Knowledge In Poland Research Articles

Socialist culture, participation and expert knowledge in Poland and Romania in the long 1960s

ABSTRACT During the long 1960s (mid-1950s to early 1970s), mass culture developed in Poland and Romania at the intersection of state policies in the field of socialist culture, ideas of democratic participation and the growing importance of expert social scientific knowledge for governance. By comparing studies that critically examined the outcomes of socialist cultural policies at the time, the article contributes an East–East perspective to the scholarship on the global 60s and socialist modernity. It reconstructs the main features of the model of socialist culture and analyses how researchers engaged with this model and its implementation. Some emphasized people’s participation in line with the party-state’s yet unfulfilled aspiration to create a democratic ‘socialist culture’. Others produced expert knowledge based on theoretical and empirical sociological research on mass culture. The article reveals how the relationship between party-state and ‘the masses’ – both as subjects of cultural policy and as consumers of culture – was mediated in research on socialist culture in Poland and Romania in the long 1960s.

Poles’ knowledge about the coordination of retirement pensions in the European Union: an empirical study

The purpose of the article is to indicate the need to popularize knowledge in Poland about the coordination of retirement pensions in the EU and to present good practices for disseminating knowledge about coordination in selected countries covered by the coordination regulation. The following research hypothesis has been presented: the level of Poles’ knowledge about the coordination of retirement pensions in the European Union is low. The author’s own research was carried out based on the quantitative CAWI (Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing) method. The research included a survey sample with a total of 1,000 respondents. The nationwide survey was carried out among the Polish working population. The author's own research focuses precisely on the international aspect of pensions coordination. The research confirmed the low level of Poles' knowledge about coordination. Poles do not know whether Polish workers migrating within the European labour market can benefit from EU regulations that make it easier to receive a pension and retirement benefits, or whether the social insurance contribution periods for work performed abroad count when determining the right to receive Polish retirement benefits. The article presents good practices for disseminating knowledge about coordination in selected EU countries – Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, Spain, Ireland, Germany, Switzerland and the United Kingdom, as a basis for creating recommendations for Poland.

Modeling of legal knowledge management system based on ontology

The work presents an analysis of the possibilities of applying it systems modeling methodologies in the management of legal knowledge. Legal knowledge is a specific type of knowledge that is characterized by a unique dynamic, which is law. The constant volatility of legal regulations means that in some areas, e.g. accounting, it can cause unnecessary errors in the books, as well as cause costs in the form of penalties. The area of application of ICT tools in supporting the management of legal knowledge in Poland has not yet been examined, which allows us to conclude that this article goes in the direction of filling gaps. The research method used is an experiment consisting in creating a model of legal knowledge management using ontology. The experiment used the classic approach to creating IT solutions based on UML notation.

Władysław Szafer as a palaeobotanist

Władysław Szafer (1886–1970) was one of the notable Polish botanists of the first half of the 20th c., palaeobotany being one of his main fields of interest, cultivated for over 60 years. Initially, he studied Quaternary floras and later on he expanded his interests to the Tertiary (Neogene) floras at the end of the 1930s. He published at least 80 different books and papers on palaeobotany, many of which still having scientific, not only historical, value. His organizational, teaching and editing activities in the field of palaeobotany were also remarkable, and influenced strongly the science in Poland. He contributed to the fast development of this field of knowledge in Poland, both in terms of research and in terms of staff number. 50 years after his death, we summarize the results of Władysław Szafer’s activity in palaeobotany.

The nutritional behavior of pregnant women attending antenatal classes and non-attendees

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional behavior regarding the frequency of consumption of the main types of food by pregnant women attending antenatal classes in comparison to non-attendees.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was conducted in Poland among 200 women in the first pregnancy, 100 of whom were attending antenatal classes and 100 were non-attendees.FindingsWomen attending antenatal classes exhibited more favorable health-related nutritional behaviors in comparison with those not attending. Attendees eat more vegetables and milk products whereas non-attendees declared more processed meat and sweets consumption. Three-fourth of non-attendees and two-fourth of attendees considered their diet as good. It was also found that the level of physical activity of pregnant women attending antenatal classes was significantly higher than among those who did not attend such classes.Research limitations/implicationsA limitation of the study was that it took place in Poland and voices from women of other European countries as well as diverse ethnicities were not represented. In addition, women were interviewed only during their pregnancy, and therefore it was not possible to investigate women's nutritional behaviors after delivery.Practical implicationsThis research shows clearly that attending antenatal classes may involve with a beneficial effect on the nutritional behavior of pregnant women. It is expected that once established healthy nutritional habits should be practiced further.Originality/valueThis research is the indication of the important role of antenatal classes in developing more favorable health-related dietary behavior expressed by the participants. To our knowledge in Poland, it is the first time that the nutritional behavior of pregnant women attending and not attending antenatal classes were examined and compared. So far in Poland, the extent and type of nutritional education received by pregnant women across antenatal care has not been examined. This research can contribute to a broader recognition of nutritional knowledge and practice of pregnant women important for the health of mother and her baby.

Effectivity\u2013ecosphere\u2013economics in nZEB retrofit procedures

Sustainable development has by now become an element deeply integrated in the everyday design. It has many shades and may be found under many names. We speak about resiliency in design and procurement of passive, ecologic, plus energy, or nZEB buildings. Nevertheless, if we look closely, we may distinguish certain characteristic ideas. First, sustainable development of societies and urbanization processes should be consistent on a deeper level than presently, and be included within design processes, organization, and planning, as well as modernization and redevelopment procedures of existing urban tissue. Secondly, urbanization should be perceived holistically, as an interaction and harmonious development of both natural and manmade environments, with solutions based on the best technical and technological standards available. Lastly, described ideas are achievable only, if we include continuous cooperation between urban planners, architects, specialist consultants, as well as energy-efficient interdisciplinary solutions to achieve high standard energy measures. One of the thresholds is economic feasibility; the other is health and well-being of the users which should always be discussed as a priority. This paper—outside a brief theoretical approach to initial procedures in design management—will dwell on transformation and modernization of an existing building belonging to the Warsaw University of Technology, one of the oldest universities in Poland, its founding dating back to the beginning of the twentieth century. In 2015, a Nordic Finance Mechanism grant dedicated to the nZEB technology transfer from Norway to Poland was awarded to a group of researchers from Warsaw University of Technology and NTNU Trondheim. The main aim of the project is implementation of nZEB knowledge in Poland, as well as preparation of two integrated concept designs for public (University) buildings as exemplary case studies which could act as the benchmarks for other public buildings.

Usage of the Analogy of Space-Time in Forecasting Changes in Employment in Knowledge-Intensive Services Sector in Poland

The objective of this study was to analyze hypothetical employment in sectors of intensive knowledge in Poland in coming years, assuming a similar course of these changes in comparison to other European countries. In this paper the method of forecasting based on spatio-temporal analogies of Knowledge Intensive Services (KIS) employment was proposed. KIS has been treated as an indicator of innovative development. EUROSTAT database has been used in analysis. The resulting short-term forecasts indicate a likely change in employment in this sector in the coming years.

Zmiany strukturalne jako determinanta popytu na kapitał ludzki

The study deals with a problem of changes in demand for human capital, that are caused by structural changes in Polish economy in the context of its convergence with the EU structures. There was assumed that structural features that are observed nowadays in the EU as a whole constitute a model for development of these countries that limit their development gap. Thus, a direction of transformation in branch relationships leads to convergence of Poland with other EU members and changes in branch relationships determine demand for human capital. The research was aimed at identification of the realised demand for human capital, concerning a level and a character of the resources. Considering the first aspect there was assumed that an indicator of a level of human capital engaged in economic processes is education of the employees. There were made comparisons of a share of highly educated employees in Poland and the EU, a structure of education in branches, as well as a share of employment in knowledge-intensive activities. The identified development tendencies showed decreasing development gap of Polish economy, connected with creation of a knowledge-based economy. The essential barrier of human capital absorption in Poland appears to be unfavorable structure of branches. The second aspect of the analysis was connected with a character of the engaged human capital, that was specified as basing on general or specific knowledge. To identify the character of knowledge there was assessed a concentration of occupations between branches and a share of professional groups in the specified branches. Disparities between Polish economy and the EU countries are described by a lower share of occupations and branches basing on a general knowledge in Poland. Meanwhile development trends show an increase of such kind of knowledge. A barrier to achieve cohesion within EU in this dimension also appeared to be the unfavorable branch relationships in Poland.

HUMAN CAPITAL - STRATEGIC ASPECT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EUROPEAN UNION

The aim of the given paper is to identify human capital as an important factor determining sustainable development of the European Union including an influence of political and economic background on the growing importance of human resources and human knowledge in Poland as well as in the whole European Union. Therefore, the article presents crucial notion as sustainable development, features of modern economy and characteristics of human capital; the article points also at political and economic conditions which reinforce the role of human capital nowadays. 
 The article shows that the concept of sustainable development is related to the concept of knowledge based economy. It has been believed that only a reasonable attitude towards economy which is based on information and knowledge can cause sustainable development and that human capital is the element which is visible and which joins development processes and which influences all its levels.

Results of the commercialisation of scientific research in the light of experience gained at the Nicolaus Copernicus University Centre for Technology Transfer

Abstract The statutory mission of a university, in addition to the creation of scientific knowledge and education, lies in the cooperation with the economic sector through the transfer of knowledge and technology. The effectiveness of this process directly affects the affluence of any given State’s economy. Owing to the new amendments to the Act on Higher Education, many barriers that hinder commercialisation of knowledge in Poland have been brought down. Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń sets an excellent example in this respect having established a special purpose entity, which has already managed to set up thirteen spin-off companies in just 18 months.

Philosophical Knowledge in Poland

This paper presents the problem of philosophical knowledge in Poland, against the background of the historical development of an actually dominant philosophical “knowledge-group”. First, the question of the general understanding of philosophical knowledge, its criteria and its influence on the philosophical community is discussed. Secondly, there is an attempt to answer the question of the general understanding of philosophical knowledge and its influence on the situation in the job market in philosophy, in the context of the situation in the universities.

(Un)finished transition. Stock of knowledge in Poland, 1924–2012

(Un)finished transition. Stock of knowledge in Poland, 1924–2012

Diffusing Global Medical Knowledge in Poland and Ukraine

Abstract The purpose of this study is to assess the thirty-year effort of the Children’s Medical Care Foundation (CMCF) in Poland and Ukraine and identify the main determinants of success and limitations of the program. Using the diffusion of innovations theory as a guide for assessment, this study discusses the most common themes associated with barriers to knowledge dissemination and innovation implementation that CMCF trainees face, or have faced, in both countries. The data collected suggest that training through the CMCF has resulted in knowledge diffusion that has led to positive health outcomes for infants and children in both Poland and Ukraine; however, a large gap still exists between knowledge acquisition and the translation of knowledge into practice through the dissemination of innovative methods, particularly in regard to Ukraine. In light of the economic, political, and social barriers CMCF confronts, this article aims to provide options for the reinvention and modernization of the program’s focus, as it pertains to Poland and Ukraine. Suggestions are offered for tailoring the CMCF’s objectives to each country separately, while maintaining sustainability through increased collaboration and rapid knowledge diffusion. This study used face-to-face interviews in a qualitative methods approach among former CMCF trainees in the specializations of neonatology and pediatric surgery.

Political knowledge in Poland

Using Polish panel data from 1998, 2003, and 2008, I examine people's knowledge of the governing parties of the Sejm in 2003. I focus on ability, opportunity, and motivation to explain political knowledge. I also examine the effects of knowledge on changes in political attitudes and behaviors from 2003 to 2008. Major sources of political knowledge are prior political interest and the change in interest from 1998 to 2003, political experience, and cognitive ability. There also exists a substantial gender gap in knowledge. Finally, political knowledge leads to changes in political interest, alienation, democratic attitudes, and voting behavior.

The Role of the NUKAT Union Catalog in Shaping the Society of Knowledge in Poland: January 2008 Conference Report

The paper summarizes the proceedings of the January 2008 conference entitled The Role of the NUKAT Union Catalog in Shaping the Society of Knowledge in Poland.

A national survey of the Polish population's cardiopulmonary resuscitation knowledge.

The teaching of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has had a positive public health impact beyond resuscitating cardiac arrest victims to include recognition of signs and symptoms and prevention of heart attacks. To study the general knowledge and degree of preparedness in the Republic of Poland, a national survey was conducted. The survey was designed to assess general knowledge and concern regarding CPR training in the Polish population. Complete demographic information was collected to determine any difference in responses in the population. The results indicate that (1) approximately 75% of the Polish population has received CPR training; (2) the majority of the surveyed population assess their CPR ability as inadequate; (3) the surveyed population believe that CPR training needs to be expanded and improved. Taking into consideration results of the CPR knowledge assessment questions it can be concluded that CPR knowledge in Poland is low and a standardized curriculum for CPR training is needed.

Strengthening emergency medicine in Poland: a training and partnership model.

To report a qualitative evaluation of the Partnerships in Health Care/EMS Project between Poland and the United States. The goal of the partnership was to strengthen the emergency medical services (EMS) system in three Polish cities, Krakow, Bialystok, and Lodz. The Polish participants were interviewed in Poland approximately eight months after a U.S.-based training program. They were asked to evaluate the effectiveness of the partnership project and discuss their experiences incorporating U.S. emergency medicine (EM) knowledge and technology in the Polish EMS system. The Polish physicians identified three major factors that had the greatest impact on the implementation of U.S. EM knowledge in Poland. These factors were the substantive differences between Polish and U.S. EM knowledge and technology, staffing differences in Polish and U.S. ambulances, and the differing role the EMS system plays in the delivery of primary care in the two countries. The Polish physicians succeeded in training EM providers in the three cities, thus strengthening clinical skills of EMS providers. They also were able to adapt the principles of U.S. EM that they had learned to fit the specific circumstances that characterize Polish emergency care. As in the United States, the health care system in Poland is inseparable from the social, political, and economic realities of the nation.

Public attitudes towards scientific knowledge in Poland

Public attitudes towards scientific knowledge in Poland