Level Of Knowledge Research Articles

Information and Safety Precautions on Air Pollution for Adult Respiratory Patients in Tertiary Hospital

Background: Bangladesh faces escalating air pollution due to urbanization, industrialization, deforestation, and rising energy consumption. This jeopardizes public health, leading to respiratory problems and heightened risks of infections, causing a surge in hospital admissions, deaths, and associated economic burdens. Method: This was a cross-sectional study to assess the level of knowledge and protective practices regarding air pollution among adult respiratory disease patients who attended the medicine OPD of the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest & Hospital (NIDCH) from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023. Result: The mean age of the 361 respondents was 37.90±13.77 years and more than half (53.5%) of them were in the age group 21-40 years. About one-third (32.1%) received higher secondary and above education. Almost one-fourth (23.5%) of respondents’ income was between 15000, and personal monthly income was not applicable for more than (56.5%) of respondents. About three-fourths (73.7%) of patients were married, two-thirds (67.3%) belonged to a nuclear family and about half (54.6%) of participants belonged to a member of 1-4 persons. The majority (95.3%) of respondents were Muslim and about two-thirds (67.3%) belonged to the nuclear family. About two-thirds (67%) of patients had poor knowledge and one-third (33%) had average knowledge regarding air pollution. All the respondents had poor protective practices against air pollution. Conclusion: The study's insights will guide future efforts to raise awareness among adult respiratory patients about air pollution risks, respiratory health effects, and protective measures. Empowering these patients not only safeguards their health but also promotes environmental responsibility for cleaner air in the community.

An examination of nursing students’ performance in and Satisfaction with a Patient Safety E-Learning Module

BackgroundThe knowledge nursing students acquire during their undergraduate degree influences the quality of patient care they provide for many years to come. However, previous studies indicate that students may have a limited understanding of core patient safety concepts. ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to (i) examine nursing students’ performance in an interactive patient safety e-learning module titled ‘One shift, four patients … a day in the life of a new graduate nurse’; and (ii) explore students’ level of satisfaction with the module using the Satisfaction with the Patient Safety E-Learning Module scale. DesignA cross-sectional design was used with students’ knowledge and levels of satisfaction examined using descriptive statistics. Setting and participantsIn total, 1038 third-year undergraduate nursing students from 22 Australian universities attempted the module. ResultsThe mean correct score was 74%, but there were significant differences in knowledge levels evident across the four activities that comprised the module. Participants achieved the highest mean score in Activity 2 (Predicting, monitoring, and responding to adverse events [79%]) and the lowest in Activity 3 (Clinical reasoning [66%]). The mean score for Activity 1 (Infection control and medication safety) was 74%, and for Activity 4 (Cultural competence), the score was 77%.The level of student satisfaction with the module was high with responses to each survey item exceeding 4.0 out of 5.0. The Cronbach’s alpha for the satisfaction scale was 0.99, and the Content Validity Index was >0.9. ConclusionsUniversities are responsible for preparing nursing students to become safe clinicians. The results from this study indicate that participants’ overall level of knowledge of key patient safety concepts was adequate. However, as knowledge is the foundation for safe practice, these results suggest that further attention to imbedding patient safety in nursing curricula is required.

Analysis of the structure of the information field of perception of risk factors for non-communicable diseases

When studying the attitude of the population to saving their own health, the question of the connection between abstract knowledge about the harm caused to health by risk factors and a real understanding of the harm caused by these factors to their own health remains poorly understood.The purpose of this work is to analyze the structure of the information field of the population’s attitude to the impact of FR on health.Materials and methods. The material for the analysis was the results of a sociological survey in three pilot regions of the Russian Federation – Tula Region, Stavropol Territory and the Republic of Crimea. The questionnaire consisted of 33 questions concerning risk factors and their impact on the human body and a block of questions concerning sources of medical information and trust in them. The sample size was 1,718 respondents. The following methods were used: descriptive statistics and the sociological method of questioning. Statistical data processing and reweighing were carried out in the statistical data processing package SPSS22.0. In general, the sampling error in the study does not exceed 1.99% for a confidence level of p<0.1.Results. The study showed that abstract knowledge about the harm of a particular FR in almost all FR is quite high, since it is precisely on them that the efforts of the medical community have been directed in recent decades. Moreover, the highest values are expected to have such factors as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, elevated blood sugar (glucose) and high blood pressure. The level of knowledge of the harm of FR, to which the medical community paid less attention, was expected to be lower. The lowest value is such a FR as a low iodine content in salt, which is consumed in food. An assessment of the relationship of variables such as abstract knowledge of harm about FR and understanding of their harm to one’s body using a two-way T-criterion showed that these variables are completely independent of each other at the significance level p<0.001. This result made us look more closely at the factor structure of the studied field of reality and put forward the assumption of independence of knowledge about the harm caused to the human body by FR and behavioral patterns in relation to FR. As a result of factor analysis of 73 variables, 9 factors were identified: the first and most powerful factor (10.33%) – knowledge of the effect of FR on one’s own health; the second most powerful factor (8.71%) – knowledge of the harm of FR; the third highlighted factor (5.46%) – trust in information sources, which included both trust in the media and trust in TV presenters, popular personalities and trust in the leaders of the region and the city; the fourth highlighted factor (4.67%) is the gender characteristics of the control of the FR by the population; the fifth highlighted factor (4.59%) is the sources of information about the FR; the sixth highlighted factor (4.30%) – age–related features of FR control; the seventh highlighted factor (3.32%) – the use of gadgets to control FR and exercise; the eighth highlighted factor (3.00%) – trust in health workers as a source of information; the ninth highlighted factor (2.59%) – smoking and alcohol consumption.Conclusion. The assessment of the effect of FR on the respondents’ own health in the framework of the conducted study turned out to be significantly lower than abstract knowledge about the harmful effects of these FR. The analysis of the factor structure of the studied field confirmed the validity of such a division of knowledge based on ideas about its various forms – «knowledge in itself» and «knowledge for oneself». The analysis made it possible to formulate a number of conditions for improving the effectiveness of preventive work with the population, including to increase the impact of population prevention: it is necessary to more actively involve the most important sources for the population – medical workers, scientific medical workers and health managers; more fully take into account the gender and age characteristics of audiences in preventive measures; the use of mass media should be preceded by an analysis of the level of trust in them from the target audience; the information messages themselves must first be checked for memorability. Preventive measures should change the personal meanings of specific people in relation to FR and HLS, and not be limited to stating general knowledge about them. The study also allows us to determine the directions for further research of the population’s attitude to the FR and their own health as an interdisciplinary task with the necessary involvement of specialists in medical and general psychology, personality psychology and motivation psychology, as well as sociologists.

Development of an Instrument to Assess Health and Social Care Professionals' Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Later-Life Intimacy and Sexuality (HSCP-KALLIS): A Delphi Study.

We aimed to ascertain the content validity of an instrument to assess health and social care professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards later-life intimacy and sexuality (HSCP-KALLIS). For older adults, intimacy and sexuality are important in maintaining their quality of life and well-being. However, addressing these needs remains challenging for health and social care professionals, particularly for nursing staff providing 24-h direct care to older people with dementia or those identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex or queer/questioning individuals. Existing instruments assessing knowledge and attitudes towards later-life intimacy and sexuality are dated and fail to adequately address dementia and sexual diversity. A two-round modified Delphi study was conducted. Initially, 79 knowledge and attitude items were generated through an integrative review. Panellists rated each item's clarity and importance using online questionnaires. The content validity index for the individual and overall items was calculated. The panellists' written feedback-along with their knowledge level of later-life intimacy and sexuality-was obtained. Panellists included health and social care professionals (n = 9); healthcare-related educators (n = 2); researchers specialising in later-life intimacy, sexuality, dementia care and sexual diversity support (n = 7); and family carers of older people with dementia (n = 2). The instrument was revised based on the feedback received. The components of dementia, LGBTIQ+ and the provision of sex worker services in healthcare settings were highlighted by the panellists. Notably, 46 knowledge and 40 attitude items fulfilled the consensus criteria for clarity and importance. Acceptable content validity was established for the knowledge and attitude items. Further research is required to establish the psychometric properties of the HSCP-KALLIS. This instrument has implications for clinical practice-specifically, in nursing care-by addressing issues to improve awareness regarding later-life intimacy and sexuality in healthcare settings. The HSCP-KALLIS has the potential to inform the educational needs regarding knowledge and attitudes towards later-life intimacy and sexuality for health and social care professionals, specifically nursing staff. The findings of the HSCP-KALLIS can be used for the development of competencies for later-life intimacy and sexuality, establishing policies and guidelines to support older adults' intimacy and sexuality needs in health care settings.

Digital media intervention for breast cancer awareness among rural women: A quasi-experimental study from Bihar, India

ObjectivesSocial media-based interventions have the potential to endure improvements in the health-seeking behaviors of the users. The upswing rate of social media usage among rural women of Bihar (India) allows for improving their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward breast cancer which is a big concern in resource-limited countries. This study attempted to evaluate the impact of video-based intervention in advancing knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and attitude, and and practice to conduct breast cancer screening. MethodsA quasi-experimental design study was conducted among rural women in Bihar, India using pretest-posttest method. Validated YouTube Hindi videos were shared in a series as an intervention for the participants. The impact of the intervention videos was assessed by analyzing the 267 fully filled up questionnaires. Additionally, demographic characteristics were calculated and their relationship with knowledge, attitude, and practices was evaluated. ResultsAfter three months of the intervention there was a statistically significant (<0.0001) improvement (100 %) in the knowledge level of risk factors, symptoms, and screening of breast cancer. Their attitude towards breast self-examination significantly improved in 58 % of women whereas 16.5 % for clinical breast examination and 9.7 % for mammogram (<0.0001). The practice of breast self-examination significantly improved in 60 % (<0.0001) of women. Some demographic variables like education, age, and occupation were found significant predictors of breast cancer awareness. ConclusionsThis study's findings highlight that beyond all resource limitations for health awareness, a video intervention model through social media could offer a viable solution from the rural India experience to a possible shared discussion. Further study may be conducted using customized cancer awareness video interventions considering vernacular needs to make interventions more impactful.

Awareness of consanguineous marriage burden and willingness towards premarital genetic testing in Sudan: a national cross-sectional study.

Despite the widespread practice of consanguinity in Sudan, there is a lack of exploration into the community's awareness of its health implications on offspring and their overall attitude towards consanguineous unions. This study aimed to evaluate the community's awareness of the possible health adversities of consanguinity on children and assess the effect of knowledge level on the prevailing attitude towards this practice in Sudan. From August to December 2018, data were collected from adults aged 18 years and above in five provinces of Sudan regardless of their marital status. The analysis involved both descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques. This study revealed a consanguinity rate of 30.2%. Despite a high awareness level (73.7%) regarding the effects of consanguineous marriage on the health of the offspring, a moderately negative attitude towards this practice (63.9%) was observed. The discordance between the high consanguinity rate in the Sudanese population and the moderately negative attitude suggests a potential persistence of this practice in the future. Without the implementation of educational programs and the provision of genetic counselling services to consanguineous couples, the prevalence of consanguinity is likely to endure.

Electric Vehicle Adoption: The Nexus of Knowledge, Perceived Usefulness, and Ease of Use

The current study explores the relationships between individuals’ level of knowledge about EVs, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and intention to buy EVs. The study utilized data collected from 277 participants selected using a purposive sampling technique. Results of the study show that knowledge about EVs positively impacts perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. This can positively affect people’s intention to adopt EVs as an eco-friendly means of transportation. The study also suggests the need to design awareness programs to improve the opinion and experience of users with EVs. The study suggests the use of experimental designs and longitudinal research to further explore the causality across different cultures using a more diverse data set. In this way, the study provides insights into the consumer’s decision-making process regarding EVs and thus helps contribute to the establishment of an eco-friendly transportation system.

Tingkat Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu dengan Praktek Pemberian Makanan dalam Pencegahan dan Penatalaksanaan Anak Stunting

Stunting or stunted growth in children is still a global problem. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia in children under 5 years of age is 22.3%. Meanwhile, in West Sumatra, the prevalence of stunting is higher than the national prevalence, namely 25.6% in 2022. Solok Regency with the highest incidence of 40.1% in 2021. This research aims to look at the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and feeding practices in the management of stunted children. This research uses a quantitative approach with a Case-Control design. The research was conducted in Solok Regency, specifically the working area of the Sungai Lasi Community Health Center. The population of this study was mothers who had stunted children under 5 years of age (168 people), while the sample included mothers who had stunted children under 2 years of age (17 people). The sample ratio was 1:2 (stunting (17 people) and not stunting (34 people) with a total of 51 people. Sampling was done using purposive sampling. Data analysis used univariate analysis, and bivariate analysis using the Chi-square test. The results of the bivariate analysis obtained the mother's level of knowledge (p= 0.013) and the mother's attitude (p=0.035). In conclusion, there is a relationship between a mother's level of knowledge and attitude and feeding practices in managing stunting. Efforts are needed to increase mothers' knowledge and attitudes in preventing and managing stunting.

Conocimiento de las madres de niños menores de 5 años acerca del esquema de vacunación

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge of mothers of children under 5 years of age about vaccination schedule. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and analytical study, carried out in the Family Medicine Unit 1 of Orizaba, Veracruz, in which two questionnaires were applied to mothers of children under 5 years of age, one prepared by PAHO that qualifies attitudes. of parents about vaccines, and another that evaluates knowledge of immunizations. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated; and the association with Pearson's c2 was determined. Results: A total of 138 women were registered, with age limits of 18 to 48 years. The level of knowledge was high (70.3%) and was related to the age, education (p = 0.00) and occupation (p = 0.03) of the mothers. The highest frequencies were for housewives (47.1%), professionals (3.5%), married (60.2%) and of the Catholic religion (81.2%). Conclusion: This study confirms the null hypothesis, which indicates that 70.3% have high knowledge about vaccination, and it is associated with the age, education, and occupation of the mothers. Keyword: Level of knowledge; Vaccination schedule; OPS.

Conocimiento de las madres de niños menores de 5 años acerca del esquema de vacunación

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge of mothers of children under 5 years of age about vaccination schedule. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive, and analytical study, carried out in the Family Medicine Unit 1 of Orizaba, Veracruz, in which two questionnaires were applied to mothers of children under 5 years of age, one prepared by PAHO that qualifies attitudes. of parents about vaccines, and another that evaluates knowledge of immunizations. Absolute frequencies and percentages were estimated; and the association with Pearson's c2 was determined. Results: A total of 138 women were registered, with age limits of 18 to 48 years. The level of knowledge was high (70.3%) and was related to the age, education (p = 0.00) and occupation (p = 0.03) of the mothers. The highest frequencies were for housewives (47.1%), professionals (3.5%), married (60.2%) and of the Catholic religion (81.2%). Conclusion: This study confirms the null hypothesis, which indicates that 70.3% have high knowledge about vaccination, and it is associated with the age, education, and occupation of the mothers. Keyword: Level of knowledge; Vaccination schedule; OPS.

Monitoring compliance with the rules of antiseptics and decontamination by dental students at work

Introduction: Dental personnel are potentially exposed to pathogenic microorganisms, as well as to possible sources of infection. The same is true for dental students, for whom it is crucial to acquire knowledge on infection control and appropriate dental techniques during their training. Aim: The aim of the survey was to evaluate anti-epidemic regimens in dental practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Plovdiv Medical University Faculty of Dental Medicine from December 2021 to July 2022. The sample included 158 students who were monitored for their use of anti-epidemic measures. To check compliance with the rules for prevention and control of infections, a checklist was developed. Results: Most of the observed students were in their fourth year of study (62.7%). Disinfection of hands was not performed by slightly more than half of those observed (51.3%) but 84.8% wore medical gloves during dental treatment of patients. When inviting and seating patients, approximately half of the students (46.8%) put on first their personal protective equipment (PPE) and this inevitably contaminated their gloves. The proportion of students who worked according to the requirements for complete wetting with disinfectant by spraying the work field with the optimal action time of 2 minutes, or until the disinfectant dries on the surface, was statistically significantly low (11.4%, z=13.72, p=0.000). Conclusion: In terms of infection prevention, the behavior of dental students is inadequate. Both dental students and dental practitioners need to increase their level of knowledge and adherence to infection control protocols. Pre- and post-graduation refresher courses should be included in the future infection control curriculum.

제품디자인에서 생성형 인공지능 활용을 통한 협업프로세스 활용 가능성 탐색

With the rapid advancement of generative AI, most industries are entering a new phase. Generative AI is being utilized across a wide range of fields, including design. Consequently, this study explored the application of AI in the product design field and integrated it into the design process. The goal was to identify the differences between traditional product design processes and those enhanced by AI. Through this research, the potential of AI in product design was confirmed, and future methods of its application were investigated. First, the study considered the domains of human and AI design separately. AI's role was seen as generating and displaying various images, while humans decided on keywords and concrete designs. Next, experimental results indicated that at crucial moments in the design process, the designer’s ability and judgment in selecting designs remained important. Additionally, the effective use of prompts through questions became crucial in applying generative AI. Language, as the culmination of human knowledge and the most fundamental means of expression, plays a critical role. Ultimately, the effectiveness and efficiency of AI usage will depend on the user's level of knowledge in the respective field or their ability to extract knowledge from AI learning. As AI technology advances, paradigms across all industries are shifting. This phenomenon will merge with traditional design methods, resulting in an evolved form of design approach.

Perilaku Hand Hygiene dalam Pencegahan Covid-19 pada Perawat

Health workers are on the front line, especially as nurses who are always next to patients 1 x 24 hours. We must take precautions by means of hand hygiene before and after carrying out nursing care, where the COVID-19 outbreak is spreading very quickly resulting in an increase in the number of patients in the whole world. To reduce and prevent the transmission of this virus, we as nurses in providing nursing care must carry out hand hygiene and comply with WHO's 5 moments of hand hygiene, namely before touching a patient, before a clean or aseptic procedure, after exposure to or risk of body fluids. This study aims to determine the analysis of hand hygiene behavior in preventing COVID-19 among nurses at the Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, Makassar City. The research design used is a quantitative research design with a crosssectional approach. The sample determination was carried out using a random sampling research method with a sample size of 83 respondents. The relationship test was carried out using the chi-square statistical test with a significance level (ρ) ≤ 0.05. The research results showed that the level of knowledge of nurses in the good category was 27 people (32.5%); the attitude of nurses in the positive category was 59 people (71.1%); there is no relationship between knowledge and hand hygiene behavior (p=0.786); and there is no relationship between attitude and hand hygiene behavior (p=0.372). The conclusion of this research is that there is no influence of nurses' knowledge and attitudes about hand hygiene on COVID-19 prevention measures at the Labuang Baji Regional General Hospital, Makassar City. It is recommended for future researchers to improve the implementation of hand hygiene among nurses in the motivation and work of PPI.

Bimbingan Konseling Islam Dalam Membentuk Kesadaran Beribadah Kepada Siswa Kolej Vokasional Nibong Tebal Malaysia

Islamic counselling guidance is an effort to assist an individual or a group who are experiencing physical and emotional difficulties in fulfilling their life duties using a religious approach, namely by awakening the strength of faith to overcome problems. This study aims to investigate the role of religious guidance services in enhancing the worship awareness of students at Kolej Vokasional and to analyse the obstacles that arise during the religious guidance process. The methods used in this activity are observation and interviews with Kolej Vokasional Nibong Tebal. The research findings show that there is an increased deep understanding among students about the etiquette in the mosque, the virtues of congregational prayers, memorization of the Qunut prayer, and the pillars of prayer through religious guidance services. However, challenges such as variability in students' religious knowledge levels, limited time and resources, and varied student responses indicate an urgent need for adaptation and improvement in programme delivery. These challenges highlight the importance of differentiated teaching approaches, technology integration, and programme duration extension to achieve maximum effectiveness in vocational religious education and ensure that all students can internalise the values taught most effectively and sustainably.

Bimbingan Konseling Islam Dalam Membentuk Kesadaran Beribadah Kepada Siswa Kolej Vokasional Nibong Tebal Malaysia

Islamic counselling guidance is an effort to assist an individual or a group who are experiencing physical and emotional difficulties in fulfilling their life duties using a religious approach, namely by awakening the strength of faith to overcome problems. This study aims to investigate the role of religious guidance services in enhancing the worship awareness of students at Kolej Vokasional and to analyse the obstacles that arise during the religious guidance process. The methods used in this activity are observation and interviews with Kolej Vokasional Nibong Tebal. The research findings show that there is an increased deep understanding among students about the etiquette in the mosque, the virtues of congregational prayers, memorization of the Qunut prayer, and the pillars of prayer through religious guidance services. However, challenges such as variability in students' religious knowledge levels, limited time and resources, and varied student responses indicate an urgent need for adaptation and improvement in programme delivery. These challenges highlight the importance of differentiated teaching approaches, technology integration, and programme duration extension to achieve maximum effectiveness in vocational religious education and ensure that all students can internalise the values taught most effectively and sustainably.

Knowledge and adoption gaps of Stylosanthes seed production practices followed by farmers of Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh

A study was carried out to know the knowledge and adoption levels of recommended practices of Stylosanthes crop by farmers. The study was conducted in 12 randomly selected villages of 3 blocks of Anantapur district by surveying 120 farmers using a structured interview schedule. The results revealed that knowledge levels were poor for the application of fertilizers (00%), seed treatment (7.5%), top dressing (25%) and row spacing (59.17%). Correspondingly, four practices that the respondents did not adopt were use of recommended seed rate, sowing without seed treatment, not following recommended spacing and fertilizer application at the time of sowing. Herd size and the irrigated area had a positive relationship with the knowledge level of respondents. Herd size, herd composition and cropping pattern showed positive and one variable risk orientation showed a negative and significant relationship with the level of adoption of Stylosanthes seed production practices. The study thus brings out the dire need to enhance the knowledge and adoption of critical practices for enhancing seed yield and quality of Styosanthes hamata.

Managing COVID-19 from the Nurses’ Perspectives at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Maseru Lesotho

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: Nurses are at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19. The modest number of perspectives among healthcare practitioners remained an issue, particularly in developing nations such as Lesotho. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Objectives&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: This study aimed to assess the perspectives of nurses working in the primary healthcare setting on managing COVID-19 in Lesotho. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Method&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire from a conveniently selected sample of nurses. Data were analysed using SPSS, and the results were presented using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: A total of 120 nurses completed the questionnaire, with a 100% response rate. Very few proportions of nurses received formal training (52.4%) and were taught and trained on the safe and accurate ways of using personal protective equipment (PPE) (21.8%) as a preventative measure. Less than half (36.7%) of the participants could implement guidelines to screen, report a suspected case (32.5%) and manage confirmed cases of COVID-19 (30.8%). The levels of knowledge and practices for the pandemic were moderate during the study. There was a significant correlation between the nurses’ knowledge and practices [X&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(442, N=120) =1022.6, p&amp;lt;.05] in the management of COVID-19. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The level of perspectives of nurses in Lesotho was moderate regarding the management of COVID-19. Unsatisfactory numbers of nurses were reasonably knowledgeable and capable of implementing pandemic response measures. This study provides the information necessary for health authorities to prioritise training programmes that support nurses during COVID-19 and other similar pandemics.

Managing COVID-19 from the Nurses’ Perspectives at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Maseru Lesotho

&amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Background&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: Nurses are at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19. The modest number of perspectives among healthcare practitioners remained an issue, particularly in developing nations such as Lesotho. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Objectives&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: This study aimed to assess the perspectives of nurses working in the primary healthcare setting on managing COVID-19 in Lesotho. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Method&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used to collect data using a structured questionnaire from a conveniently selected sample of nurses. Data were analysed using SPSS, and the results were presented using descriptive and analytic statistics. Results: A total of 120 nurses completed the questionnaire, with a 100% response rate. Very few proportions of nurses received formal training (52.4%) and were taught and trained on the safe and accurate ways of using personal protective equipment (PPE) (21.8%) as a preventative measure. Less than half (36.7%) of the participants could implement guidelines to screen, report a suspected case (32.5%) and manage confirmed cases of COVID-19 (30.8%). The levels of knowledge and practices for the pandemic were moderate during the study. There was a significant correlation between the nurses’ knowledge and practices [X&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;(442, N=120) =1022.6, p&amp;lt;.05] in the management of COVID-19. &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Conclusion&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt;: The level of perspectives of nurses in Lesotho was moderate regarding the management of COVID-19. Unsatisfactory numbers of nurses were reasonably knowledgeable and capable of implementing pandemic response measures. This study provides the information necessary for health authorities to prioritise training programmes that support nurses during COVID-19 and other similar pandemics.

Challenges and Problems of Nature Conservation: A Case Study from Poland

The article aims to show the attitudes and views of Polish residents on the problem of preserving the natural environment from the perspective of their place of residence. The need for research in this area stems from the insufficient number of available studies on this very important issue given the global environmental challenges we are facing. The research gap noted relates particularly to the aspects of engagement in environmental measures, knowledge levels, and motivations for conservation efforts by local citizens. Environmentally and socially responsible behavior is part of the concept of sustainable development. Empirical research covered a sample of 500 adult residents of Poland using the CAWI technique. The results showed that the vast majority of respondents noticed numerous problems in preserving the natural environment in their place of residence. According to respondents, the way to reduce these problems is to increase care for green areas, promote renewable energy sources, and strive to reduce waste. Moreover, the research results show that respondents take initiatives to segregate waste, save energy, and apply the zero-waste concept. The main reason for taking action to solve environmental problems is to preserve the environment for our children and future generations. The results of these studies showed that for men, pro-environmental activities are more important than for women. These findings are valuable for policymakers, local authorities, and fellow citizens.

How to Drive Tourists’ Pro-Environmental Behavior: Interactive Effect of Benefit Appeals and Goal Framing

The drive to foster tourists’ pro-environmental behavior (TPEB) is a current research hotspot amidst the deteriorating ecological environment. However, existing studies have yet to reach definitive conclusions on how tourist destinations influence TPEB through different benefit appeals and goal framing. This paper investigates the interactive effects of these factors on TPEB, reporting on two experiments. Study 1 confirmed significant interactive effects of benefit appeals and goal framing on TPEB, wherein altruistic appeals and gain framing, as well as appeals to self-interest and loss framing, demonstrates matching effects. Furthermore, environmental awareness mediated these interactions. Study 2 established that tourists’ environmental knowledge moderates the interactive effects of goal framing and benefit appeals on TPEB. The moderating effect of high-level environmental knowledge is more pronounced, and tourists with higher environmental knowledge are more inclined to engage in TPEB compared with those with lower levels of environmental knowledge. The conclusions of this study not only enrich the research on influencing factors and mechanisms of TPEB but also offer practical insights for environmental management in tourist destinations.