Demand For Knowledge Research Articles

ELEMENTOS DA RECEPÇÃO DA CRÍTICA KANTIANA NO IDEALISMO ALEMÃO

In response to David Hume's skeptical challenge, Kant through his “Critical Philosophy” changed the axis of the “doctrine of knowledge”, from external reality, to the “conditions of possibility for experience”. He uses this conceptual element in order to constitute an idea of ​​objectivity that is more advanced than previous “metaphysical rationalism”, especially related to the notion of “representation”. As a result, the apprehended phenomenon corresponds to the object of critical knowledge and the thing-in-itself, given as external to cognition, is taken as unknowable. But with this, the subsequent philosophical scene was left to ask itself: since the data of cognition are “mental phenomena” (and through them, the conditions of possibility of the subject) the domain proper to knowledge, how can it be certain of corresponding to the object and satisfy the demand for scientific knowledge? From this problematic nexus Reinhold, Fichte and others searched to expose the scientific character of philosophical knowledge, based on the contributions of Kant's critical project, as others tried to, once and for all, dissuade philosophy from the idea of ​​manifesting itself as science.

Knowledge management for product innovation design based on dual-layer concept network

Creative design has become the core of competitiveness for enterprises, and the design process is an activity based on multi-domain knowledge. Designers need to have a lot of interdisciplinary knowledge in this activity, and there may be a burden on understanding. To alleviate understanding burden and promote knowledge integration, a dual-layer concept network is established based on complex networks. Knowledge association in the network originates from the perspective of innovation and product design, facilitating in providing designers with creative and content-related knowledge. This paper takes function, invention principle and scientific principle as the label to build a creative attribute network, and uses the semantic similarity between knowledge texts to build a semantic association network. Combining creative attributes and content semantics of knowledge, a novel knowledge management and browsing method based on a dual-layer concept network is proposed. Meanwhile, due to the ambiguity and uncertainty of design activity and knowledge demand, designers repeatedly query knowledge based on a dual-layer concept network. During this process, designers’ think of diverges and associates, which inspire them to integrate knowledge and generate creative ideas. Finally, this paper takes the problem of vibrating screens as an example to verify the practicability and effectiveness of this method. The methodology is expected to be served as an essential supporting tool for sparking innovation.

Do socio-demographic characteristics affect graduates’ employment status?

Despite having a demographic dividend, the unemployment rate is soaring in Bangladesh, posing a great challenge for the nation. This perplexing situation demands knowledge of socio-demographic factors that may affect the employment status among graduates. Thus, this study aims to examine the impact of socio-demographic factors, such as gender, age, marital status, field of study, and family financial support on employment status. To achieve this objective, a questionnaire survey was conducted. Through the survey, data were collected from 415 respondents and analyzed using a Forward Likelihood Ratio binary logistic regression. The findings revealed that age, marital status, field of study, and financial support are crucial predictors that affect the probability of employment among graduates, whereas gender does not influence the probability of getting employed. The insights of the current study will assist policymakers in reaping the demographic dividend to reduce graduate unemployment by incorporating sociodemographic characteristics in Bangladesh’s policymaking for graduates. This study will help the government meet its commitment to development goals by identifying the basic socio-demographic elements that influence graduates’ employment status.

A Comparison of External Loads in Division III Men's Lacrosse Between High Competition Matches and Low Competition Matches.

Lacrosse is an open-field, invasion sport with limited knowledge of the physiological demands of gameplay at the Division III level. This study aimed to investigate the external loads of Division III men's lacrosse players during NCAA season games. Comparisons were made between the external loads placed on the athletes in high competition versus those placed on the athletes in low competition matches. High competition matches were defined as matches against teams that qualified for the NCAA tournament whereas low competition matches included teams that did not meet high competition requirements. The dependent variables measured included total distance, work rate, intensity, 2D load, and 3D load. Defensive players were found to have significantly higher external load values for total distance (m; p=0.003, d=1.43), work rate (m/min; p=0.006, d=1.34), 2D load (AU; p=0.039, d=1.03), and 3D load (AU; p=0.022, d=1.15), while there were no significant differences (p>0.05) for other positions between competition level. Competition level exerts a higher external load for defensive players, but not attack, midfield, or specialists (goalie, face-off). This may indicate the need for specialized conditioning or active load management to deal with potential fatigue based on position and playing time.

Multidimensional perspectives of geo-epidemiology: from interdisciplinary learning and research to cost-benefit oriented decision-making.

Research typically promotes two types of outcomes (inventions and discoveries), which induce a virtuous cycle: something suspected or desired (not previously demonstrated) may become known or feasible once a new tool or procedure is invented and, later, the use of this invention may discover new knowledge. Research also promotes the opposite sequence-from new knowledge to new inventions. This bidirectional process is observed in geo-referenced epidemiology-a field that relates to but may also differ from spatial epidemiology. Geo-epidemiology encompasses several theories and technologies that promote inter/transdisciplinary knowledge integration, education, and research in population health. Based on visual examples derived from geo-referenced studies on epidemics and epizootics, this report demonstrates that this field may extract more (geographically related) information than simple spatial analyses, which then supports more effective and/or less costly interventions. Actual (not simulated) bio-geo-temporal interactions (never captured before the emergence of technologies that analyze geo-referenced data, such as geographical information systems) can now address research questions that relate to several fields, such as Network Theory. Thus, a new opportunity arises before us, which exceeds research: it also demands knowledge integration across disciplines as well as novel educational programs which, to be biomedically and socially justified, should demonstrate cost-effectiveness. Grounded on many bio-temporal-georeferenced examples, this report reviews the literature that supports this hypothesis: novel educational programs that focus on geo-referenced epidemic data may help generate cost-effective policies that prevent or control disease dissemination.

Financial Management Practices and Financial Behavior Among Young Professionals of Business Process Outsourcing Companies

The emergence of business process outsourcing (BPO) has changed labor demographics, especially among young professionals, which has sparked increasing demand in knowledge of financial behavior and management techniques. For their financial security and quality of life, financial literacy and behavior are absolutely vital. Many young workers lack enough financial knowledge and management skills, which results in bad financial decisions and behaviors. This difference could lead to unstable finances and compromise long-term security. Putting in place structured financial literacy initiatives fit for this group might greatly improve financial performance. Therefore, the aimed to assess the financial management practices and financial behavior among young professionals of business process outsourcing companies in China. The challenges encountered were also analyzed towards an intervention plan proposal. The study reveals that young professionals in BPO companies generally have a positive view of financial management, but their authority over decisions varies. Financial conduct is influenced by peer influence and societal expectations, and they exhibit varied financial behaviors in budgeting, saving, and long-term planning. However, they face challenges like limited understanding, lifestyle inflation, and balancing short-term and long-term goals.

PENGUATAN PENDIDIKAN DAN EKONOMI KELUARGA BAGI JAMA’AH TIDAK MAMPU DI MASJID AL-JIHAD BANJARMASIN PERSPEKTIF MAQÂSHID ASY-SYARÎ’AH

Article is motivated by the "Al-Jihad Cares" program owned by the Al-Jihad Mosque, Muhammadiyah Branch 4, Banjarma sin. The "Al-Jihad Cares" program is very interesting, because this program has great potential as a solution in helping congregations who are unable to fulfill and improve basic needs in strengthening an independent family. The method used in this research is descriptive-analytic with an Islamic legal philosophy approach. The analysis technique is to describe the research results based on the problems being studied, then analyze them using an Islamic legal philosophy approach, in this case Maqâshid asy-Syarî'ah . Among the Banjarmasin Mosque al -Jihad programs which are oriented towards strengthening congregation who do not capable is a strengthening program education for family the congregation does not capable. this program implemented in effort help congregation who have the kids will separated school , help And motivating they For Spirit demand knowledge to become an educated , moral generation And character . In review Maqâshid ash-Shari'ah this program is an emergency program in maintaining religion and sense. As for the strengthening program economy family for congregation who do not capable implemented with pattern give a number Money cash every month , give Money cash for additional capital business scale small or as initial capital For open business home . In perspective Maqâshid ash- Shari'ah program This is emergency matter​ in strive need basic life​ in A family. Based on findings results research , Takmir Mosque has not provided a sustainable evaluation , because There is no special monitoring and assistance yet to achievements of the "Al-Jihad Cares" program , and matter even this recognized by they.

Decoloniality, Digital-coloniality and Computer Programming Education

Like digital technologies themselves, programming education is embedded in the colonial matrix of power, and access to programming knowledge demands immersion in the epistemologies of the Global North. While there is a growing body of work exploring ways to decolonise programming education, far more needs to be done. Current research focuses on the language of instruction and contextual curricula; outward-facing engagements with decolonisation. However, to move towards digital-decoloniality involves scrutinising how programming knowledge is recontextualised within curricula. Part of the project should be equipping both educators and students with the tools to recontextualise programming itself. To dismantle the colonial logic embedded in programming education, attention must be given to the knowledge formation of the discipline to identify moments of disruption. One such moment is the difficulty students face when recontextualising their mental models of computing, from programming skills to programming concepts. This occurs at the moment of reading, tracing and writing code. Programming requires one to refocus computational thinking and engage with a specific semiotic system, translating the authors’ intention into an executable computational process. Disrupting this moment using the strategies of critical literacies opens computer programming and its resulting code to critical examination, allowing an inward-facing decolonial engagement with the discipline.

ОЦЕНКА РИСКОВ КАК КЛЮЧЕВОЙ ИНСТРУМЕНТ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ДОВЕРИЯ

Trust as a subject of research in the socio-humanities appeared in the publications of Russian scientists in the mid-1990s. In these works, the theoretical and hypothetical nature of the research was more often observed. However, by the end of this period, a direction had been formed devoted to the study of social trust as a phenomenon of scientific knowledge in such areas as political science, sociology and psychology. This consequence of negative events and radical economic and political changes occurred in Russia at the turn of 1990-2000. The lack of trust manifested itself in almost all layers of society and its spheres of life. Accordingly, in the author’s opinion, the reliable source of the formation of scientific interest in the problems of trust was precisely the practical needs of society, thanks to the acute manifestation of which an atmosphere of high demand for scientific knowledge about trust, about the possibility of influencing its level, predicting and managing it, using an assessment of the risks of society as a key tool for social trust. The purpose of this study was to determine the range of problem situations developing in society and causing different levels of trust when solving socially significant situations, to identify the features of risk assessment in the formation of social trust, as well as to develop recommendations for the development of the sociology of management as an interdisciplinary field of study of society. The objective of the study was to conduct a theoretical and empirical analysis of situations that exhibit risks of social trust, as well as to reveal the mechanism for their inclusion in the processes of self-regulation and overcoming crisis situations. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was the work of Russian and foreign scientists on the interaction of various social categories, civil structures, as well as methods of content analysis, a sociological survey of 72 people aged 18 to 60 years, users of the social network «Vkontakte». The decisive feature influencing the sample of respondents was their awareness in the field of information technology. It was determined that the level of social trust of selected groups of users in online and offline modes is associated with intolerance to uncertainty and interpersonal intolerance. In addition, it is noted that trust in Internet content is influenced by the professional and personal characteristics of the respondents. Analysis of the literature and the results of the study helped formulate theoretical conclusions, develop practical recommendations and outline prospects for assessing risks in the formation of the level of social trust. It is substantiated that risk assessment in the formation of social trust is an important and pressing issue in our modern society. In an ever-changing social, economic and political environment, the need to identify and analyze possible risks affects the ability of society to perceive and trust each other. Social trust plays a key role in the formation of a stable, harmonious and developing community. It promotes the effective functioning of institutions, the exchange of information and resources, and the strengthening of relationships between different social groups. However, in order for social trust to flourish, it is necessary to understand and assess the possible risks that may arise along the way of its formation and maintenance. The article emphasizes the importance of a scientifically based approach, which consists in recognizing the need for effective risk management at various levels — from federal to local, as well as recognizing the importance of a culture of trust as a social technology for reducing the level of these risks.

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of primary caregivers of gastric cancer patients regarding postoperative dietary management

BackgroundFamily caregivers of gastric cancer (GC) patients after gastrectomy have a strong demand for nutrition knowledge. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of primary caregivers of GC patients regarding postoperative dietary management.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study, collecting data through questionnaire distribution. Demographic information of the respondents and KAP scores were assessed and analyzed.ResultsOf 508 included participants, majority were female (59.84%) urban residents (78.94%), aged 40–60 years (53.15%). Caretakers were primarily spouses of GC patient (50.39%) or parents (10.43%), only child (12.99%) or non-only child (24.21%). Notable percentage of poor knowledge and practice was found among participants (45.05% and 40.55%, respectively), while attitude was predominantly positive (99.41%). Correlation analysis revealed a weak positive correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.150, P < 0.001) and negative link to practice scores (r=-0.228, P < 0.001); attitude scores were positively correlated with practice (r = 0.117, P = 0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that higher attitude scores were independently associated with higher practice scores (OR = 1.360; 95%CI, 1.223–1.513), P < 0.001), while higher knowledge scores (OR = 0.684; 95%CI, 0.575–0.815), P < 0.001), older age (OR = 0.951; 95%CI, 0.918–0.985), P = 0.005), duration of caregiving > 3 months (3–6 months (OR = 0.415; 95%CI, 0.193–0.894, P = 0.025); 6 months-1 year (OR = 0.269; 95%CI, 0.120–0.606), P = 0.002); >1 year (OR = 0.290; 95%CI, 0.120–0.705), P = 0.006), and follow-up location after patient’s surgery (OR = 0.072 (0.033–0.160), P < 0.001) were independently associated with lower practice scores.ConclusionsFamily caregivers of GC patients that participated in this study demonstrated moderate knowledge and practice, but positive attitude towards dietary management after gastrectomy.

Guiding transdisciplinary synthesis processes for social-ecological policy decisions

Interdisciplinary synthesis research has been promoting significant advances in expanding academic knowledge. However, its application to address social-ecological problems poses challenges, typical of transdisciplinary research and co-production initiatives. Based on the experience of seven working groups from a Brazilian synthesis nucleus dedicated to co-producing social-ecological public policies, we present eight learnings to strengthen transdisciplinary syntheses. Those syntheses require flexibility in the working group dynamics to facilitate collaborative work, with frequent and short meetings held in easily accessible locations (1). They also require flexibility to shape different trajectories, depending on demand urgency, data and knowledge availability (2). Flexibility is also required to adjust to political circumstances, acknowledging that there are trade-offs between responding to urgent political needs and creating novel ideas, knowledge and outputs (3). In addition, the creation of formal institutions, particularly, formal engagement at the science-policy interface (4) and creating formal platforms for disseminating non-academic outputs (5) are key to stimulate the involvement of policy-makers and scientists in collaborative transdisciplinary syntheses. Symmetrical, horizontal interactions within a two-way science-policy linkage (6), alongside collective reflexivity on bridging diverse knowledge, skills, and authorities (7) are crucial for aligning academic knowledge with policy practices. Active involvement of individuals skilled in both scientific research and policy-making, who act as knowledge brokers, further strengthens this alignment. Finally, attention to create positive interactions and transparently communicating help to build trust among participants (8). These adjustments can enhance the potential of transdisciplinary syntheses to generate actionable knowledge at the science-policy interface.

Roe deer uterine fluid metabolome reveals elevated glycolysis, fatty acid breakdown, and spermidine synthesis upon reactivation from diapause†.

The blastocyst of the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) undergoes a period of decelerated growth and limited metabolism. During this period known as embryonic diapause, it floats freely in the uterus encircled by the histotroph. Prior to implantation, reactivation is marked by rapid embryonic growth and conceptus elongation. We hypothesized that the uterine fluid, which is known to undergo changes in its composition to support early embryonic development, contributes to controlling embryonic growth during diapause and elongation. We therefore characterized the pre-implantation uterine fluid metabolome during diapause and at elongation by mass spectrometry and particularly assessed nonpolar lipids, polar metabolites, acylcarnitines, and polyamines. Our results show that triglycerides and diglycerides levels decreased at elongation, likely serving as a source for membrane synthesis rather than for energy production. A functional analysis identified glycolysis as a key pathway during elongation, which may compensate for the energy requirements during this phase. We also observed an increase of sphingomyelin; prostaglandin precursors; and the amino acids asparagine, glutamine, and methionine upon elongation. The sphingolipid and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways were implicated during elongation. Particularly, spermidine, and to some extent spermine but not putrescine-levels significantly increased in the uterine fluid during elongation, indicating their significance for reactivation and/or proliferation at embryo elongation. We conclude that the roe deer uterine fluid sustained dynamic compositional changes necessary to support the energy- and resource-intensive conceptus elongation. However, it remains to be determined whether these changes are the cause or a consequence of embryo elongation. Studying the metabolic changes and molecular interactions in the roe deer during diapause and elongation not only reveals insights into aspects of its reproductive strategy, but also deepens our knowledge of embryo metabolic demands and developmental velocities across species.

A qualitative study on health education knowledge demands of patients after gastric cancer surgery before discharge

A qualitative study on health education knowledge demands of patients after gastric cancer surgery before discharge

Status Quo and Countermeasures of Humanities Quality Education in Clinical Teaching for Medical Students

In recent years, frequent conflicts between doctors and patients have attracted widespread attention from various sectors of society. The reasons for the tense doctor-patient relationship involve three major factors, namely social, medical, and patient factors. In the process of building social harmony, the people’s demand for daily health knowledge and basic medical security is increasing day by day. Among them, medical humanities quality education plays a particularly important role in building a harmonious doctor-patient relationship. Strengthening the humanities quality education of medical students and creating a harmonious doctor-patient environment can better improve the tense doctor-patient relationship and reduce the occurrence of doctor-patient conflicts, ultimately promoting social stability. This requires medical schools not only to cultivate medical students’ clinical diagnosis and treatment abilities, but also to enhance their humanistic qualities, strengthen medical humanities education, and face the requirements of medical development and the task of Healthy China. It is of great significance to improve the humanities quality education program for medical students. This article aims to explore the status quo of humanities quality education in clinical teaching for medical students and propose countermeasures to address the issues.

Political sociology in Armenia: stages of institutionalization and priorities

The rise of sociology as a science, reflecting modernization processes in society and exerting significant influence on them, developed during the post-Soviet period of Armenian reality. This development was facilitated by ‘discovery’ of sociology by the post-Soviet society and the close (though not always equal) interaction of domestic sociologists with Western sociological schools. Additionally, the participation of Western sociologists of Armenian nationality contributed to the formation of Armenian statehood as well as to growth of sociology as an academic discipline in Armenia. Under the influence of democratization processes, political sociology focused primarily on the transitional Armenian society, addressing the formation of power institutions and the utilization of political technologies. Regional dynamics, traditional and new foreign policy processes in Armenia, threats, and risks influenced the study of foreign policy guidelines within Armenian society. This also led to the formation and development of sociology of conflict and military sociology, closely linked to political sociology and sometimes inseparable. The effective managing of the Armenian state and society directly correlates with the integration of political sociology into political practices, and with demand for sociological knowledge, especially sociological forecasts, among decision-makers.

Sample loading in gel electrophoresis using adapted 3D printers

In gel electrophoresis, samples that are dispensed too high above or too low into the wells result in sub-optimal outcomes. Here, an adapted 3D printer liquid handler equipped with an optical sensor was found to attain vertical sample delivery positionings at a standard deviation over mean ratio of 0.008. This illustrated high accuracy and repeatability outcomes achieved using automation that is cost effective and low in technical knowledge demand.

Teachers' beliefs about the relevance of the mathematic curriculum given emerging societal crises and knowledge demands

In an era inundated with statistical and mathematical information through various media channels, members of the public must grasp these concepts if they are to understand global developments like public health crises and climate change. In this study, we explored teachers' beliefs about the relevance of the curriculum in the context of the COVID pandemic and sought to identify, from their perspectives, the changes needed to improve its relevance. We had 56 teachers participate in an online survey, eight of whom were also interviewed later. Our findings revealed that participants believed the curriculum helped prepare learners to understand certain aspects of the pandemic-related information. However, they noted that the information was more complex than mere mathematical calculations might be, so required a careful coordination of appropriate mathematical and contextual relationships. Many teachers suggested changes focused on providing more opportunities for learners to engage with real-life applications of mathematics. There were variations in teachers' perspectives on curriculum content, with some emphasizing the importance of broader cognitive processes while others focused on specific topics. These differences were influenced by factors such as teaching experience, educational background, and teaching phase.

Prediction of melting and solid phase transitions temperatures and enthalpies for triacylglycerols using artificial neural networks

Triacylglycerols (TAG) are the main components of vegetable oils and any attempt to simulate vegetable oils processes will demand knowledge of their properties. However, experimental values are scarce, considering that several TAG in their pure forms are unavailable or too expensive for experimental measurements. On the other hand, correlating physical properties with TAG molecular structure is not simple. TAG is a molecule composed of 3 fatty acids (FA) esterified to a glycerol (GL) backbone, making properties dependent on carbon number (CN) of each FA, number of unsaturations (UN) of each FA, and position of the FA in the GL backbone. Few models are available in literature for prediction of TAG melting properties, with a special attention to melting temperature (Tfus) and enthalpy (ΔHfus) and solid-solid transition properties of the TAG polymorphic forms. Wesdorp's, Moorthy's et al. and Zeberg-Mikkelsen and Stenby's works present models based on the Group-Contribution theory nowadays used, despite some flaws, particularly considering the polymorphic transitions. Therefore, this work was aimed at evaluating Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for prediction of TAG's Tfus and ΔHfus (β-form) as well as temperature and enthalpy transitions of molecule polymorphic forms (α and β’). Database was composed of temperature and enthalpy experimental data from literature. For each TAG, 7 input data were provided: total CN, as well as CN and UN at sn-1, 2 and 3 TAG position. The Multilayer Perceptron Feed Forward (MPL) model was used, and the topology was evaluated for number of hidden layers (HL), number of neurons (NN) and activation function at each hidden layer, and convergence algorithm. Number of HL and NN was screened by using a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). Models were further evaluated by Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) and feature evaluation strategies. Architectures showed a significant higher accuracy for calculation and prediction of TAG's melting properties of the 3 polymorphic forms, with R2 higher to 0.91 for all databases when compared to literatures’ models (excepted for the prediction of the melting temperature of the β form, where Wesdorp's model presented a better predictive ability, despite great similarity). Good results were probably related to the well-defined physicochemical relationship between input (molecular structure descriptors) and output (melting properties), that could be described by XAI evaluation. This is an important advantage considering the improvement of the performance of process and products design including TAG molecules.

The Mediating Role of Employee Relations Climate in the Relationship Between Organizational Learning and Social Responsibility

Today, organizations face a rapidly changing environment, leading to numerous challenges that compel them to optimize their resources and assets. A crucial response to these changes is the heightened focus on human resources, which have become recognized as the most vital capital in gaining a competitive edge. By leveraging their greatest asset—human talent—organizations can significantly enhance productivity, with one effective strategy being the promotion of employee engagement. This research aims to explore the mediating role of the employee relations climate in the relationship between organizational learning and social responsibility. Utilizing a descriptive-correlational method, the study analyzed data through structural equation modeling. The findings suggest that increasing global interactions and deeper engagement with surrounding environments motivate organizations to undertake activities that foster competitive advantages, helping them adapt to complex and dynamic conditions. Many companies indicate that competitive pressures from globalization are intensifying, and an organization's capacity to manage these pressures hinges on its effective utilization of human resources. The ethical climate refers to the collective understanding among employees about appropriate behaviors and the management of ethical dilemmas within the organization. Concurrently, the employee relations climate emerges from shared beliefs about expected ethical conduct, influenced by the organization’s policies and leadership. This climate plays a pivotal role in shaping employees' ethical decisions and behaviors, creating a significant challenge for human resources as industries and knowledge demands evolve.

Read STOP Write: Teaching foundational skills in a multicomponent informational reading and writing intervention

AbstractMany adolescent readers experience difficulties comprehending informational text, which may result from underlying difficulties with foundational skills (e.g., word recognition and fluency), knowledge demands (e.g., background, text structure, and vocabulary), and/or reading motivation. Supplemental interventions for adolescents targeting only foundational skills demonstrate mixed results, but multicomponent interventions that combine multisyllabic decoding, fluency, and comprehension strategies that build word and world knowledge to support complex text reading can improve foundational skills and comprehension for students in upper‐elementary and middle grades. In this article, we describe how prior research informed the design of Read STOP Write, a multicomponent intervention for students in grades 4–9. Read STOP Write integrates instruction in multisyllabic decoding, fluency, and vocabulary with comprehension instruction focused on building knowledge and using text structures to read and write about science and social studies texts. We summarize research conducted in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms and discuss implications for teachers of adolescents.