jann framework, author manage to compile and design knowledge management system that is best fit for the company. Identifying the challenges, addressing capability gaps on the organization as well as identification of organization critical knowledge to achieve the objectives of implementation. This will be compiled into a plan in designing knowledge management system. With the implementation of the system, it will result enhancement for operation team to increase their productivity, enhance decision-making process that will benefit the company in the future and raised their competitiveness with their competitors. The implementation plan will begin in February 2024, and it will cover three enablers of KM people, process, and technology. Strengthen the implementation the organization will also create KM steering committee that will oversee, review, and manages the initiatives. The committee will also do the evaluation on the system in making sure that it is stay updated, measuring the impact, and identify necessary changes.

Acommunity‐drivensocial knowledge management framework for bridgingrural–urbanknowledge divide using social technology

AbstractThis article illustrates how a social knowledge management (SKM) platform can be conceptualized, developed and implemented that can provide users with multi‐community connectivity, making it quicker and easier for members to connect, communicate, collaborate, and learn. By conducting case studies on rural craft producers in West Bengal, India, we have demonstrated how this platform fosters meaningful collaboration among rural artisans and various stakeholders within the craft production system, ultimately resulting in the formation of vibrant virtual communities. The platform promotes purposeful knowledge exchanges among variety of agents, which helps to reduce the knowledge divide and the market isolation that rural artisans experience. The platform enhances inter and intra‐group communication that supports rural artisans to establish their independent credibility in their trade without the assistance of intermediaries or middlemen.

Methodology of Digital Transformation Practices of Accounting Firm

For accounting firms, digital auditing is an important task which helps them to examine financial data and ensure the accuracy of the data on the reports. However, which data analysis techniques should be adopted to improve the efficiency and accuracy of digital audit is an important issue. This study aims to explore the feasibility and practical applications of using data analytics techniques in digital auditing; These techniques can help auditors to systematically check, test and evaluate the accuracy, completeness, reliability and effectiveness of corporate information systems and data according to the systematic procedure. The DIKW model is a model that establishes a connection between knowledge and wisdom based on the framework of knowledge management, using the traditional concept of "data-information-knowledge-wisdom". This study will start from the theoretical level to explore the practical research of digital auditing combined with the DIKW model using data models, visualization analysis, machine learning, and related technical and practical problems. Effective solutions are proposed for each situation for future development. The implementation of this research is expected to help auditors choose appropriate data analysis techniques for digital auditing to ensure data accuracy and reliability.

The Policy Cycle: a framework for knowledge management of practitioners' expertise and role in participatory processes

There is extensive literature on stakeholder theory and knowledge management in the private sector, but less on the public sector, particularly in the context of public participation projects. Public participation initiatives are often designed using a case-by-case approach to identify relevant stakeholder groups, the engagement methods, and the tools to be used. In addition, public sector organizations (PSOs) often rely on participation experts and practitioners' professional knowledge to design successful participation projects. Given that public participation is to enable PSOs access to participants' knowledge, knowledge management is a central issue in public participation projects. In this multi-method, qualitative study we focus on the management of experts' and practitioners' knowledge, and we aim to show how their knowledge contributes to participatory processes and projects, and how the policy cycle can be used as a knowledge management framework to collect and structure their knowledge. We used sequential analysis to study the experiences of 84 practitioners from the public sector collected during a series of workshops. Our findings show the need to locate participation initiatives in the context of the government policy cycle, that the policy cycle can be used for knowledge management in public participation projects and to recognize that practitioners represent a key stakeholder group in public participation.

Enhancing learning and exploratory search with concept semantics in online healthcare knowledge management systems: An interactive knowledge visualization approach

Healthcare is a knowledge intensive process, which requires large amount of information from various healthcare knowledge providers. However, this growing information makes challengeable for users in finding useful healthcare information to support their healthcare decision making. Knowledge management and knowledge management systems are drawing increasing attention in healthcare community. This paper proposes an online healthcare knowledge management framework and system prototype, featured with integrating knowledge learning and exploratory search for solving problems efficiently. Inspired by the knowledge to action framework in healthcare and the iterative process in software engineering, an iterative and incremental knowledge management model is designed to organize the activities during the knowledge learning and searching procedure. Supported by the knowledge-enhanced infrastructure of online healthcare information designed, domain knowledge learning and task knowledge learning environment can work collaboratively and interactively to improve the result of learning and exploratory search. Knowledge base also provides helpful information in an interactive way for solving problems. Given exploiting probabilistic information retrieval model and concept semantics described in Description Logics, a search intent discovery method and search intent guided learning and searching mechanism are designed within this environment for achieving the learning and search goal. The results of the experiments have proved the efficacy of the methods and process model used in the leaning-focused healthcare knowledge management system.

Cross-Disciplinary Knowledge Management Framework for Artificial Intelligence in Business Projects

This paper presents a knowledge management framework for designing, monitoring, and optimizing the business value of intelligent services using best practices from both management and machine learning engineering areas. The increasing interest in artificial intelligence has highlighted the difficulty of designing an appropriate business case and monitoring the real business value generated by such services due to the complexity of machine learning methods and techniques. Managers have proven frameworks for constructing key performance indicators, machine learning engineers have developed advanced methods and techniques for evaluating and monitoring Machine Learning (ML) models, and scientists have tested methods for empirically evaluating the added value of innovations. By leveraging the strengths of each discipline, the proposed framework enables managers, machine learning engineers, and scientists to efficiently work together and optimize the value of intelligent services during their lifecycle. We propose processes and procedures for creating, capturing, organizing, storing, sharing, and using knowledge in advanced machine learning projects. He also presents key machine learning methods and techniques for monitoring and optimizing the value of intelligent services over their lifecycle, including the adaptation of MLOps methodology for continuous monitoring, reinforcement learning for continuous improvement, and CausalML methods for identifying the root causes of changes in the business value. These methods and techniques support knowledge management activities and help formulate a competency framework for team members and project stakeholders. We point out the potential of academic researchers and external advisors as catalyzers in such projects based on real-life implementation. He also proposes a method for designing the ML knowledge flywheel to ensure continuous knowledge transfer and improvement in the business-engineer-academy triangle. The approach is illustrated by a case study of the implementation of a marketing communication optimization system in a large, multinational financial company for more than 20 thousand customers in two European countries. Managers and machine learning engineers can implement the proposed knowledge management framework in various organizations for the efficient design, monitoring, and optimization of the business value of intelligent services.

Knowledge Management in Public Transport: a Portuguese Empirical Study

This paper aims to investigate knowledge management processes in a metro company. We focused on core knowledge and its impact on the overall performance of a public transport operator. It presents a case study from the Lisbon-based public transport operator Metropolitano de Lisboa, E.P.E. The challenges of knowledge management in a metro company, such as time savings and efficiency, can be mitigated by the creation of a structured and target-oriented knowledge framework and information architecture that enables knowledge reuse throughout KM aims the company or/and in specific communities of practices. The current study seeks to investigate the role of signalling experts in knowledge management in a metro company through the use of a case study based on accessing the documentation required to deliver their technical outputs. Qualitative methods were used to conceive, design, and implement the specific experience under analysis. The approach involved semi-structured interviews with a sample of five core operational managers and an online questionnaire directed at the study’s core knowledge actors (90 experts) and a Delphi Study applied to the five signalling experts. The results showed that optimizing knowledge management leads to increased operator efficiency and decision-making. The findings of the empirical case analysis combined with the literature review provide useful insights to construct a target-oriented knowledge management methodology in a metro company. One of the study’s key findings is the relationship between decision-making and knowledge management tools. The findings of the empirical case analysis, combined with the literature review, provide useful insights into the awareness of an urgent target-oriented knowledge management framework in a metro company. This study was built on the available data from Railway signalling metro experts, which may be perceived as limited in the overall context. We consider that there is no special bias associated with this area of expertise and that the overall approach could be adopted and further tested in any other metro company, regardless of size. This essay added novel information to the available body of knowledge by providing an in-depth analysis of a core discipline of metro mode by addressing the accessibility to information by Railway signalling professionals.

Initial Standardized Knowledge Management Framework, Formed from Learning During a Humanitarian Crisis

The paper presents some aspects of knowledge management theory. This underpins a research methodology designed to expose knowledge transfer in voluntary not-for-profit groups. The paper aims are to make recommendations which, supported by a knowledge management strategy and good practices, provide the basis for the development of a future model of knowledge management in crisis situations. A hypothesis has been established: During emergencies that arise suddenly, a variety of information and knowledge is dispersed, widely disseminated, and belongs to many different organizations. A coherent information system is needed for the dissemination and sharing of knowledge for effective assistance to people affected by the crisis. The main challenge in managing knowledge in such humanitarian emergencies, is the fact that a wide variety of information and knowledge is dispersed, disseminated, and originally belongs to many different organizations. These information resources may not be organized and used effectively during a crisis situation. Over time, preliminary and non-standardized rules are developed. The authors of this paper took part in a humanitarian action - both independently and in cooperation with non-governmental organizations. This allowed for the collection of extensive research material. During the research, the methodology of participatory observation and surveys was used. The aim of the study was to develop knowledge management standards, for use in the event of other humanitarian crises. The final research technique used is given, from participant selection to outcome analysis. It was found that processes of organizational learning and active knowledge management occurred in many forms. Knowledge was transferred in and out of the organizations. Expertise from earlier experiences was applied, and transferred, becoming explicit. Managerial skills and methods were applied in new organizational contexts. Many similarities and some differences were found, despite clear differences in the type of organisations and country of origin. The research allowed the authors to research extensively into people’s motivations, priorities, and forms of information transfer. Knowledge acquisition, transfer and sharing were clearly identifiable, as was organizational learning and subsequent usage of it. Future implementation of standardized, coherent knowledge management rules, used in crisis situations will facilitate the sharing of knowledge and its reuse. The framework can also be applied to other situations of emergency decision making, such as crisis management and emergency medical assistance.

Theoretical Review on Strengthening Tourism Supply Chain Infrastructure using Knowledge Management’s and SECI Model with reference to Jammu based Tourism

The tourism industry is a knowledge-intensive industry, and the knowledge management (KM) practices can be effectively adapted to facilitate knowledge sharing, creation, and utilization within the tourism supply chain in Jammu and Kashmir. This can lead to strengthened infrastructure and improved supply chain outcomes. The SECI model is a knowledge management framework that can be effectively adapted to the tourism supply chain in Jammu and Kashmir. The model has four stages: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. By adapting the SECI model to the tourism supply chain in Jammu and Kashmir, tourism professionals can share knowledge, create new knowledge, and improve the overall performance of the supply chain. This paper proposes a framework for strengthening tourism supply chain infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir using knowledge management and the SECI model. The framework is based on the following four pillars: Creating a knowledge-sharing culture; Developing knowledge-sharing platforms; Providing training on knowledge management; and Measuring the impact of knowledge sharing. The proposed framework is a valuable tool for strengthening tourism supply chain infrastructure in Jammu and Kashmir. By implementing the framework, tourism professionals can share knowledge, create new knowledge, and improve the overall performance of the supply chain. This can lead to strengthened infrastructure and improved supply chain outcomes.

CIAO: a living experiment in interdisciplinary large-scale collaboration facilitated by the Adverse Outcome Pathway framework.

The CIAO project was launched in Spring 2020 to address the need to make sense of the numerous and disparate data available on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Based on a crowdsourcing model of large-scale collaboration, the project has exploited the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) knowledge management framework built to support chemical risk assessment driven by mechanistic understanding of the biological perturbations at the different organizational levels. Hence the AOPs might have real potential to integrate data produced through different approaches and from different disciplines as experienced in the context of COVID-19. In this study, we aim to address the effectiveness of the AOP framework (i) in supporting an interdisciplinary collaboration for a viral disease and (ii) in working as the conceptual mediator of a crowdsourcing model of collaboration. We used a survey disseminated among the CIAO participants, a workshop open to all interested CIAO contributors, a series of interviews with some participants and a self-reflection on the processes. The project has supported genuine interdisciplinarity with exchange of knowledge. The framework provided a common reference point for discussion and collaboration. The diagram used in the AOPs assisted with making explicit what are the different perspectives brought to the knowledge about the pathways. The AOP-Wiki showed up many aspects about its usability for those not already in the world of AOPs. Meanwhile their use in CIAO highlighted needed adaptations. Introduction of new Wiki elements for modulating factors was potentially the most disruptive one. Regarding how well AOPs support a crowdsourcing model of large-scale collaboration, the CIAO project showed that this is successful when there is a strong central organizational impetus and when clarity about the terms of the collaboration is brought as early as possible. Extrapolate the successful CIAO approach and related processes to other areas of science where the AOP could foster interdisciplinary and systematic organization of the knowledge is an exciting perspective.

Financial Literacy Education for Women: A Novel Approach based on Social Media Platform

According to the latest data, the financial literacy index in Indonesia stood at 38%. This figure was definitely an improvement compared to previous years, but was still considerably behind compared to the global standard. Taking into account gender disparity in Indonesia, this figure becomes even more abysmal as the financial literacy index for women is substantially lower than men. To solve this problem, a social media knowledge management framework is proposed to structure and disseminate financial knowledge with the purpose of improving the financial literacy index, especially for women, in Indonesia. This knowledge management platform is supported by a financial education program that has been developed based on the characteristics and needs of typical women in Indonesia. To further substantiate the findings of this study, a series of in-depth interviews were conducted with the aim to acquire a better understanding of various aspects of financial literacy from the perspective of women. In total, 13 women who lived in Bandung were chosen as the main subject of this study based on a judgment sampling technique. Encouragingly, more than three-quarter of the respondents were considered to be well-literate. Digging deeper into the data, however, presents a much more nuanced and complicated insight regarding the behavior of the respondents as most of the respondents simultaneously exhibit a very wide range behavior ranging from discipline to carelessness when managing their money.