Individual Knowledge Research Articles

The effect of knowledge and person-related factors on breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1/2) testing perception in Turkish women.

Genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility genes (BRCA1/2) plays a pivotal role in risk assessment and preventive interventions. However, individuals' awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward genetic testing can vary across different societies. This study focuses on understanding Turkish women's knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward BRCA1/2 testing, considering demographic factors and awareness. In this cross-sectional study, 301 Turkish participants, including breast/ovarian cancer patients and their first-degree relatives, were surveyed. Information on sociodemographics, cancer history, awareness, knowledge, and perceptions was collected. The study aimed to assess knowledge levels about breast cancer inheritance and BRCA1/2 testing, describe perspectives about testing in women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, and determine associations between knowledge, personal factors, anxiety, and genetic testing perspectives. Results showed a wide range in correct responses (31.6%-96.7%) for knowledge items. No significant relationship between knowledge levels and positive perception was observed. However, participants answering a specific question incorrectly showed higher negative perceptions. While most participants recognized the benefits of genetic testing, concerns centered around passing the genes to future generations. Participants who were younger, more educated, had higher income, were employed, at an earlier disease stage, and were social media users demonstrated more positive attitudes. Negative perceptions were higher among younger patients, physicians, and healthcare professionals. Interestingly, anxiety in cancer patients did not correlate with either positive or negative perceptions. In conclusion, this study identifies participant-related factors influencing perceptions of hereditary genetic tests. Understanding these factors and addressing associated issues can enhance the utilization of genetic testing and promote preventive oncology applications.

How Individual Factors Shape Innovative Work Behavior in Malaysian HEIs: The Role of Innovation Capability, Knowledge Sharing and Psychological Empowerment

This study investigates the factors driving academics' innovative work behavior (IWB) in Malaysian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), focusing on individual innovation capability, psychological empowerment, and knowledge sharing. The respondents comprised 382 academics from 24 Malaysian universities listed in the QS World Ranking 2023, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected via a Google Form questionnaire distributed by email. The descriptive analysis assessed individual innovation capabilities, psychological empowerment, and knowledge-sharing levels, and their impact on IWB. The findings indicate high engagement in innovative activities, with academics demonstrating strong innovative capabilities, a sense of empowerment, and active knowledge-sharing practices. These individual factors significantly contribute to fostering IWB, highlighting the importance of continuous professional development, supportive institutional environments, and collaborative cultures in promoting innovation within HEIs. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers and university administrators to enhance the innovative potential of academics, ultimately contributing to the advancement of knowledge and improvement of educational practices in Malaysian HEIs. Future research should explore longitudinal effects and potential moderating factors to further understand innovative work behavior dynamics in academic settings.

Молодежный сленг: восприятие глагольных заимствований носителями языка

This article presents the results of a psycholinguistic study aimed at determining the peculiarities of perception of English-language verb borrowings by Russian representatives of different age groups and professions. The research is based on the psycholinguistic theory of the word as a means of access to a single perceptual-cognitive-affective information base of a person and the concept of the specifics of the functioning of individual knowledge, developed by A.A. Zalevskaya. Quantitative indicators and qualitative analysis of the results obtained in the experiment made it possible to identify several groups of borrowed verbs depending on the level of their adaptation in the new language system. In addition, the experimental study was conducted in two stages (in the first part, stimuli were presented without context, in the second – in context), which allowed, during the analysis of the experimental results, to compare the characteristics of the identification of a borrowed English word by the subjects in a situational context and without it. The experimental material, English-language verb borrowings, is analyzed from the point of view of an individual using them: age, level of education, profession, level of knowledge /non- knowledge of a foreign language play an important role in the process of identifying words of youth slang. With age, the tolerant attitude towards borrowings decreases, while it turned out that representatives of the humanitarian professions are generally more tolerant of foreign language vocabulary than people who are professionally unrelated to language and cultural studies. With an increase in the level of education of the subjects, the speech adaptation of new borrowings is easier.

The Impact of the Clinical Pharmacist-Led Diabetes Education on the Knowledge and Attitude of Individuals with Type II Diabetes Mellitus: An Interventional Study.

Diabetes mellitus is a complex condition to manage. Patients with a greater understanding and knowledge of their condition might achieve better glycemic control than others. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacist-led diabetes education on the knowledge and attitude of individuals with type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study was a quasi-experimental study which was conducted at a diabetes clinic in Khartoum, Sudan. The study population was adult individuals with T2DM who attended the diabetes clinic. The estimated sample size was 182 participants. The participants were selected randomly by a simple random sampling method. The knowledge and attitudes of the participants were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study after 12 months. The intervention was carried out through educational materials about diabetes and medications for its treatment. The majority of the participants were females. The mean age was 54.5 (±10) years. Most participants had a family history of diabetes (69.2%). The mean knowledge score after the intervention was increased by 1.4 (±0.1) from baseline, p value (<0.001), while the mean attitude score was increased by 1.7 (±0.2) from baseline, p value (<0.001). At baseline, 14.8% of the participants had a high level of knowledge and 18.7% had a negative attitude, while after intervention for 12 months, 28.5% of them had a high level of knowledge and 16.8% had a negative attitude (p values < 0.001, 0.032, respectively). The knowledge of and attitudes towards diabetes differed significantly as a result of the educational program provided by the clinical pharmacist.

Exploring the Black Box of Knowledge Capture in Public Complaint Management

This paper examines the risk of knowledge loss in managing public complaints. Drawing upon the literature on public complaint management and knowledge management (KM), in-depth interviews were carried out with the Public Complaint Bureau (PCB), a government agency responsible for handling public complaints. Interview data was meticulously recorded and transcribed to elicit an understanding of prominent factors of knowledge capture and knowledge organisation in handling public complaints. Focus-group discussions were also carried out to generate further insights. Documentation such Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), circulars and public reports were scrutinised to corroborate interview data. Research findings strongly indicate that inadequate knowledge capture and organisation have created a ‘black box’ in public complaint management. This black box has led to an ambiguous operating environment for PCB employees, caused by knowledge dissipation and evaporation. These issues stem from diverse individual knowledge practices and poorly designed knowledge flows within the organisation, resulting in significant knowledge loss. This qualitative research is expected to benefit organisations, mainly the government in improving knowledge capture and organisation practices by critically considering implementing KM efforts to avoid severe knowledge loss. It will also benefit the academic community for future reference.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction surgery and postoperative care among recipients

BackgroundTo investigate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of individuals who underwent small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery and explore the influencing factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from June 21, 2023, to August 13, 2023, at Xiangyang Central Hospital. The participants were patients who had undergone SMILE surgery. The self-designed questionnaire had a Cronbach’s α = 0.849. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine the factors influencing the KAP scores.ResultsFinally, 485 valid questionnaires were analyzed. The median knowledge score was 14 (/17, 82.4%; IQR: 12–15). The median attitude score was 15 (/20, 75.0%; IQR: 14–16). The median practice score was 48 (/60, 80.0%; IQR: 42–54). The knowledge scores correlated to the attitude (r = 0.323, P < 0.001) and practice (r = 0.202, P < 0.001) scores, while the attitude scores correlated to the practice scores (r = 0.065, P < 0.001). College diploma (OR = 0.299, 95%CI: 0.110–0.812, P = 0.018), myopia for < 2 years (OR = 0.177, 95%CI: 0.060–0.526), and not receiving proper eye training (OR = 0.588, 95%CI: 0.402–0.862) were independently associated with knowledge. Being 19–30 years old (OR = 0.421, 95%CI: 0.235–0.756), being ≥ 31 years old (OR = 0.259, 95%CI: 0.111–0.601), myopia for 2–5 years (OR = 0.476, 95%CI: 0.232–0.978), myopia for 5–10 years (OR = 0.480, 95%CI: 0.263–0.875), and moderate myopia in the right eye (OR = 1.745, 95%CI: 1.024–2.974) were independently associated with attitude. Female gender (OR = 1.826, 95%CI: 1.196–2.787), being ≥ 31 years (OR = 2.587, 95%CI: 1.113–6.014), college diploma (OR = 3.436, 95%CI: 1.366–8.641), bachelor’s degree (OR = 2.826, 95%CI: 1.214–6.581), and not having proper eye training (OR = 0.458, 95%CI: 0.310–0.677) were independently associated with practice.ConclusionsPatients who underwent SMILE had high KAP regarding SMILE. This study identified KAP items that would warrant education.

Impact of in situ simulation training on quality of postnatal stabilization and resuscitation—a before-and-after, non-controlled quality improvement study

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of in situ simulation-based training on quality indicators of patient care at a level IV neonatal intensive care unit. A before-and-after, non-controlled quality improvement study was performed at the Division of Neonatology, Medical University of Graz. The educational intervention comprised a period of 4 months, with structured in situ simulation training delivered regularly for neonatal providers and nurses in interprofessional teams. The primary study outcome was the quality of non-technical skills and team interaction during actual postnatal stabilization and resuscitation. This was assessed using video recording during two 2-month observational phases before (pre-training) and after the educational intervention (post-training). Delivery room video recordings were assessed by two external, blinded neonatologists using the Anaesthetists’ Non-Technical Skills (ANTS) score. Furthermore, we collected clinical patient data from video-recorded neonates during the pre- and post-training periods, and training participants’ individual knowledge of neonatal resuscitation guidelines was assessed using a before- and after-questionnaire. A total of 48 healthcare professionals participated in 41 in situ simulation trainings. The level of non-technical skills and team interaction was already high in the pre-training period, and it did not further improve afterwards. Nonetheless, we observed a significant increase in the teamwork event “evaluation of plans” (0.5 [IQR 0.0–1.0] versus 1.0 [1.0–2.0], p = 0.049). Following the educational intervention, training participants’ knowledge of neonatal resuscitation guidelines significantly improved, although there were no differences in secondary clinical outcome parameters.Conclusion: We have successfully implemented a neonatal in situ simulation training programme. The observed improvement in one teamwork event category in the post-training period demonstrates the effectiveness of the training curriculum, while also showing the potential of in situ simulation training for improving postnatal care and, ultimately, patient outcome. What is Known:• In situ simulation-based training is conducted in the real healthcare environment, thus promoting experiential learning which is closely aligned with providers’ actual work.• In situ simulation-based training may offer an additional benefit for patient outcomes in comparison to other instructional methodologies.What is New:• This observational study investigated translational patient outcomes in preterm neonates before and after delivery of high-frequency in situ simulation-based training at a level IV neonatal intensive care unit.• There was a significant increase in the frequency of one major teamwork event following the delivery of in situ simulation-based training, indicating a notable improvement in the non-technical skills domain, which is closely linked to actual team performance.

Abstract B101: Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy toward cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer

Abstract Germline genetic testing for cancer risk offers opportunities for decision-making about screening and clinical risk management for individuals and their family members. Despite increasing availability of cancer genetic testing, Black individuals are still much less likely to receive or engage with testing compared to non-Hispanic white individuals. We sought to identify individual level factors influencing knowledge about and attitudes toward cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer. Participants included 925 women from the Black Women’s Health Study who had previously provided a biospecimen for research and were invited to have their cancer genetic research findings confirmed via a CLIA-certified laboratory and learn their results as part of a randomized controlled trial. Prior to confirmation testing, all women completed a baseline questionnaire about personal and family history of cancer; prior genetic testing for hereditary cancer; and knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in one’s ability to use genetic information (genetics self-efficacy). We used linear regression to evaluate individual-level factors influencing cancer genetics knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy. Overall, mean knowledge score was 12.3 out of 16 (SD, 2.5); there were no differences in knowledge score between women who had a personal history of breast cancer and those who did not. While the majority of women answered most questions correctly, 20-30% of women were unable to correctly answer questions about validity of test results, clinical implications of a variant of uncertain significance, and legal protections against health insurance discrimination. Younger age, higher educational attainment, being married, and having had prior genetic testing were statistically significant predictors of higher total knowledge score. There were no differences in mean knowledge scores by first degree family history of breast cancer or personal history of breast or other cancer. Predictors of favorable attitudes and genetics self-efficacy included younger age, higher educational attainment, and being married. Women with a personal history of breast cancer had somewhat more favorable attitudes toward genetic testing compared to those with no prior history of breast cancer. In multivariable adjusted models, higher total knowledge was associated with more favorable attitudes and higher self-efficacy. In this cohort of highly educated Black women, overall cancer genetics knowledge was relatively high; however, evaluation of individual knowledge questions revealed opportunities for improvement in specific areas. Older women, those with lower educational attainment, and women who are not married or living as married may benefit from more targeted education about genetic cancer testing. Further, despite the role genetic testing currently plays in guiding cancer treatment, Black women who had breast cancer did not have higher knowledge scores than those without breast cancer and therefore may also benefit from targeted education. Citation Format: Kimberly A. Bertrand, Michelle Trevino-Talbot, Maggie Rudderman, Maureen Flynn, Howard J. Cabral, Julie R. Palmer, Catharine Wang. Knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy toward cancer genetic testing among Black women with and without breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B101.

A Pilot Study from A Course-Based Undergraduate Research Experience for Online Degree-Seeking Astronomy Students

Research-based active learning approaches are critical for the teaching and learning of undergraduate STEM majors. Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs) are becoming more commonplace in traditional, in-person academic environments, but have only just started to be utilized in online education. Online education has been shown to create accessible pathways to knowledge for individuals from nontraditional student backgrounds, and increasing the diversity of STEM fields has been identified as a priority for future generations of scientists and engineers. We developed and instructed a rigorous, six-week curriculum on the topic of observational astronomy, dedicated to educating second year online astronomy students in practices and techniques for astronomical research. Throughout the course, the students learned about telescopes, the atmosphere, filter systems, adaptive optics systems, astronomical catalogs, and image viewing/processing tools. We developed a survey informed by previous research validated assessments aimed to evaluate course feedback, course impact, student self-efficacy, student science identity and community values, and student sense of belonging. The survey was administered at the conclusion of the course to all eleven students yielding eight total responses. Although preliminary, the results of our analysis indicate that students’ confidence in utilizing the tools and skills taught in the course was significant. Students also felt a great sense of belonging to the astronomy community and increased confidence in conducting astronomical research in the future.

INSTITUTIONAL ART CRITICISM IN 20TH- AND 21ST-CENTURY IN KAZAKHSTAN

The independence of Kazakhstan and its state sovereignty became important reforming factors in the new social fabric and worldview of the nation, its culture and art, the main component of which is the replacement of former political ideals and the mythologization of its own past. In Kazakhstan, official and unofficial art lives side by side and is displayed in various exhibition venues, which avoids a mindset of opposition and allows for art historians and curators to create divisions by preference. In Kazakhstan, there is a long-overdue need for serious comprehension of, and fixation on, artistic initiatives. Here, we are not regarding ‘fixation’ as the photography and videography of events; we need something different – analysis of the work of individual researchers, painting a picture of the direction of research and the development of the creative side of art criticism institutions in Kazakhstan. This article is an attempt to understand the realities of 21st-century Kazakhstani fine art. It is important to determine the most important institutions and bring the achievements of art criticism in Kazakhstan to the global community, based on the work of individual researchers. Aiming to grasp and examine the main directions and goals of contemporary art critics, we have discovered the individual directions and themes of leading researchers, which serves as a basis for the revealing the characteristic traits of art criticism in Kazakhstan through the prism of individual knowledge and passions.

Evaluation of the Turkish Population's Knowledge about Dental Implants

Aim: Dental implants have become the most preferred treatment method for tooth loss. The aim of this study is to evaluate the knowledge and preferences of individuals living in Turkey regarding dental implants. Material and Method: In this research, a multiple-choice questionnaire was administered to assess individuals' knowledge levels and reasons for preference concerning dental implants. The survey was conducted online among men and women aged 18-79 who had never undergone implant treatment, residing in various provinces of Turkey. The statistical analysis of the obtained data was performed using the SPSS program and the chi-square test. Results: A total of 429 individuals participated in the study, including 196 men (45.7%) and 233 women (54.3%). Of the participants, 47.9% learned about the concept of dental implants from dentists, and 57.6% reported having partial knowledge. A majority of 67.7% preferred to have implant treatment performed by a specialist dentist. 87.8% believed that dental implants are not harmful to health after treatment. Most participants indicated that the most crucial factor in the preference for implants is the dentist's recommendation (54.2%). Conclusion: This study provides significant data for understanding the knowledge levels and factors influencing the preferences of individuals regarding dental implants. While highlighting the critical role of dentists in providing information and guidance, it also underscores the need to increase awareness about dental implants among the general population. Accordingly, broader informational and educational efforts are necessary to promote more widespread and correct application of dental implant treatments.

Drivers of Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Brand Communities: Self-Determination Perspective

ABSTRACT The prevalence of virtual brand communities and the knowledge sharing occurring throughout these populations has become a staple of both business and consumer online realities. Expanding work on personal motivations, and guided by self-determination theory, this research explores autonomous and relatedness motivations that drive individual knowledge sharing within online communities. The authors argue that such knowledge sharing can be fostered by many drivers, including self-presentation factors, brand community engagement elements, user attitude toward the brand, user reputation, size of community network, and reciprocity from other community members. Analysis was conducted using data collected longitudinally from 2866 club members of Xiaomi’s online MI User Interface community in China. Results reveal that personal signature, post length, online time, login frequency, brand attitude, reputation, online social network, and reciprocity all positively affect individual knowledge sharing within the virtual brand community, while the use of picture posts may have adverse effects and impact knowledge sharing negatively.

From Appreciating to Disrupting: Interrogating Equity-Centered Syllabi for Middle Grades Teacher Preparation

The researchers used Gorski’s continuum of five approaches to multicultural education—which extends from conservative to liberal and then critical—to analyze 40 syllabi from required or elective courses for candidates seeking licensure to teach in the middle grades (grades 4–9). While the researchers found evidence of all five approaches within the syllabi, most syllabi fell under the liberal approach, emphasizing the understanding of individual learners and cultural responsiveness as the purpose of equity-based work. Following syllabi coding, the researchers conducted nine semi-structured interviews to member-check and analyze to what extent respondents perceived their syllabi as matching their instruction. In addition, the researchers identified four factors for limiting equity-orientations in the syllabi and in teaching the courses themselves: national and state standards, institutional requirements, sociopolitical context, and individual knowledge. While the researchers identified strengths in equity-oriented middle level teacher preparation syllabi, they also illuminate the need to move the focus in syllabi more consistently from appreciating diversity to disrupting oppressive systems.

Impact of a Health Promotion Program on Knowledge, Physical Health, Mental Health, and Social Health Behaviors in Individuals at Risk for Colorectal Cancer

Impact of a Health Promotion Program on Knowledge, Physical Health, Mental Health, and Social Health Behaviors in Individuals at Risk for Colorectal Cancer

Multilevel barriers to guideline implementation: a nationwide multi-professional cross-sectional study within child and adolescent psychiatry

BackgroundDespite efforts to promote guideline use, guideline adoption is often suboptimal due to failure to identify and address relevant barriers. Barriers vary not only between guidelines but also between settings, intended users, and targeted patients. Multi-professional guidelines are often used in child and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS), making the implementation process more difficult. Despite this, there is a lack of knowledge about which barriers to consider or if barriers vary by profession. The aim of this study was to address these gaps by examining barriers to adopting a multi-professional depression guideline in the context of a nationwide implementation study.Methods440 CAMHS clinicians across Sweden (52%) completed the Barriers and Facilitators Assessment Instrument (BFAI) ahead of an implementation endeavour. BFAI is a widely used and validated measure of guideline implementation on four scales: Innovation, Provider, Context, and Patient. Barriers were calculated at scale and at item levels. ANOVA and chi-square tests were used to analyse differences by profession and effect sizes were calculated.ResultsOverall, clinicians were optimistic about guideline uptake, particularly about guideline characteristics and their own adoption ability. Barriers were related to the patient and the context domains, as well as to individual clinician knowledge and training. Perceptions differed across professions; psychiatrists were most, and counsellors were least positive about guideline embeddedness.ConclusionThis large-scale quantitative study suggests that CAMHS clinicians have an overall favourable attitude towards guideline adoption but highlights the need for adaptations to certain patient groups. Strategies to improve guideline use should primarily address these patient issues while securing proper support to the implementation. Implementation efforts, particularly those targeting staff knowledge, training, and involvement, may benefit from being tailored to different professional needs. These findings may inform implementation projects in CAMHS and future research.

“I don’t need my kid to be high”: prioritizing harm reduction when using cannabis during pregnancy

BackgroundCannabis is the most common illicit substance used in pregnancy. As use continues to increase, understanding peoples’ behaviors surrounding cannabis use during pregnancy is needed to improve maternal and child health outcomes. The aim of this study was to better understand pregnant individuals' perceptions and knowledge of cannabis use and use patterns as well as the social and environmental factors that may influence their use.MethodsWe conducted interviews with 19 participants between December 2022 and March 2023. Individuals self-identified as BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, People of Color), were over 21 years of age, spoke English or Spanish, resided in California, and had used cannabis during pregnancy in the last 0–2 years. Using qualitative, constructivist grounded theory methods, we analyzed the contexts that contributed to participants’ lived experiences surrounding cannabis use behaviors during pregnancy.ResultsParticipants reported making conscious decisions to responsibly manage their cannabis use during pregnancy to minimize potential harm to the fetus. Participants prioritized making what they perceived to be safer adjustments to their use of cannabis: (1) changing the amount of cannabis used, (2) changing the types of cannabis products used, and (3) changing sources of cannabis procurement.DiscussionOur findings show that pregnant individuals are seeking information about safe cannabis use beyond medical supervision and are open to altering their cannabis consumption patterns. However, they are unable to find trustworthy and evidence-based harm reduction practices which can be implemented to mitigate harm to their unborn children. A harm reduction approach is needed in the field of maternal cannabis use to promote positive maternal and fetal health outcomes.ConclusionsMore data is needed on comprehensive harm reduction approaches to cannabis use during pregnancy. This requires implementation of education on these topics in healthcare settings presented by prenatal care clinicians.

Scaffolding Team Minds: Using Metacognitive Training to Boost Social Cognition and Theory of Mind for Effective Collaborative Problem-Solving

Effective teamwork requires both individual domain-specific knowledge and social cognitive skills. In this paper, we discuss a theoretical approach that incorporates metacognitive training to enhance social cognition and theory of mind within teams. By using scaffolding techniques to address cognitive biases, we aim to facilitate efficient collaborative problem-solving. Our goal is to develop individual and team metacognitive awareness in social contexts through various interventions implemented during the preparation, execution, and reflection stages of training. We suggest that metacognitive strategies implemented during team training can enhance individuals’ ability to navigate social interactions and understand others’ perspectives. This approach provides a foundation for researchers interested in studying methods to improve collaboration, for teams seeking to enhance interpersonal understanding, and beneficial for those creating interventions to reduce social cognitive biases and improve theory of mind within collaborative problem-solving scenarios.

Pengaruh Pendidikan Kesehatan terhadap Pengetahuan Pra Lansia Tentang Komplikasi Diabetes Mellitus di Poli Penyakit dalam RSUD Palangka Raya

Steps to optimize treatment adherence and care are implemented through health education for patients. Health education is crucial because Diabetes Mellitus is a lifestyle-related disease, necessitating increased knowledge. In the research location, it was found that pre-elderly individuals diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus were routinely undergoing treatment, but their blood sugar levels remained unstable. Additionally, they rarely engaged in physical activity, their Diabetes Mellitus diet was uncontrolled, and they often did not regularly take diabetes medication. If left unaddressed, this could lead to complications. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of health education on the knowledge of pre-elderly individuals about Diabetes Mellitus complications at the internal medicine clinic of Palangka Raya General Hospital. Method: This study used a Pre-Experimental design with a one-group pre- and post-test approach. The sampling technique was purposive sampling, with 60 respondents. Results: Based on the Wilcoxon test results, a p-value of 0.000 was obtained, indicating a significance level of p &lt; 0.05, meaning Ha was accepted. This shows that there is an effect of health education on the knowledge of pre-elderly individuals regarding Diabetes Mellitus complications at the internal medicine clinic of Palangka Raya General Hospital. Conclusion: There is an effect of health education on the knowledge of pre-elderly individuals about Diabetes Mellitus complications. This study can be used as a source of information and to establish a counseling corner for providing health education on a weekly basis.

Knowledge and beliefs about lung cancer screening among Black individuals at high risk: a qualitative approach.

Despite its efficacy in reducing lung cancer (LC)-specific mortality by 20%, screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) in eligible groups remains low (5-16%). Black individuals are more commonly affected by LC than other racial/ethnic groups in the United States (U.S.) but less likely to undergo LC screening (LCS). Our study aimed to explore the knowledge and beliefs of Black individuals at high risk regarding LCS. Black individuals (n=17) who met the 2021 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) LCS eligibility criteria were recruited in upstate New York. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted, audio recorded, and transcribed to explore knowledge and beliefs that could influence the uptake of LCS. A qualitative thematic analysis method was used to identify and analyze themes within the data. We identified principal themes about LC and LCS. Although most participants reported that smoking was the major risk factor for LC, some participants placed more emphasis on other factors as the major risk factors for LC and de-emphasized the role of smoking. Most participants were not aware that screening for LC existed. Several barriers and facilitators for LCS were identified. Awareness about LCS among Black individuals is low. Addressing barriers may help increase LCS rates among Black individuals, ultimately reducing their LC mortality. The findings from our study have important implications in designing more effective interventions involving community health workers and healthcare clinicians to increase LCS uptake among Black individuals at high risk.

The emergence and use of expanded carrier screening in gamete donation: A new form of repro-genetic selection.

With the continued expansion and commercialisation of fertility treatments, the selection and matching of donors have become more sophisticated and technologised. As part of this landscape, new form of genetic screening: 'expanded carrier screening' (ECS) is being offered as a technique to avoid the risk of donors passing on genetic conditions to future offspring. Allowing donors to be tested for hundreds of genetic conditions simultaneously, ECS marks a considerable departure from traditional 'family history' models of screening, which rely on an individual's knowledge of family health. There is growing evidence of a drive towards the use of ECS within the fertility sector, and a growing number of clinics are offering it for a fee, as part of an egg or sperm donation cycle or as an add-on to IVF treatment. In this article, we use methods of critical reflection to synthesise data from two studies to explore how ECS is being used to avoid genetic risk in IVF treatment using donor gametes. We suggest that ECS is a new form of repro-genetic selection-a selective reproductive technology-with specific and important implications for donors, recipients and clinicians and with the potential to reconfigure the scope and application of gamete donation. We examine these implications and conclude that the existing policy blind spot relating to this development in fertility treatment practice needs to be urgently addressed.