Scientific Knowledge Research Articles

Analisis Etnosains dalam Tradisi Ngawuwuh di Kabupaten Garut untuk Pembelajaran IPA

This study aims to examine the Community Knowledge of the Ngawuwuh Tradition through an Ethnoscience Approach. Ethnoscience is an approach that involves the reconstruction of indigenous knowledge into scientific knowledge. The research method employed is descriptive qualitative research. Data collection was conducted through observation, interviews, and literature review. The results of the study indicate that the Ngawuwuh Tradition has various benefits and values of goodness. The indigenous knowledge of the community regarding the Ngawuwuh tradition is obtained from experiences passed down through generations. Based on the scientific analysis, the integration of the Ngawuwuh Tradition as a form of local wisdom is found to have relevance to the science curriculum at the junior high school level, thereby making it a meaningful learning resource for students. Keyword: Ethnoscience; Science Education; Spice Beverage

Perceived drivers of the Ebola virus disease outbreak in Mubende and Kassanda districts, Uganda: a qualitative study

IntroductionDuring the most recent Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Uganda, a cluster of community deaths with epidemiological linkages to the first reported case were identified to have occurred in...

Assessing scientific knowledge on Ecuadorian bony fishes from a scientometric perspective.

Bony fishes play a pivotal role in Ecuador's social, economic, and ecological aspects. However, the current state of scientific knowledge on this group remains poorly understood. This study aims to assess the scientific output related to Ecuadorian bony fishes, identifying both well-researched and understudied areas. A scientometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, evaluating 265 peer-reviewed publications on marine and freshwater bony fishes. The results revealed that 55.5% of studies focused on marine environments, 41.9% on freshwater ecosystems, and 2.6% on mixed environments. The earliest study was published more than 130 years ago, with a marked increase in research output since 2018. Geographic and regional disparities in research efforts were evident, with the Galapagos Islands hosting the highest number of studies at the provincial level and the coastal region leading in regional publications. Additionally, there has been a notable increase in the participation of women in research over time; however, it remains significantly below parity. English was the dominant language in these publications. On average, the delay between data collection and publication was 8.43 years, which may lead to outdated or ineffective management decisions. This underscores the importance of continually updating data to ensure the accuracy of conservation status assessments. Both marine and freshwater species that were endemic have been less studied compared to non-endemic species. Most of the studied species were categorized as "least concern," although a significant proportion of species classified as "data deficient" have started to be investigated by Ecuadorian researchers. The categories "endangered" and "near threatened" were the least studied, highlighting the urgent need for conservation initiatives targeting these vulnerable taxa. Biases in the number of studies among families, species, and geographic distribution indicate the need to expand research efforts to underrepresented taxa and regions. This analysis underscores the necessity of diversifying methodologies and broadening the research focus to more comprehensively address the challenges associated with the conservation and management of bony fishes in Ecuador.

Legal liability for theft under martial law: substantive and procedural aspects

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to analyze changes to criminal legislation and legislation on administrative liability for the secret theft of someone else’s property, further judicial practice on this issue. To identify certain trends in the application by courts of legislation establishing liability for theft under martial law. To analyze the specified changes for their relevance and compliance with the basic principles of liability. The basis for such analysis is the practice of the courts of Ukraine, which is posted in the Unified Register of Court Decisions and previous theses of the author’s conferences, covering individual aspects of the problem under study. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive review and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. The following methods of scientific knowledge were used during the study: terminological, systemic and structural, comparative legal and analytical methods (when analyzing and comparing existing judicial practice for several years). Results: During the research, it was recognized that changes to the legislation that provide for legal liability for the secret theft of someone else’s property are hasty, unfounded, and create new problems in law enforcement practice without solving existing ones. Originality. The research found that legislative work on legal liability, as a prerequisite for proper law enforcement, needs to be improved. The research perspective indicated that changes prompted by public demand did not respond to this demand, but were essentially a populist solution. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in lawmaking activities to develop the necessary changes to the current legislation of Ukraine on criminal and administrative liability, as well as to continue further theoretical research in this area.

Public administration bodies in the sphere of health protection of Ukraine

Purpose. The purpose of the work is to study the current state of the activities of state bodies, which, according to their functional powers, are called to ensure the fulfillment of state tasks in the field of health care of Ukraine. Methodology. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of the available scientific and theoretical material and the formulation of relevant conclusions and recommendations. During the research, the following methods of scientific knowledge were used: logical-semantic, comparative-legal, system-structural and statistical, analysis and synthesis. The results. In the process of research, the system of public administration bodies in the sphere of health care of Ukraine is outlined. The author emphasizes that among a significant number of public and private law bodies which are designed to ensure the realization of the right of citizens to healthcare in Ukraine, the key subjects of administrative and legal regulation of relations in the healthcare sector are executive authorities and their officials. Without diminishing the role of private law entities, it is worth emphasizing that it is the executive authorities, as public law entities, which are entrusted with the main tasks of ensuring and practical implementation of administrative and legal regulation of the citizen’s right to healthcare. The author emphasizes that a significant number of subjects of administrative law can be attributed to public administration bodies in the field of healthcare in Ukraine. The author emphasizes that in the doctrine of administrative law, in addition to the category of “public administration”, such categories as “public management” and “public administration” are used, and there are also different points of view regarding their definition and correlation. The author analyzes the scientific opinions on the category of “public administration” and the activities of public administration entities in the healthcare sector. Bodies of special sectoral competence have been established, as well as the fact that the State Service of Ukraine for Food Safety and Consumer Protection is an interdisciplinary subject of public administration in the field of health care. Practical significance. The results of the study can be used in the scientific and research field – as a basis for further research related to the improvement of the activities of public administration bodies in the field of health care, in law enforcement activities – to improve the practical activities of subjects ensuring the implementation of the right to health care.

Manuscript Sources and Medial Transfer in the Research of Early Modern Disputations: From Administration to Exchange of Knowledge

The scholarship of early modern disputations has concentrated on printed theses, since they are one of the most common types of prints in the era. Although preserved minutes transcribing what was said while these theses were discussed are rare, this article argues that it is worth giving due consideration to such manuscript sources when it comes to researching this very topic. Endeavouring to investigate Catholic and Protestant examples from Central Europe between 1580 and 1660, I explore four areas where handwritten documents, such as university records and student notebooks, have the potential to nuance our understanding of different traditions pertaining to disputation. In comparison to the printed disputations typical for Protestant Europe, manuscripts with Catholic and Jesuit provenance reveal a different function of scholarly debates, which were less focused on the individual performance of the respondent and served more as a method of recapitulation in everyday education. Protestant examples, on the other hand, demonstrate that disputations played a distinguished role in the exchange of scientific knowledge and expertise. During the process of professors and students conveying information from their homeland to university centres and back, disputations changed medium from print to manuscript, and vice versa.

Implementation of sustainability and circular economy aiming for performance in the context of Industry 4.0 projects

This research aims to provide an up-to-date overview of the scientific knowledge produced through publications that associate sustainability, the circular economy, and performance in the context of Industry 4.0 projects. For this purpose, a systematic and bibliometric review was conducted using articles published in the Scopus database from 2013 to 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined, resulting in 61 selected articles. The results show that studies focus on the areas of environmental science, business, management, accounting, and engineering. Additionally, they indicate that research on these topics has grown exponentially in recent years, evolving and deepening significantly during this period. This study directly contributes to researchers seeking references, concepts, gaps, and trends in research on these topics, as well as to managers interested in implementing sustainability and the circular economy, ensuring or even enhancing the performance of their companies through disruptive projects that utilize Industry 4.0 technologies.

Mapping Disciplinary Competencies and Learning Outcomes to the Competency-Based Veterinary Education Framework Using Veterinary Pharmacology as an Example.

The competency-based veterinary education (CBVE) framework describes essential domains of competence and related abilities for veterinary graduates. Translating these outcomes into daily teaching is a challenge, particularly regarding the underpinning basic and clinical science knowledge. In this article, we identified a lack of specific reference to the selection and use of drugs within the CBVE framework; this requires pharmacological knowledge and pharmacology-specific competencies. To fill the gap and provide guidance to veterinary pharmacology educators, we first identified competencies within the CBVE framework relevant to the field of veterinary pharmacology. We then mapped the Day One competencies in veterinary pharmacology published by Werners and Fajt in 2021 to the pharmacology-relevant CBVE competencies. This exercise has led to identifying gaps, redundancies, and a lack of reference to clinical practice within the Day One competencies in veterinary pharmacology, as well as gaps and ambiguous wording within the CBVE framework. Further research is necessary to update the Day One competencies in veterinary pharmacology, align basic and clinical pharmacology concepts and skills with the CBVE framework, embed pharmacology-specific competencies into teaching, and identify progression milestones that guide students toward safe prescribing and the appropriate and effective use of drugs.

Representation of Natural Disasters in Literature: from Mythological Tales to Modern Narratives

This study explores the evolution of literary representations of natural disasters, tracing their transformation from mythological to scientific interpretations across various cultures and historical periods. Natural disasters have significantly influenced human cultures, belief systems, and literary traditions, serving as both cautionary tales and reflections of societal values. By examining key literary works – from ancient texts like the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh to contemporary climate fiction – this research highlights pivotal shifts in how societies understand and depict catastrophic events. The analysis identifies themes such as the transition from supernatural explanations to naturalistic interpretations, the increasing emphasis on human agency in environmental crises, and the nuanced portrayals of resilience in the face of disaster. Notable literary figures, including Dante, Shakespeare, and modern authors like John Steinbeck, Kim Stanley Robinson, Julian Barns and others illustrate these trends, showing how narratives have adapted to reflect contemporary scientific knowledge and environmental awareness. This article also deals with the vital role literature plays in shaping societal perceptions of nature and disaster, revealing deeper cultural and intellectual shifts. By bridging historical literary analysis and current ecological concerns, the study demonstrates how narratives can foster a deeper understanding of humanity's relationship with the natural world and inform responses to ongoing environmental challenges. Ultimately, this research emphasizes the importance of literary discourse in addressing the urgent issues posed by climate change and natural disasters in the 21st century.

Słowianie jako INNI Europejczycy. Egzostereotypy Słowian i wartości słowiańskich w opinii zagranicznych studentów krakowskiej europeistyki

SLAVS AS THE OTHER EUROPEANS. SLAVIC EXO-STEREOTYPES AND VALUES IN THE EYES OF INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS OF EUROPEAN STUDIES IN KRAKÓW Slavs make an important ethnographic metacategory, pointing the largest ethnolinguistic group in ethnos-rich Europe. The cultural identity of the Slavs is a mosaic of many communities, historically linked to territories from Moscow in the east to Cologne in the west, and from Danzig to Athens. In modern Europe, however, Slavicness has lost its political significance and has moved to the background of European identities. At the same time, proto-Slavic themes do not cease to be the subject of reconstructions and romantic stylisations, and proto- Slavic beliefs and customs provide further inspiration for pop-cultural productions. The text describes the results of a survey of international students in European Studies. The analysis is based on a questionnaire (20 respondents) and 2 focus interviews, conducted with 2 groups of the youngest and the most senior students. The surveyed students mostly represent cultural models belonging to the broadly defined circle of Western values. The aim of the analysis was to reconstruct the identity of Slavs as seen from the outside, as well as to reconstruct the proportion between common, stereotypical beliefs and scientific knowledge among students of European Studies.

Study on Public Perceptions and Disaster Prevention Framework of Tunnel Fires Based on Social Media and Artificial Intelligence

To investigate public perceptions regarding tunnel fire disasters and optimize the tunnel fire disaster prevention framework, this study takes the emerging social media platform Douyin as a case study, conducting an in-depth analysis of 2133 short videos related to tunnel fires on the platform. A computational communication method was used for analysis, Latent Dirichlet Allocation was used to cluster the discussion topics of these tunnel fire short videos, and a spatiotemporal evolution analysis of the number of videos posted, user comments, and emotional inclinations across different topics was performed. The findings reveal that there is a noticeable divergence in public opinion regarding emergency decision making in tunnel fires, related to the complexity of tunnel fire incidents, ethical dilemmas in tunnel fire escape scenarios, and insufficient knowledge popularization of fire safety practices. The study elucidates the public’s actual needs during tunnel fire incidents, and a dynamic disaster prevention framework for tunnel fires based on social media and artificial intelligence is proposed on this basis to enhance emergency response capabilities. Utilizing short videos on social media, the study constructs a critical target dataset under real tunnel fire scenarios. It proposes a computer vision-based model for identifying critical targets in tunnel fires. This model can accurately and in real-time identify key targets such as fires, smoke, vehicles, emergency exits, and people in real tunnel fire environments, achieving an average detection precision of 77.3%. This research bridges the cognitive differences between the general public and professionally knowledgeable tunnel engineers regarding tunnel fire evacuation, guiding tunnel fire emergency responses and personnel evacuation.

Analysis of queries to a Swedish drug information centre identifies scientific knowledge gaps

Drug Information Centres (DICs) are providing clinicians with evidence-based support for rational drug treatment. However, knowledge gaps in the literature may hinder DICs from offering optimal guidance. This study examined the extent and nature of these knowledge gaps and their impact on clinical pharmacological advice, using real-world query data from a Swedish regional DIC. Data from 2022 at the Sahlgrenska University Hospital were analysed, focusing on queries outside off-label prescriptions and pharmaceutical aspects. A qualitative text content analysis identified phrases indicating a lack of evidence. Responses were categorized by the presence of these signalling phrases and the presence or absence of knowledge gaps. Among 209 responses, the majority were patient-specific (79%), posed by physicians (95%), and often related to adverse effects (37%). The analysis revealed that 23% of the responses had scientific knowledge gaps, and in 18% of the responses, no clinical pharmacological advice could be provided. Knowledge gaps were particularly associated with queries on adverse effects, long-term medication safety, specific patient cases and comorbidities, drug comparisons, or patient populations with limited literature coverage. This analysis highlights the potential of DICs to identify unmet clinical needs in drug treatment and to promote research for evidence-based, patient-centred drug treatment.

Electromagnetic Field Bio-Medical Effects Researches in Russia over 130 Years: The Main Stages of the Scientific Knowledge Grows

We analyzed the key stages in the scientific history for electromagnetic field bio-medical effects researches in Russia over 130 years. Has been proven the continuity of scientific knowledge about EMF biological effects and it transmission from one generation of scientists to the next because to exist of scientific schools, the systematic research and national scientific coordination. The main attention is paid to the period of formation of planned EMF health research, when the basic methodological principles were found and so as fundamental scientific basics for understanding the nature of EMF biological effects and their influence for health. The Russian scientists fundamental conceptions about the mechanism of the electromagnetic field biological action and the principles of its hygienic regulation are summarized.

A bibliometric analysis on the effects of land use change on fire dynamics: current status and progress

Bibliometrics has been widely applied across various scientific domains as a valuable tool to assess scientific evolution and identify developmental trends. Fire ecology, an emerging field, represents a significant ecological and evolutionary force that regulates populations and communities across time and space. Consequently, studies on how anthropogenic land use changes have altered fire regimes are increasing. This study seeks to analyze the evolution, geographical distribution, and collaboration patterns of scientific knowledge to understand trends in the literature and the primary conceptual and methodological foundations underlying research on land use change impacts on fire dynamics. Using the SCOPUS database, we employed bibliometric tools to examine key descriptive patterns in the literature. Co-occurrence networks were applied to identify scientific advancements based on titles, abstracts, and keywords, while a detailed analysis of 10% of the most cited articles offered insight into prevalent methodologies. We identified 295 relevant publications, with the United States and Brazil leading the research, highlighting substantial cooperation between these two countries. Among the authors, Shimabukuro Y. was the most prolific. Remote Sensing was the predominant journal for publication. Analysis of co-occurrence networks and the most cited articles indicated extensive use of satellite data, with applications in mapping and monitoring burned areas and identifying factors driving the emergence and shifts in fire regimes.

Re-Assessing the Experiment / Observation-Divide

Abstract The article reevaluates the distinction between experiment and observation. It is first argued that to get clear on what role observation plays in the generation of scientific knowledge, we need to distinguish “experiential observation” as a concept closely connected to experience from “observation” in a technical sense and from “field observation” as a concept that reasonably contrasts with “experiment.” It is then argued that observation construed as field observation can enjoy systematic epistemic advantages over experiment, contrary to appearances.

A synergy of participatory design and indigenous knowledge to address rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation challenges of Sadivayal village, Tamil Nadu, India

ABSTRACT This research employed a participatory co-design approach to improve sustainable agricultural practices in Sadivayal village, Tamil Nadu. Smallholder tribal farmers faced challenges like pest vulnerability, middlemen influence, and limited awareness of sustainable rice production technologies. The COVID-19 pandemic worsened these issues, leading many farmers to lease their land to middlemen who practiced chemically intensive farming. This created confusion, as farmers were uncertain whether to let middlemen continue or switch to chemically intensive farming themselves, abandoning traditional methods. The study involved farmers in defining problems, planning interventions, and conducting treatment demonstrations, integrating indigenous and scientific knowledge. Three treatments including organic, chemically intensive, and integrated farming were tested on four indigenous rice varieties and one commercial variety (CO55). Results showed CO55 was preferred due to its high-yielding capacity (4622 kg ha−1) and drought avoidance due to short duration (121 days), while Karuppu Kavuni was valued for its pest and disease resistance. Seeraga Samba was the least preferred due to high pest susceptibility and poor yield (1828 kg ha-1). Farmers favored a combination of organic and inorganic practices, and the study has led to the adoption of CO55 (54%), Karuppu Kavuni (24%), and Mappilai Samba (12%) in the 2023 season. The study features the value of participatory approaches in addressing local challenges and promoting sustainable farming practices.

High-Throughput Single-Cell Analysis of Local Nascent Protein Deposition in 3D Microenvironments via Extracellular Protein Identification Cytometry (EPIC).

Extracellular matrix (ECM) guides cell behavior and tissue fate. Cell populations are notoriously heterogeneous leading to large variations in cell behavior at the single-cell level. Although insights into population heterogeneity are valuable for fundamental biology, regenerative medicine, and drug testing, current ECM analysis techniques only provide either averaged population-level data or single-cell data from a limited number of cells. Here, extracellular protein identification cytometry (EPIC) is presented as a novel platform technology that enables high-throughput measurements of local nascent protein deposition at single-cell level. Specifically, human primary chondrocytes are microfluidically encapsulated in enzymatically crosslinked microgels of 16 picoliter at kHz rates, forming large libraries of discrete 3D single-cell microniches in which ECM can be deposited. ECM proteins are labeled using fluorescence immunostaining to allow for nondestructive analysis via flow cytometry. This approach reveals population heterogeneity in matrix deposition at unprecedented throughput, allowing for the identification and fluorescent activated cell sorting-mediated isolation of cellular subpopulations. Additionally, it is demonstrated that inclusion of a second cell into microgels allows for studying the effect of cell-cell contact on matrix deposition. In summary, EPIC enables high-throughput single-cell analysis of nascent proteins in 3D microenvironments, which is anticipated to advance fundamental knowledge and tissue engineering applications.

Determination of antimicrobial resistance genes in patients with infected miscarriage. A rapid identification and optimized empirical therapy

BACKGROUND: The infectious factor during pregnancy remains the leading cause not only of maternal mortality, but also of premature pregnancy loss and subsequent reproductive function impairment. Patients with infected miscarriage represent a special cohort in terms of complexity of clinical decision-making, while the choice of antimicrobial chemotherapy is particularly difficult in conditions of accumulation of scientific knowledge about the main microbial agents. For adequate treatment, it is essential to use all modern methods of microbiota diagnosis and conduct regular monitoring of microorganism resistance in order to update empirical schemes of antibacterial therapy. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation relationship between antimicrobial resistance genes and identified microbial agents in patients with infected miscarriage in order to optimize empirical antimicrobial chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We prospectively studied 42 samples of genital tract discharge in patients with infected miscarriage. The classical culture method was used to determine microorganism sensitivity to standard antibacterial drugs by the disc diffusion test. A molecular genetic study of the species composition of clinically significant microbial agents and genes of resistance to β-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics was performed using Femoflor Screen and BakRezista GLA test systems (“DNA-Technology” LLC., Russia), respectively. RESULTS: In the cultural study, one microbial agent was identified in 59.5% of cases, two in 40.0% of cases, and three in 7.1% of cases. The following microorganisms were most frequently identified: Enterococcus spp. in 25.0% of cases, Esherichia coli in 16.7% of cases, and Candida spp. in 11.7% of cases. During the molecular genetic study, Lactobacillus spp. were identified in 64.3% of the samples, the microorganisms associated with bacterial vaginosis in 45.3% of the samples, Candida spp. in 23.8% of the samples, and Herpesviridae family viruses in 14.3% of the samples. In 45.2% of the samples, one to 14 genes of resistance to β-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics were identified, while Tem (19.0%), Oxa-40-like (19.0%), Stx-M1 (14.3%), Ges (14.3%), Oxa-51-like (11.9%), and Van A/B (9.5%) were most frequently determined in the samples positive for resistance genes. Comparison between phenotypic susceptibility testing and genetic prediction for antibiotics resistance demonstrated that the specificity varied from 96.4 to 100%, and the sensitivity from 40.0 to 85.7%. CONCLUSIONS: The use of molecular genetic diagnostic methods allows for the identification of clinically significant urogenital tract infections and the detection of markers of their resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and glycopeptides in the shortest possible time. The data obtained make it possible to optimize the initial antimicrobial chemotherapy.

Bridging Data Communities: Interoperability through inclusive, cross-institutional collaboration

Objectives: To demonstrate how librarians can use engagement strategies to foster the exchange of knowledge and skills for data analysis and to build bridges between data communities. A second objective is to help student instructors to develop effective live-coding pedagogical practices and to gain practical experience in leading participatory workshop sessions. Methods: Librarians developed a low-barrier introductory peer-to-peer data science workshop series to support students seeking to develop coding, data analysis, and visualization skills, with a focus on Python and SQL. We guided undergraduate peer instructors in participatory live-coding pedagogy, organized practice sessions for instructors, and managed the scheduling, logistics, outreach, and hosting of the workshops. Results: In Fall 2023 sessions in the workshop series were delivered synchronously to over 100 participants, including students from our home institution and more than a dozen community colleges; one workshop was delivered twice—once in English, once in Spanish. Workshop recordings posted online have been viewed over 1000 times. Conclusions: We successfully identified strategies for building upon existing relationships and strengthening connections among diverse data communities; designing programs and outreach efforts to lower barriers to participation in data science; and fostering a culture of diversity, equity, and inclusion in data science knowledge sharing.

Exploring software engineering knowledge domains

Software engineering, as the primary value-based process, is influenced by the culture a given company establishes, formal and informal procedures, and technological improvements introduced during the implementation. Having this in mind it could be articulated further how these innovative methods could result in best practices, communication flows, strong-bonded teams, and successful projects. By adding an organisational domain to the model, the relationships between management's organizational aspects and technological development approaches are discussed.This paper aims to explore and classify the software engineering domains in order to facilitate the process of managing knowledge within ICT companies. Based on a literature overview, a model is proposed which combines the multiple perspectives for adopting knowledge management practices more efficiently.