Architectural Design Knowledge Research Articles

Introducing Greenery into a Building Based on its Impact on Human Wellbeing – Review of Theories and Methods in Architecture

Abstract The presence of greenery around and within buildings is an integral aspect of architectural space. Although scientific knowledge regarding the impact of greenery on human well-being is expanding, there remains a scarcity of guidelines for implementing this knowledge in architectural design. This review article aims to lay the foundation for further research dedicated to supporting architectural design in the seamless integration of greenery as a co-creative element within human living space. Existing review literature is diverse and dispersed across various scientific disciplines, addressing distinct objectives, approaches, and research methodologies. Consequently, this review initially concentrates on an in-depth exploration of the broad topic of perception in architecture, highlighting significant theories and methods. Subsequently, the analysis extends to the current state of research specifically centred on well-being and the perception of greenery in the built environment. The evaluation emphasizes criteria conducive to obtaining objective, quantitative results. Finally, considering their stages of development, the available research methods are categorized and those most pertinent to the field of architecture are identified.

A geometry-based design approach and structural behaviour for an asymptotic curtain wall system

This paper presents a novel design approach for doubly curved façade structures, based on isothermal networks on minimal surfaces. It combines theories from differential geometry with knowledge in mechanical behaviour and architectural design. By controlling the curvature of surface and network, and allowing the elastic deformations of elements, a curtain wall system is fabricated from straight steel strips, assembled with repetitive 90-degree joints, and covered with planar quadrilateral or developable panels. The goal of this research is to study the complete workflow from digital design through simulation to the physical construction of a 2.4 × 2.4 m steel structure. The article presents the computational and mathematical method to design minimal surfaces, find the path of asymptotic and principal curvature lines, and create isothermal networks. To analyse elastic stress, two methods are compared using analytical beam theory and a novel flatten-reduction approach for Finite Element (FE) shell elements. The novel approach offers benefits in manufacturing, logistics, prefabrication and erection process. The FE method is used to analyse the bent structure, simulate the kinetic behaviour and evaluate the impact of residual stress, lamella slots, joint reinforcement on the structural performance. The study offers a systematic workflow to accurately design for construction and predict kinetic and static behaviour. It provides evidence of the feasibility of this strategy to create low-cost, resilient, smooth doubly curved façade structures.

Sustainability principle in Nusantara architecture: case study of the Tongkonan House, the Betawi Stage House, the Gadang House, and Lamin House

This study aims to analyze and identify the principles of sustainability in case studies of several traditional Indonesian architectures, or more specifically known as Nusantara Architecture. This paper discussed the identification, application of principal thinking, analysis, and observation through literature review and hypothesis. In these three case studies, which are the Tongkonan House, Panggung Betawi House, and Gadang House, we found that each building was represented by the choice of forms, materials, functions, and structures, which used the local resources, and as well as the meaning of architectural elements found in the details. During the modernization, the characteristics of the Nusantara Classical Architecture began to be applied to the current architecture which emerged as the Nusantara Contemporary Architecture. Through this paper, we encourage the complexity of architectural design knowledge that reflect the genius-logic, technological development, identity, lifestyle, ethical and aesthetic values of the Indonesian, which have been developed by the ancestors and it is important to always become a consideration and precedent for the architects, planners, and decision-makers in the future.

Embodied Knowledge, Tool, and Sketch: Intuitive Production of Knowledge in Architectural Design

Editorial Summary: Entitled »Embodied Knowledge, Tool, and Sketch«, Nandini Oehlmann's contribution directs the focus to the »intuitive production of knowledge in architectural design«, also the subtitle of the text, and aims to trace the tacit, pre-reflective knowledge that plays a guiding role in the design process. As she defines design as having »an idea in mind as a vague notion«, her investigation is driven by the search for a profound understanding of the knowledge transfer of cognitive and manual knowing. She places an emphasis on the evolution of knowledge in the design process, from indistinct premonition to a specific concretization of the design. Tacit knowledge forms the core of this research, aiming to decipher this preconscious experience-based manual or bodily knowledge. [Katharina Voigt]

Design of a reference architecture for developing smart warehouses in industry 4.0

Smart warehousing aims at increasing the overall service quality, productivity, and efficiency while minimizing the costs and failures. For designing the reference architecture, we apply a domain-driven architecture design approach and use the architecture design knowledge as presented in the software architecture design literature. We first provide the results of a thorough domain analysis process to smart warehouses to identify the key concerns that shape the architecture of smart warehouses. The domain model is presented using feature diagrams that show the common and variant features of smart warehouses. The domain analysis process is followed by the architecture design process, whereby we have used architecture viewpoints for modeling the reference architecture. Different businesses require different kinds of smart warehouses. Therefore, we present the generic business process model for both traditional warehouses and smart warehouses. The business modeling process is followed by the architecture design process, whereby we have used architecture viewpoints for modeling the reference architecture. Once the reference architecture is designed, a case study has been used to evaluate the proposed reference architecture. The case study has been conducted at a large warehouse in the food industry and illustrates the overall design method and presents the lessons learned.

BIM reconstruction from 3D point clouds: A semantic registration approach based on multimodal optimization and architectural design knowledge

Reconstructing semantically rich building information model (BIM) from 2D images or 3D point clouds represents a research realm that is gaining increasing popularity in architecture, engineering, and construction. Researchers have found that architectural design knowledge, such as symmetry, planarity, parallelism, and orthogonality, can be utilized to improve the effectiveness of such BIM reconstruction. Following this line of enquiry, this paper aims to develop a novel semantic registration approach for complicated scenes with repetitive, irregular-shaped objects. The approach first formulates the architectural repetition as the multimodality in mathematics. Thus, the reconstruction of repetitive objects becomes a multimodal optimization (MMO) problem of registering BIM components which have accurate geometries and rich semantics. Then, the topological information about repetition and symmetry in the reconstructed BIM is recognized and regularized for BIM semantic enrichment. A university lecture hall case, consisting of 1.9 million noisy points of 293 chairs, was selected for an experiment to validate the proposed approach. Experimental results showed that a BIM was satisfactorily created (achieving about 90% precision and recall) automatically in 926.6 s; and an even more satisfactory BIM achieved 99.3% precision and 98.0% recall with detected semantic and topological information under the minimal effort of human intervention in 228.4 s. The multimodality model of repetitive objects, the repetition detection and regularization for BIM, and satisfactory reconstruction results in the presented approach can contribute to methodologies and practices in multiple disciplines related to BIM and smart city.

Describing Liminal Knowledge in Architectural Design: Knowing What We Do Without Knowing Everything

Describing Liminal Knowledge in Architectural Design: Knowing What We Do Without Knowing Everything

Education for Adaptive reuse – the TU Delft Heritage and Architecture Experience

The Section for Heritage and Architecture of the Faculty of Architecture and the Built Environment at the Delft University of Technology specializes in architectural education for adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, with a specific focus on the built heritage of the 20th century. Our approach combines architectural design and technological knowledge with an approach that places values as central informants. Here we present our approach, explore the past and project a future evolution of our educational methodology. Finally, we reflect on the lasting relevance of the tangible and intangible heritage of the recent past as aim and source of our educational practice.

Configuration information system architecture: Insights from applied action design research

One of the critical information systems that enables service resilience is the service configuration information system (CiS). The fundamental challenge for organisations is the effective designing and implementation of the CiS architecture. This paper addresses this important research problem and reports insights from a completed applied action design research (ADR) project in an Australian financial services organisation. This paper aims to provide guidance to researchers and practitioners contemplating ADR, rooted in the organisational context, for practice-oriented academia-industry collaborative research. This research also contributes in terms of the CiS reference architecture design knowledge and demonstrates the applicability of the ADR method.

A Knowledge Conversion Model Based on the Cognitive Load Theory for Architectural Design Education

The education of architectural design requires balanced curricular arrangements of respectively theoretical knowledge and practical skills to really help students build their knowledge structures, particularly helping them in solving the problems of cognitive load. The purpose of this study is to establish an architectural design knowledge conversion model, helping students to obtain architectural design knowledge through a learning process of knowledge sharing/socialization, extraction, externalization, integration, creation and internalization. This model can help students to effectively solve the problems of cognitive load in the learning process, achieve knowledge construction and storage through meaningful learning, apply their knowledge in their future designs and, ultimately, improve their design capability. This study starts with a literature review on theories of knowledge conversion and cognitive load to establish an architectural design knowledge conversion model complemented with especially designed curricular contents and activities. The model is applied in actual teaching to find out if the application of this model has a positive influence on the students in their learning of architectural design, solving the ill-defined problems in their learning and easing their cognitive load.

Design, Analysis and User Acceptance of Architectural Design Education in Learning System Based on Knowledge Management Theory

Background:The major purpose of this study is to develop an architectural design knowledge management learning system with corresponding learning activities to help the students have meaningful learning and improve their design capability in their learning process.Material and methods:Firstly, the system can help the students to obtain and share useful knowledge. Secondly, through extraction, application and creation as well as corresponding learning activities, the students can achieve meaningful learning. Lastly, the system can enable the students to accumulate knowledge and experiences to build their schema automatically and improve their design capability.Results:The technology acceptance model (TAM) analysis results support all the hypotheses of this study, indicating the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the system have a positive influence on the students’ willingness to use the system,Conclusions:which also helps to effectively reduce the problem of cognitive overload of the student in their learning process and then improve their design capability.

설계지식 분류 기반 BIM 설계 시스템 프레임워크 - 건물규모 설계지식의 재현 -

The competitiveness of the future society is represented by as knowledge and information society. Such a society is based on the accumulation, utilization and sharing of knowledge and knowledge-based technology. The architectural design process is a problem-seeking and problem-solving, the design process could be analyzed as logical process and the requirements in the design process could be understood as the design knowledge. BIM design which is 3d shape information associated with various properties that can be constructed by incorporating the information has recently attracted attention in the field of architectural design. Integrated information of projects has the potential to be organized into architectural knowledge because it can be reused by digitizing and storing various information. Therefore, BIM platform is effective to integrate architectural design knowledge. In order to implement them in the BIM platform, the procedure will be necessary for the re-classification of information. In addition, the framework for applying them to the system will also be necessary. Also, In order to derive the framework, it is necessary to analyze the existing BIM template reuse cases of development and information. This study will be applied to Design Knowledge classification, after the analysis of the existing template BIM development information and the reusable case. Based on the type of design knowledge through a knowledge of the process of information, after setting the process, it will lead to a framework. This study proposes a framework for knowledge base BIM design by developing of BIM template and add-on for design knowledge representation and logical process.

Daylight as a Design Strategy in the Ottoman Mosques of Tunisia and Algeria

ABSTRACTThis study investigates daylighting design in Tunisian and Algerian mosques from the Ottoman era. It aims to constitute a daylight-based architectural design knowledge which might serve the built heritage preservation as well as supports contemporary environmentally friendly mosques’ and building design. An intensive literature review and a field work research have been undertaken in Tunisia and Algeria in order to survey daylighting devices in the Ottoman mosques era. Nine Tunisian and 14 Algerian mosques, from the Ottoman era, constitute the study corpus. First, an inventory of architectural components and their associated daylighting strategies was carried out. This collected data is then examined by means of a building conformation lecture based on typological, topological, and morphological analysis. This research reveals the existence of an interrelated set of daylighting devices and structural models governing rules in the Ottoman mosque model, site conditions, and previous local architectural styles.

Towards a Knowledge Based Approach to Style Driven Architecture Design

Abstract Nowadays, knowledge is the key to success in all software engineering processes. This valuable knowledge, obtained through analysis, design, development, and maintenance processes of the system, should be saved and reused in designing and developing current and similar systems. Using pre-existing knowledge is a practical approach which reduces design complexity, improves software architecture design and manages software quality. In this paper, we describe an approach to create architecture design knowledge using a hierarchical structure of architectural styles based on quality attributes. Knowledge is most importance asset of our approach that reuses similar domains, correlates architectures and reduces complexity by using and composing rules. Finally, we executed our approach on a standard case study.

Developing (architectural) design knowledge: A learner-researcher study

Abstract While design researchers use diverse approaches to study designing, non-designers face specific impediments in adopting these research approaches in their quest to gain design knowledge. Recognizing such challenges, this article outlines how an education academic engineered a first-person methodology to investigate the nature of designing. Through undertaking a learner-researcher study in an undergraduate architectural design basics subject, learning about design through learning to design, she tracked her developing design ideas and crystallized a view of architectural designing as a three-phase heuristic for value selection: imagining possibilities, interpreting ideas to form architectural principles and distilling quality. This article concludes by speculating on various research directions arising from this learner-researcher methodology and a view of designing as value selection and, in particular, provoking consideration of how similar developmental data might be collected and analysed for explanatory insights in diverse design and educational contexts.

소프트웨어 글로벌화를 위한 제품 라인 아키텍처 설계 기술

Abstract Software globalization is the supporting process of adapting computer software to different country and culture. Most efforts for software globalization have been focused on the development of software implementation techniques or tools. However, global software sold worldwide has different requirements implied by different contexts, and the difference of requirements may derive different architectural design. In this paper, we define such architectural design knowledge as knowledge models and propose a method for developing and using the knowledge models for software globalization. Also we use set-top box middleware systems for digital data broadcast to validate the applicability of the proposed models and methods. Key Words : Software globalization, product line architecture, design knowledge model, architectural design method, digital data broadcast. * 정회원, 한성대학교 정보시스템공학과접수일자: 2013년 2월 15일, 수정완료 2013년 3월 15일 게재확정일자: 2013년 4월 12일 Received: 15 Feburary 2013/ Revised: 15 March 2013 /Accepted: 12 April 2013

Knowledge representation of the software architecture design process based on situation calculus

AbstractSoftware architecture design is an interactive, complex, decision‐making process. Such a design process involves the exploration, evaluation, and composition of design alternatives. Increasingly, new computer‐aided tools are available to help designers in these complex activities. However, these tools do not know how design is actually done, in other words, by means of which design activities the final artefact was obtained. In fact, the architectural design knowledge exclusively rests in the mind of designers, and there is an urgent need to move it, as much as possible, to a computer‐supported environment that enables the capture of this type of knowledge. This contribution addresses this need by introducing a model for capturing how products under development are generated and transformed along the software architecture design process. The proposed model follows an operational perspective, where architectural design decisions are modelled by means of sequences of operations that are applied on the design products. Situation calculus is used to formally express the existence of an object in a given state of a design process. In addition, this formalism allows us expressing without ambiguities when an operation can be performed in a specific state of the design process.

Adapting ADA Architectural Design Knowledge for Universal Product Design Using Association Rule Mining: A Function Based Approach

This paper focuses on creating guidelines for the design of products for persons with disabilities that are applicable during early stages of design. The research uses the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) to formally describe user activity, the Functional Basis to describe product function, and the actionfunction diagram as a framework to create a detailed understanding of the interaction between a user and a product. The main objective of this paper is to explore the transferability of the knowledge contained in the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to universal product design. The design information contained in the ADA guidelines is abstracted using a function based approach; association rules are mined from this design information. The association rules obtained are statistically significant guidelines for universal design (UD). The existing examples of universal design are compared to their typical version to observe the design elements that improve the accessibility of a product. Association rules are also mined from the existing examples of universal design using the same methodology. Further, the applicability of ADA guidelines to universal product design is investigated based on the commonality between the association rules obtained from both the datasets. The results show that rules can be translated to a product having a degree of similarity based on the size and space relationship between the user and product without direct translation from an ADA based design guideline to a product design guideline.

Evaluasi Proses Penelusuran Literatur dan Penerapan Topik-Tema dalam Perancangan Arsitektur

Topics and themes become the key to open the insights of both theoretical and practical knowledge in architectural design; a concept in architectural design related issue as well. Ideally, the students of architecture do researches to generate new design ideas or proper design solutions. Prior to doing researches, it is necessary for them to find out how far the process of searches – literature review and application of topics and themes in the architectural design – have been done. This study was conducted with descriptive approach through case studies. The analysis unit is the final students of design studio class and students of the final project in the Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Binus University - Jakarta. The Results of the study illustrate that the architecture students of Binus University know and learn about the architecture research. However, they need the efforts to improve research skills, accurate literature searches, as well as exercise and evaluation of the implementation of topic-themes that started to be studied by students from the mid-level to theadvance-level. The results of this study will be inputs to support architectural design learning based on architectural research at the Department of Architecture, especially in Binus University.

Computational Environments with Multimodal Representations of Architectural Design Knowledge

This article discusses interaction between multimodal representations of architectural design knowledge, particularly focusing on relating explicit and implicit types of information. The aim of the presented research is to develop a computational environment that combines several modes of representation, including and integrating different forms of architectural design knowledge. Development of an interactive digital-models library and ontological model of architectural design factors are discussed, which are complementary in nature. In a time when BIM software is seen as embodiment of domain knowledge and the future medium of architectural design, this paper presents an interaction between ontological representation of architectural design knowledge and its embodiment in interactive models, thus focusing on the process of design and design space exploration. In the digital environments that we propose, representation of different formats of knowledge, such as visual, linguistic or numeric, are integrated with relational and procedural information, design rules, and characteristics. Interactive search and query based on contextual constraints, and parametric variation of the model based on the information received from ontology are the underlying drivers for design exploration and development.