Knowledge Of Maintenance Research Articles

Hubungan Pengetahuan dengan Sikap Pemeliharaan Kesehatan Gigi pada Siswa SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Medan Denai

Knowledge, attitude and behavior are the main factors that affect dental and oral health. Behaviors that arise due to lack of knowledge of children about the importance of maintaining oral health, causing a high prevalence of dental caries in school-age children. This aim of the study was to know the level of knowledge and attitudes of dental and oral health maintenance based on age and gender, and to analyze the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of oral health maintanance. This research is descriptive correlative with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique is the proportional stratified random sampling. The measuring instrument of this research is a questionnaire. The results of the study on the level of knowledge and attitudes based on age and gender were mostly in good category with data analysis there was a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and age (p=0,048), there was no significant relationship between the level of knowledge and gender (p=0,952), there was There was a significant relationship between the level of attitude and age (p=0,000), there was a significant relationship between the level of attitude and gender (p=0,039), and there was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitudes of maintaining oral health (p = 0,066). The conclusion is the need for counseling so that the knowledge and attitude of maintaining oral health is in line with behavior in maintaining dental and oral health.

Investigating the Kazakhstani Pediatric Nurses’ intravenous catheter management knowledge and confidence: A cross-sectional study

AimTo assess Kazakh pediatric nurses’ knowledge and confidence in peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) management and examine the personal and professional factors that influenced them. BackgroundDespite the significance of having high levels of PIVC insertion and care knowledge and confidence among pediatric nurses, the literature portrays inadequacies in the knowledge of these nurses in various parts of the globe. DesignThis study is cross-sectional and observational, following the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology checklist in reporting. MethodsA convenience sample of 200 pediatric nurses working in the University Medical Center in Kazakhstan were surveyed from November to December 2022 using a paper-based questionnaire to assess the PIVC management knowledge and confidence. ResultsThe respondents had poor knowledge of patient assessment, PIVC insertion, maintenance, and removal. Participants reported high confidence in inserting and maintaining PIVCs among pediatric patients. Nurses' education, pediatric nursing experience, and training in PIVC management in the last 12 months were significant predictors of the nurses' knowledge. PIVC insertion and care knowledge directly influenced the nurses' confidence in these procedures. ConclusionsDespite the high confidence of the nurses, their actual knowledge of these skills needed to be higher. Some personal and professional factors influence the knowledge and confidence of pediatric nurses.

Knowledge on Oral Hygiene Maintenance of Children Aged 6 to 9 Years Attending at the OPD of a Tertiary Care Dental Hospital in Dhaka City

Background: Knowledge from pre-primary school about the prevention of dental caries is better before the disease process has starte. Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the knowledge of oral health maintenance among the children of 6 to 9 years old such as regular tooth brushing, uses of oral hygiene aids and dental attendance to maintain their good oral health for a life time. Methodology: This cross-sectional study conducted in Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Bangladesh study was carried out from October 2019 to September 2020. A total of 175 participants children aged 6-9 years attending at the OPD with dental Caries in Dhaka Dental College Hospital were the study population. The study population were Included Children aged 6 to 9 years in Dhaka dental college and hospital who were available and wished to participate. The questionnaire was used in this study pre-tested before the data collection, data was collected using semi-structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Results: A total of 175 participants children aged 6 to 9 years attending at the OPD with dental Caries in Dhaka Dental College Hospital were the study population. The knowledge according to the correct method of tooth brushing to keep healthy teeth which were significant with their age and education. The study revealed the knowledge according to the correct method of tooth brushing to keep healthy teeth which were not significant among both gender (P=0.000038) and level of education (P=0.00001). The knowledge according to cleaning teeth and mouth after each meal to keep healthy teeth which were significant only with their age (P=0.00027) and same as knowledge according the to relation of food or drinks with healthy teeth which were significant with their age(P=0 .00729) and education significant level (P=0.001185), the knowledge according to poor oral health causes of dental problem which were significant with their education level (P=0.002524) and knowledge to the necessity of dental check-up at least once in year which were significant with their age(P=0.04237) and education level (P=0.002524). Conclusion: In conclusion, it is found that a significant association between the education level and age of children have good knowledge of oral health hygiene to prevent dental caries among the young children who are more prone to develop the diseases. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology, January 2023;17 (1):15-20

Opportunistic maintenance optimization of continuous process manufacturing systems considering imperfect maintenance with epistemic uncertainty

Due to the production process for continuous process manufacturing system (CPMS) cannot be stopped, the “opportunities” for maintenance can only occur within the specified time intervals. To improve the completion rate of production process, the focus of opportunistic maintenance for CPMS is whether the maintenance is to be performed at known time. Meanwhile, several opportunistic maintenance optimization models assumed imperfect maintenance to develop more reasonable maintenance plan. However, the parameters of imperfect maintenance cannot be accurately assessed (namely epistemic uncertainty) due to inadequate knowledge of maintenance and degradation mechanisms. This epistemic uncertainty was ignored in previous studies. Therefore, a novel opportunistic maintenance optimization model for CPMSs is proposed. The opportunity time window (OTW) concept is introduced to constrain the production-constrained maintenance opportunity. Three types of maintenance actions, including do nothing, perfect maintenance, and imperfect maintenance with epistemic uncertainty, are considered during the OTW to improve the production efficiency and performance of the manufacturing system. In the context of random and epistemic uncertainty, a stochastic fuzzy flow manufacturing network (SFFMN) is established to describe dynamic production processes and evaluate machine reliability. Moreover, a simulated annealing-based adaptive immune algorithm (SAAIA) with multiple immune operators is developed to address the opportunity maintenance optimization model of CPMSs. Finally, a case study of the hot rolling manufacturing system is provided to better understand the proposed method and demonstrate its effectiveness.

Evaluating the knowledge and perception of electronic health records and computer-based patient maintenance among dental professionals

ABSTRACT Background: Electronic health records (EHRs), considered one of the crucial advances in technological health-care delivery, have made medical details easier to procure from anywhere. It has a distinct edge over paper records, and medical literature also reveals that implementing EHRs is instrumental in refining the documentation quality. With this study, we understand its utility and prevalence in the current scenario. Aim: The current study investigated the knowledge and perception of EHR sand computer-based patient maintenance among Indian dentists. We also highlighted the current state of EHR in India while discussing the financial and legal barriers. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done to assess the awareness and perception of EHRs among randomly selected dentists practicing in India. The questionnaire with three sections and 33 questions was distributed through Google Forms through E-mail to contacts and promoted on social media among various dental community groups. Results: We found that majorly private practices (30.4%) and multispecialty dental colleges (39%) opted for electronic dental records (EDRs). Largely, Indian dentists were utilizing hybrid formats which depicted their inclination to evolve with the everyday-upgrading digital dentistry. However, 47.5% of practitioners still fear their use due to the risk of data loss. Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of EDRs is a promise toward an absolute diagnosis, preventing medical errors with their availability at the point of care, reducing repetitive laboratory tests, and consequently the financial burden on patients.

Predictive Maintenance for station equipment and Applications for the Space field

Our company have a lot of stations fare equipment such asticket gate machine. Maintenance and inspection of theserequire a lot of labor and cost. In this paper, we aimed to solvethis problem by applying failure detection a form of machinelearning. Currently, the system has been installed in all of ourstation equipment, and has reduced the number of failures by20% and inspections by 30%, helping to optimize ouroperations. In the future, we plan to apply this method andour knowledge of maintenance and operation to evaluate thehealth and management of satellites in the space field.

Transcriptome profiling analysis of uterus during chicken laying periods

The avian eggshell is formed in the uterus. Changes in uterine function may have a significant effect on eggshell quality. To identify the vital genes impacting uterine functional maintenance in the chicken, uteri in three different periods (22W, 31W, 51W) were selected for RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. In our study, 520, 706 and 736 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were respectively detected in the W31 vs W22 group, W51 vs W31 group and W51 vs W22 group. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated DEGs were enriched in the extracellular matrix, extracellular region part, extracellular region, extracellular matrix structural constituent, ECM receptor interaction, collagen-containing extracellular matrix and collagen trimer in the uterus (P < 0.05). Protein–protein interaction analysis revealed that FN1, LOX, THBS2, COL1A1, COL1A2, COL5A1, COL5A2, POSTN, MMP13, VANGL2, RAD54B, SPP1, SDC1, BTC, ANGPTL3 might be key candidate genes for uterine functional maintenance in chicken. This study discovered dominant genes and pathways which enhanced our knowledge of chicken uterine functional maintenance.

Influence of using MEDBOGI (media boneka gigi) on knowledge of how to brush teeth in mild mental mental disability children at SLB Tunas Mulya Surabaya

It was found in a preliminary study conducted on mild mentally retarded children aged 9-12 years at SLB Tunas Mulya Surabaya, most of them had poor knowledge of how to brush their teeth. This is caused by the use of media that is less effective in the learning process. Efforts to increase knowledge of dental and oral health maintenance can be carried out by using MEDBOGI (Media Boneka Gigi). This study aimed to determine the effect of using MEDBOGI on knowledge of how to brush teeth in children with mild mental retardation at SLB Tunas Mulya Surabaya. The research method uses analytic research with quick experimental and one-group pretest-posttest design. The research sample was 30 mentally retarded children aged 9-12 years at SLB Tunas Mulya Surabaya, taking samples using a total sampling technique. The data collection instrument uses a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique uses the Mann-Whitney test. Results: based on the Man-Whitney test, the result is P (0.000) &lt;0.05. This value indicates that H0 is rejected, so there is an effect of using MEDBOGI on knowledge of how to brush teeth in children with mild mental retardation at SLB Tunas Mulya Surabaya.

Risk factors and incidence of peripheral venous catheters-related phlebitis between 2017 and 2021: A multicentre study (Flebitis Zero Project).

The peripheral venous catheter is one of the most frequently used devices in inpatient units worldwide. The risk of complications arising from use of peripheral venous catheters is low, but phlebitis frequently develops. A multicentre, prospective cohort study was conducted in 65 Spanish hospitals on 10,247 inpatients who had had a total of 38,430 peripheral venous catheters inserted. Data were collected for 15 consecutive days in 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021. Central tendency and dispersion were measured, cumulative incidence and incidence density were determined and odds ratios (OR) were also calculated using binary logistic regression. The incidence density of phlebitis, during the period from 2017 to 2021, was 1.82 cases of phlebitis per 100 venous catheter-days. The difference between average cumulative incidence of phlebitis per year was statistically significant as determined by ANOVA test results (F = 10.51; df = 4; p < 0.000). Unequivocal risk factors for phlebitis were revealed to be hospitals with more than 500 beds (OR = 1.507; p < 0.001), patients suffering from neoplastic disease (OR = 1.234; p < 0.001) and the first 3-4 days after insertion (OR = 1.159; p < 0.001). A correct knowledge of insertion technique and venous catheter maintenance is likely to reduce the incidence of phlebitis and other complications, and hence continuing education of nurses is essential.

Evidence based – Enteral feeding algorithm for Neurosurgery ICU/Ward

Enteral feeding is a procedure that is in practice internationally by nurses. Providing enteral feeding to the patients is an art and science of nursing that follows careful steps and principles. Nurses role is not only confined to administering enteral feed but also of educating, giving instructions to the family members, directing caregivers and significant others regarding initiating and maintaining enteral feeding, so that continuity of nutritional care is maintained even in the home setting. Once the patient is admitted in neurosurgical ICU, hemodynamic stability of the patient is utmost important, as hemodynamic instability of the patient may preclude the safe initiation of EN in the critical care patients. Initial stabilization is the key for patient survival followed by maintenance therapy like drugs, mobilization, position, continuous monitoring and nutrition. For determining the need of enteral feeding especially for neurosurgical and neurological patients three things should be given utmost importance i.e. Swallowing deficit, Unconsciousness (Level of consciousness) and Nutritional requirement. Can be easily remembered as pneumonic SUN.Confirming tube position is one of the critical step in effective enteral feeding practice in spite of that it has given least importance. It is recommended to confirm the tube position immediately after ryles’ tube insertion through radiologic methods which may be not feasible sometimes, therefore bedside methods can also be adopted Auscultation methods and Aspiration method are the most widely used method among all the bed side methods for confirming tube placement. Gastric residual volume is the amount aspirated from the stomach following administration of the enteral feed. An aspirate among of less than 500ml in 4-6 hours or less than 50% of last enteral feed is safe and indicates that GIT is functioning. Most patients nicely tolerate enteral feeding via gastric tube while few patients has delayed gastric emptying and high GRVs as a result of sedation, pain medications, hypothermia, decreased movement and the effect of being critically ill. Intolerance of enteral feeding is defined as more than 500ml or more than 50% of last enteral feeding. Though enteral feeding is the most popular procedure for ICU Nursing officer, but it is the most crucial in terms of deciding patient outcome. Effective enteral feeding requires through knowledge of initiation and maintenance of enteral feeding. Thus, this article propose simple algorithm to follow. Effectively delivering nutrition to the patient requires the help of dietitian and physician/surgeon to deal with its challenges that comes along with this golden feeding technique.

Study of the Condition of Forest Fire Fighting Vehicles

The Forest Fire Fighting Vehicle (FFFV) is one of the most important pieces of equipment in direct firefighting; therefore, its maintenance is strategic to guarantee high levels of reliability. The history of interventions is essential to support the increase in the quality of maintenance, namely with regard to the specificity of each equipment, in its actual operating conditions. In the absence of previous information, it is important to resort to complementary tools that allow for overcoming this gap where usually the knowledge of maintenance held by professionals and users is structuring and very helpful. In this perspective, data were collected from several fire brigades. The analysis and decisions were possible using fuzzy logic, following the Mamdani model and the centroid method for the defuzzification phase. Subsequently, a Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA) was carried out to identify which would be the most severe failures, the possible cause of each failure and the respective maintenance action. Through the results obtained, it was possible to identify a set of elements of the FFFV where maintenance should pay additional attention so that the vehicle guarantees the desired levels of reliability and propose a maintenance program with added value compared to what is currently practised.

KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH WITH EXAMINATION MOTIVATION TOOTH

Background: Maintaining dental and oral health is one of the efforts to improve health. One of the causes of a person ignoring his dental and oral health problems is the factor of lack of knowledge about dental and oral hygiene. Knowledge is one of the intrinstic factors that influence motivation. A person who is sick needs motivation for treatment as the main component in determining their health behavior. The purpose of the study: to determine the relationship between knowledge of dental and oral health maintenance of patients with the motivation to check their teeth at the UPTD Puskesmas Nusaherang, Kuningan Regency. Method: descriptive survey research with a cross sectional approach, a population of 38 patients to those who came to the dental poly of the Nusaherang Health Center, sampling using the accidental sampling method. Data are taken by means of the distribution of knowledge and motivation questionnaires. The data were analyzed using the chi square test. The results of the study: The level of knowledge of dental and oral health maintenance of patients who visited UPTD Puskesmas Nusaherang, Kuningan Regency, was mostly good (73.7%), patient motivation was mostly good (76.3%). The results of the correlation analysis show that there is a relationship between the patient's dental and oral health maintenance knowledge and the motivation to check the teeth (p-value = 0.000). In this study, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge of dental and oral health maintenance of patients with the motivation to check teeth at the UPTD Puskesmas Nusaherang, Kuningan Regency.

KNOWLEDGE OF PARENTS' DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE WITH THE STATUS OF ORAL HYGIENE OF CHILDREN WITH MENTAL RETARDATION

Background: Children with mental retardation have trouble taking care of their own dental health, making parental involvement extremely important in directing, offering understanding, reminding, and providing facilities for children to be able to take care of their teeth and oral hygiene. Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the dental hygiene status of children with mental retardation at SDLB-C Yayasan Bahagia Tasikmalaya City in connection to their parents' knowledge of dental and oral health maintenance. Methods: A cross-sectional study based on a series of observations. Fifteen families with children who have mental disabilities were selected for the study through a purposive sampling method. A questionnaire and the Spearman rank correlation coefficient from the OHI-S.test are utilized for analysis. Results: The test's significance value was 0.029 0.05, indicating that there is a statistically significant association between parental education and dental health in children with mental impairment. Conclusion: Parents' knowledge has a strong relationship with the oral hygiene status of mentally retarded children at SDLB-C Yayasan Bahagia Tasikmalaya City, with coefficient correlation value 0,563.

Dental health education: Maintenance of dental health using flipchart media

Background: Dental and oral health maintenance is an effort to improve health. One of the reasons a person ignores dental and oral health problems is the lack of knowledge about dental and oral hygiene. Provision of dental and oral health knowledge should be given to school-age children. Efforts to increase knowledge are dental health counseling using flipchart media. Purpose: to analyze knowledge of dental and oral health maintenance before and after being given counseling using flipchart media for fifth grade students at SDN Tidung Island, 2022. Method: Pre-experimental research with pretest-posttest one group design. This research was conducted on 69 students of class V SDN on Tidung Island, who were obtained using a total sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire and data analysis used the descriptive analysis. Results: The correct answers to the pre-test questions in the good category were 32 students with a percentage of 46.4%, in the sufficient category were 26 students with a percentage of 37.7%, and in the poor category were 11 students with a percentage of 15.9%. While the results of the correct answers to the post-test questions in the good category were 64 students with a percentage of 92.2%, the sufficient category was 5 students with a percentage of 7.2%, and the poor category was 0 with a percentage of 0%. Conclusion: there is a change in students' knowledge after being given dental health education using flipchart media.&#x0D; Keywords: flipchart media, knowledge, dental health education.

Leaflet media as an effort to increase knowledge of dental health maintenance in elementary school students

Knowledge can be increased through health promotion. In terms of the age at which children are susceptible to disease, counseling is especially aimed at groups prone to dental and oral health problems, namely elementary school-aged children. Leaflet media is the right media to increase the knowledge of fourth grade students where students can already read. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of dental and oral health maintenance knowledge before and after being given counseling using leaflet media to class IV students at SDN Sawangan 07 Depok in 2022. The research design used was quasi-experimental. The sampling technique with a total sample of 36 students. Data was collected by filling out pre-test and post-test questionnaires given to class IVB students. Data analysis used paired sample test. The results of the study before being given counseling about dental health maintenance using leaflet media had a good level of knowledge category of 25 people with a percentage of 69%, the level of knowledge in the sufficient category was 5 people with a percentage of 14%, and the level of knowledge in the poor category was 6 people with a percentage of 17%. The results of the study after being given counseling about maintaining dental health with leaflet media, most of the respondents had a good level of knowledge, 29 people with a percentage of 81%, the level of knowledge in the sufficient category was 7 people with a percentage of 19%, and no students were included in the poor category. The results of the paired sample test analysis obtained a p-value of 0.000. Conclusion: leaflet media is effective in increasing knowledge about maintaining oral health in elementary school students. Keywords: Leaflet media, knowledge, dental health, elementary school students

Extracellular vesicle-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet in health and diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease with high mortality and morbidity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel class of signaling molecules, biomarkers and therapeutic agents. EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion of β-cells and insulin action in peripheral insulin target tissues, maintaining glucose homeostasis under physiological conditions, and it's also involved in pathological changes including autoimmune response, insulin resistance and β-cell failure associated with DM. In addition, EVs may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents that respectively reflect the status and improve function and viability of pancreatic islets. In this review, we provide an overview of EVs, discuss EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islet under physiological and diabetic conditions, and summarize the emerging applications of EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of DM. A better understanding of EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan communication of pancreatic islets will broaden and enrich our knowledge of physiological homeostasis maintenance as well as the development, diagnosis and treatment of DM.

EFFECTIVENESS OF COUNSELING USING LINE AS SOCIAL MEDIA APPLICATION ON THE KNOWLEDGE OF DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH MAINTENANCE

ABSTRACTBackground: Oral health is an integral component of public health. The incidence of oral disease is mostly due to neglected oral hygiene factors, especially in adolescents who begin to develop more independence and self-care responsibilities including oral and dental hygiene that are effectively manage by themselves instead of their parents. Therefore, this period requires proper direction for adolescents as a form of prevention in maintaining oral health. However, during the Covid 19 pandemic, direct outreach activities were avoided so that Line as social media application was used to overcome obstacles in delivering counseling materials. Purpose: To analyze the effectiveness of outreach using Line as social media application for students at SMP Negeri 1 Rantau, Tapin Regency.Methods: Using true experimental design with pretest-postest design with control design with simple random sampling technique. The research was conducted at SMP Negeri 1 Rantau Tapin Regency with a sample of 114 respondents.Results: The Wilcoxon test in the poster intervention group obtained a significance value of 0.003 &lt;0.05 and the poster intervention 0.015 &lt;0.05,Referring that there was a difference in knowledge between before and after counseling. While the control group obtained a significance value of 0.619&gt; 0.05, referring that there was no difference in knowledge between before and after counseling was given. Conclusion: counseling using Line as social media application is effective in increasing knowledge of oral health maintenance. Keywords: adolescent, counseling, oral health, social media

Analyzing Sustainable Practices in Engineering Projects: A Systemic Approach

The work of an engineer involves the conceptualization, design, and implementation of new and improved artifacts. However, what sets engineering apart from other professions is the direct responsibility of engineers to think critically and design innovative solutions to solve complex problems in social systems. Unfortunately, the solutions often do not consider the dynamics of the environment or the cultures that will receive them, leading to obsolescence due to the lack of technical knowledge of maintenance and repair. This exacerbates the disruptive power of technology in culture and society, leading to a gap in engineering education that needs to be addressed. Critical theories attempt to reformulate the teaching and practice of engineering in social-environmental contexts of vulnerability, utilizing systemic models to anticipate solutions based on possible scenarios. However, these theories do not consider the mental models of professional engineers, relying mostly on educational studies. To address this gap, this article explores a novel approach to the problem of sustainability mindset in engineering by understanding the characteristics and structures of engineering systems of practice and conveying it through causal loop diagrams. The results identify causal loops that reinforce or affect the application of sustainable practices, which can be used as leverage points within the systems of practice structure to improve the performance and interest of engineering students in sustainable development endeavors and promote more professionals working with a sustainable mindset.

Nurses’ practice of peripherally inserted central catheter maintenance and its influencing factors in Guizhou province, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to investigate the level of practice of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) maintenance among nurses in Guizhou province, China, and to explore its influencing...

Assessment of Vehicle Maintenance Culture and Its CostEffectiveness: The Case of the University for Development Studies

The University for Development Studies is a public university in Ghana that owns and manages a fleet of vehicles. The university, however, faces numerous challenges in terms of maintaining its fleet of vehicles. Reports from the various campuses of the university indicate that most of the vehicles that broke down were at various mechanic shops and needed urgent attention. In order to propose solutions to the university's problems, the study sought to discover the causes of the university's vehicles' frequent breakdowns, why most of the vehicles were left unattended at the various mechanic shops, and why the cost of vehicle maintenance was so high. The study population comprised 55 vehicles and 30 drivers who use the vehicles in the various offices, directorates, and the pool (general usage) at the Central Administration. However, data on 34 vehicles were available for the study, which was far more than the needed representation. Ten drivers were sampled to participate in the study using a simple random sampling approach. Face-to-face interviews and one-on-one correspondence were conducted with the selected sample (drivers). The researchers used open-ended questions to gather relevant data from the respondents. The secondary data was obtained from mechanics and technicians who presented their bills for payment at the Transport Office of the University. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used in analyzing the data collected. The data were analyzed using grounded theory and Excel sheets. The study revealed issues such as frequent vehicle breakdowns that went unattended at mechanic shops and high maintenance costs as a result of a poor maintenance culture, insufficient funding, delays in the release of funds for maintenance, inflation of the cost of spare parts, the use of substandard materials, the age of the vehicle, and the insufficient knowledge and skills of mechanics and technicians. It is therefore recommended that a formalized maintenance department be established within the university and sufficiently equipped with tools and spare parts. The department should be staffed with well-qualified and experienced mechanics with the requisite practical knowledge and skills in vehicle maintenance. This will allow fast and quick responses to vehicle maintenance issues.