Knowledge Capitalization Research Articles

Creation of a knowledge management model based on CBR

This paper proposes a solution to facilitate maintenance activities associated with stand-alone solar photovoltaic installations in our developing countries. The autonomous photovoltaic solar installation is not connected to the electricity distribution grid. It meets the electricity needs on the one hand, of those who are too far away and who do not have access to the distribution grid. On the other hand, those who wish to overcome the constraints of connection to the electrical distribution grid. Our work focuses on the capitalization of knowledge in maintenance activity. The goal is to propose a model capable of helping maintenance technicians during their interventions by providing them with knowledge elements that will be drawn from a knowledge base. This knowledge base is built from the knowledge collected during previous maintenance activities in a given solar photovoltaic installation.

Health equity knowledge development: A conversation with Black nurse researchers.

Can the institutional systems that prepare Black nurse researchers question the ways their systemic pathways have impacted health equity knowledge development in nursing? We invite our readers to keep this question in mind and engage with our conversation as Black nurse researchers, scholars, educators, and clinicians. The purpose of our conversation, and this article, is to explore the transactional impact of knowledge development pathways and Black faculty retention pathways on the state of health equity knowledge in nursing today. Over a series of conversations, we discuss the research exploitation of communities of color, deficit research funding, knowledge capitalization, the marginalization of diversity as a continuous process, a lack of sociocultural authority, and our thoughts on solutions. We conclude by using the wisdom of a generation to answer our initial question.

Sharing Research Data: An Analysis of the Interest of Social Scientists in the Context of a Mexican University

Open Science and open research data have the potential to speed up the processes of science and to generate benefits to society. However, the openness of research data and science cannot be taken for granted since there is a trend toward the capitalization of knowledge. In addition, each area of knowledge differs in terms of the data used and the rules that govern each scientific community. The aim of this article is to analyze social researchers’ interest in sharing research data within the context of a Mexican university. Based on the constructivist grounded theory approach, 12 interviews were conducted with social scientists from a higher education institution in Mexico. From the analysis, four categories associated with the researchers’ attitudes of sharing their data emerged. The findings exhibit that researchers’ interest in sharing their scientific data is prone to (1) selectively sharing, (2) perpetuating the system, (3) protecting privacy and (4) considering resources. These results show that the scientists interviewed show an opposite inclination to Open Science, since they are not willing to share their data openly, including the fact that within the Mexican context, the practice of sharing data openly is not encouraged.

PHILOSOPHY IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES PROVIDED BY THE UNIVERSITY AS A BUSINESS

The paper discusses the status of philosophy in the context of the increasing commercialization of higher education, which turns the university into a business. It shows that the neoliberal policy of the commercialization of higher education changes the structure of the educational process dramatically and brings humanism as an educational model inextricably linked with the development of humanitarian disciplines to the limit. In the era of capitalization of knowledge, the principle of utilitarianism becomes dominant. The paper gives reasons for the need to overcome the neoliberal tendency of the educational process dehumanization and return to humanitarian disciplines, which preserve the culture of human thinking in today’s world. The paper finds that the construction of the process of university education according to the being-in-place model actualizes thinking, which brings an individual back from the inertia of non-thinking existence. The paper describes specificity of philosophy as a practice of thinking and language which preserves the foundations of human existence and develops the hermeneutic type of thinking of an individual as “persona”. The hermeneutic type of thinking is focused on a person’s self-understanding of oneself as a personality. At the same time, it contributes to understanding the Other, a dialogue with whom opens up the opportunity not only to look at oneself in a different way, but also to understand the “point of view” of the Other, thereby opening up a different horizon of seeing the world in general.

Design for the environment: An ontology‐based knowledge management model for green product development

AbstractThrough appropriate operations and policies, such as green processes and product development process (PDP), companies can respond to environmental sustainability. To remain competitive, one such approach, Design for X (DFX), involves considering different environment and sustainable strategies through different factors Xs. With regard to the availability of different DFX techniques that consider environmental issues, the decision as to which approach needs to be adopted remains absent. This paper aims at presenting an overview from 1980 to 2020 of the developed research, applications, and DFX techniques for assessing green issues. Selected DFX techniques are linked with strategies used in organizations. Following a literature analysis, a collaborative knowledge‐based framework that addresses the design concepts needed to assess environmental, safety, and health concerns in the development of green products is proposed. Furthermore, as a pillar for considering the Semantic Web and an evolving approach linked with natural language processing (NLP) and artificial intelligence (AI), an ontology‐based knowledge management model for green assessment is developed for the representation, acquisition, organization, and capitalization of knowledge in a computer interpretable manner. The findings are useful for both managers and practitioners as they provide a coherent domain ontology that can help them manage knowledge, improve teamwork, and make decisions in a collaborative green PDP. Besides, an understanding of the essential design considerations that are required to implement environmental, safety, and health issues, as well as competencies used in the PDP is presented. Key barriers, managerial and strategic implications, and mitigation actions are also identified in this paper.

Higher education institution as an economic corporation and object of professional management activity

The article considers the problems of development of a higher education institution as an economic corporation. Strategic directions of professionalization of higher education institution management are determined. The key parameters of the development of higher education institutions in Ukraine are analyzed. Features of behavior of teachers and students in the conditions of development of corporate relations are considered. Particular attention is paid to the semantic dynamics of the process of formation of professional management of higher education. Attention is paid to the main conceptual approaches to the formation and historical development of higher education institutions. The importance of innovative dynamics of the management system and the conditions for reducing transaction costs that hinder the development of the digital economy are shown. Approaches and methods of university management activities that create a "new normality" of professional university management are considered. The necessity of transformation of professional management of a higher education institution and its responsibility for the development of innovative economy is proved. Emphasis is placed on the professional qualities of management staff, which must meet the conditions of development of third generation universities. The basic principles of modern development of university education from the standpoint of capitalization of professional knowledge are considered. The necessity of innovative development of university science and formation of new forms of educational activity is proved. The need for fundamental training of students as a basis for their focus on the systematic development of the profession, innovation and creativity, intellectual and professional capacity for rapid vocational training throughout the career, which becomes an objective challenge of the digital economy.

Changes in the methodology of teaching foreign languages at higher educational institutions under current conditions

In 2020, the majority of higher educational institutions have faced global and unique problems that are particularly acute at the social, economic, scientific and educational level. The purpose of the academic paper is to consider the adoption and transformation of the methodology of teaching foreign languages at the HEIs and analyze how much has the interaction of students changed and how the capitalization of knowledge is carried out in the implementation of virtual and online education. The academic paper describes how new teaching methods are introduced and implemented in quarantine conditions in the university education system. The basic methods of the investigation are as follows: the method of experiment, questionnaire and observation; the interdisciplinary nature of the research is also marked by the use of a combination of analytical methods. The hypothesis lies in the fact that the conditions of virtual distance education involve changes in the complex of methods and their technological adaptation. The scientific article contains the answers, challenges and practices used in the process of teaching foreign languages in the space of university education.

Комерціалізація вищої освіти: баланс між перевагами та ризиками

The article is aimed at studying the peculiarities of commercialization as a modern global trend in the development of higher education and analyzing the main strategies for reforming universities. The relevance of the publication is due to the reform of the sphere of higher education in Ukraine and the need for competent borrowing of best practices of educational systems from the leading foreign countries. It seems important to find answer to the following question: thanks to which educational model western universities have received significant achievements in all directions of activity? Ambiguous evaluation of commercialization processes both among the Western and Ukrainian academic community causes the expediency of this study. As a result of the study, it is defined that commercialization means the transition of the higher education system to market relations on the basis of the introduction of new management methods that change its position in society, contribute to the capitalization of knowledge and research results. The peculiarities of formation and manifestation of the process of commercialization are determined, among which the most significant are the change in the role of the State in the sphere of education financing, transformation processes in the forms and types of provision of educational services, diversification of the funding sources. The essence of the concepts of «commercialization», «comodification» and «managerism» is identified and characterized, their relationship in the approaches of transformation of educational institutions into institutions for educational services, and students into consumers, is substantiated. The detection of commercialization of higher education in the context of «academic capitalism» is considered. The content and forms of «academic entrepreneurship», tasks and functions of the «entrepreneurial university» are analyzed. It is concluded that the entrepreneurial university is the most financially successful model of the educational institution, which combines modern requirements and traditional values of higher education on the basis of innovative activities. The carried out analysis of scientific articles and researches allowed to identify differences in the process of commercialization in American and European educational systems. Prospects for further research are to study the best world practices of commercialization of higher education institutions and determine approaches to their adaptation and directions of efficient implementation in Ukraine.

Managing Knowledge at the Time of Artificial Intelligence: An Explorative Study with Knowledge Workers

In the evolutionary context of Industry 4.0, where machine learning and machine to machine technology are powerful tools for the maintenance and replicability of knowledge, the implementation of hybrid systems based on the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents the key to organizational innovation and to the capitalization of knowledge. At the same time, the benefits of digital transformation for individuals and teams are often not so clear - and uncertainty surrounding the future often results in fear in those being impacted. Fear of changes to their job, fear of a job role change, job losses, being faced with learning new skills, new technology or new ways of working. Therefore, to secure the transition to the digitization organizations need to carefully support their human resources and to provide them with the reasons why they need to commit to change. In this perspective, the study aimed to investigate how high-qualified knowledge workers cope with this new situation. Yet, participants were a group of project managers, employed in some knowledge-based organizations, in which AI and digitalization systems are going to be introduced to improve replicability, circulation and storage of knowledge. The choice of this peculiar target of participants was guided by the acknowledgement of their important role within the organization, being project managers generally considered as agents of change. In view of the above, the main goal was to collect project managers’ expectations and fears about the upcoming integration of secularized company flows with performing process automation strategies. In-depth individual interviews were conducted and diatextual analysis was used to approach the discursive data collected. Results showed interesting insights both in terms of organizational management implications as well as of future research development. Participants showed clear awareness about the need to “go digital” to improve organizational performance and to stay competitive. However, they underlined the importance of parallel invest on human capital, improving crucial soft skills such as: openness to change, flexibility and the ability to work in a team, that could concretely support digital changes in procedures and work processes.

Innovative Changes in Education of the 2010s: Pro and Cons

The article offers a theoretical analysis of the advantages and contradictions of innovative changes in modern education. The author uses the data presented in the UNESCO and Council of Europe programmes, reviews in the main areas of innovative development, but also information from the websites of international organizations, implementing innovative educational models. The ideas of lifelong learning, inclusion and open education in the 2010s are meanwhile developing in conditions of"liquid modernity" (Bauman, 2000). Metamodern culture, the capitalization of knowledge, digitalization and network socialization are presented as the main external sources of the innovative boom in the education world of the 2010s. Against the background of the technological development one can see serious risks of forcing the humanitarian values and basic foundations out of pedagogic processes. In this regard, the need for constant critical reflection on the results of innovative education changes is emphasized.

Improvement of the Production Quality of the Textile Industries in Madagascar by the Knowledge Engineering

The textile industry in Madagascar has a very important weight for the Malagasy economic situation. It is the sector that contributes the most to job creation as well as to export. There are two main categories of factories: free zone companies that are moving towards export and small and medium-sized units who produce for local consumption. The lack of technical competence of the majority of the employees constitutes a common block for the two factories category. The failure is related to the low employee’s education level. This gap questions the competitiveness of textile enterprises in Madagascar at national and global level. Moreover, quality is one of the critical success factors that must be mastered by textile companies to be able to dominate the world of competition. This paper suggests a managerial strategy, the Knowledge management, as lever of quality production improvement. It has as objective the capitalization, enhancement and improvement of the company's knowledge while placing at the center the human resources. These are the sources of knowledge and the challenge is to formalize and share expert is know-how. Nonaka’s model has been exploited to achieve knowledge transfer. MASK method is used to rationalize Nonaka's knowledge management cycle. It is recommended that textile companies in Madagascar integrate knowledge management into their management system in order to optimize production quality, productivity and stimulate innovation.

Progettare per un miglioramento basato su evidenze. Quale metodologia

The main aspiration of educational research has always included being able to improve achievement on a large scale through effective and sustainable approaches. However, history shows how this goal remained largely unattainable and, in more recent times, widely and intentionally abandoned.This work presents an orientation towards educational planning which tries to demonstrate how new opportunities exist today to overcome this gap integrating the experimental tradition with the capitalization of evidence-based knowledge allowed by the support of network technologies. In support of this, it describes an example relating to the development of reading comprehensions in primary schools to show how educational research should proceed in this new direction.

Why do some SME's become high-growth firms? The role of employee competences

PurposeHigh-growth firms generate a large share of new jobs and are thus the key drivers of innovation and industry dynamics. As the employees' education supports innovation and productivity, this article hypothesizes that employee competences explain high growth.Design/methodology/approachThe study approaches this by examining intangible capital and specialized knowledge to evaluate how these characteristics support the probability of becoming a high-growth firm. The estimation uses linked employer–employee data from Danish registers from 2005 to 2013.FindingsAs the authors measure high growth with the size-neutral Birch index, they can examine the determinants of high growth across different firm size classes. The findings imply that intangible capital relates positively to the firm's high growth.Originality/valuePrevious research on high-growth firms is concentrated on the owners’ education. This article broadens to the high education of all employees and accounts for the employees’ occupation and capitalization of knowledge with intangible capital.

Benchmarking of monolithic MDO formulations and derivative computation techniques using OpenMDAO

The design optimization of coupled systems requires the implementation of multidisciplinary design optimization techniques in order to obtain consistent and optimal solutions. The associated research topics include the development of optimization algorithms, computational frameworks, and multidisciplinary design optimization formulations. This paper presents a benchmarking of the combination of monolithic formulations and derivative computation techniques. The monolithic formulations include typical literature formulations as well as new normalized variable hybrid formulation. A novel test problem is proposed which consists in the sizing of a space launcher thrust vector control electro-mechanical actuator. Solving the single multidisciplinary coupling present in this problem is complex due to the possibility to face one, two, or no solutions depending on the external load and reducer gear ratio configuration. A larger scale version of this test problem is also proposed and tested by adding a high degree of freedom point-to-point trajectory. The tests are carried out in order to obtain typical performance criteria but also some proposed additional robustness criteria such as variation of the initial conditions or the external load scale. These additional criteria are particularly relevant in an industrial engineering design context where knowledge capitalization and reuse are sought. The most significant findings are the interesting performances of the new formulation in terms of computational cost and the robustness. Furthermore, the effect of the choice of derivative computation strategy on different performance criteria is assessed for the original and larger scale problem, and thus underlines the benefits of full analytic gradient-based optimization.

THEORETICAL ESSENCE OF CAPITALIZATION

Introduction. The category of "capitalization" throughout the period of development of the system of economic relations is the basic category of any mode of production. The peculiarity of modern production is based on a set of neo-industrial factors, on which new priorities of capital structure and processes of its accumulation were formed. All this necessitates the development of economic theory in the direction of the study of patterns that arise in the process of capital formation. In modern science, there is a considerable diversity of thought about the essence of capitalization, but the lack of generalization and systematization forms an idea of the separation of concepts of capitalization from the economic essence of the category "capitalization". Methods. The following methods were used to achieve the goal of the study: generalization – to analyze and group existing scientific approaches to understanding the essence of the category “capitalization”; decomposition – to distribute value added, to clarify the essence of the process of capitalization of profits in the cycle of capital circulation, to visualize the process of capitalization in the production enterprise; synthesis – to systematize modern approaches to the formation of the concepts of capitalization on a set of isolated features; logical analysis – to form the structure of the material in the article, to formulate conclusions. Results. On the basis of the study of the essence of the category "capitalization" the lack of clarity of its formulation, which is formed by the classics of economic theory, is revealed. Today, capitalization is interpreted as the accumulation of capital, the transformation of value added into capital, the resultant indicator of activity, the sum of all resources, etc. The emergence of new factors of capital development has led to the emergence of new concepts of capitalization, in particular: the capitalization of knowledge, the capitalization of intellectual capital. The complications of economic relations have led to the use of the concepts of capitalization in banking and accounting. Two fundamental approaches to understanding capitalization have been identified on the basis of the generalization of existing concepts of capitalization and their correspondence to the essence of this category: a) as an indicator of the value of capital that creates value added, and b) as a process of increasing and transforming capital (value) from one form to another. The paper generalizes modern approaches to the formation of the concepts of capitalization on the basis of the formed set of traits. Discussion. The conducted research lays the fundamental foundations for the development of economic theory in terms of expanding the classification features of the concepts of capitalization, the study of capitalization processes in new types of economic activity. Keywords: capitalization, capital, advanced capital, added value, profit, market capitalization.

A framework for analytical cost estimation of mechanical components based on manufacturing knowledge representation

This paper presents a novel framework for manufacturing and cost-related knowledge formalization. This artefact allows industries to capitalize the knowledge of experienced practitioners in the field of manufacturing and assembly, so that it can be used by designers for quickly and analytically estimating the production costs of components during product development. The framework consists of the following: (i) a cost breakdown structure used for splitting out the manufacturing cost, (ii) a data model (cost routing) to collect the knowledge required to define a manufacturing process, (iii) a data model (cost model) for collecting the knowledge required to compute the manufacturing cost of each operation within a manufacturing process, and (iv) a workflow to define the manufacturing process. The proposed framework provides several advantages: (i) knowledge formalization of product manufacturing cost, (ii) knowledge sharing among design/engineering departments, and (iii) knowledge capitalization for decision-making process. The proposed framework is used to formalize the knowledge required for analytically estimating the manufacturing cost of open-die forged components. Results highlight that the framework addresses the most important requirements for a knowledge-based cost estimation system.

Technoscience: “Where the Danger Is, Grows the Saving Power Also”

The article is a response to the arguments by O.B. Koshovets and I.E. Frolov on the emergence of "technoscience”. Technoscience is opposed by the authors to the classical science characterized by the dominance of the technological component of research and capitalization of knowledge. The article focuses on two tasks. The first one supposes an appeal to the historical origins of technoscience and demonstrates significant relationship between technoscience and classical science. The second one involves the disclosure of contemporary negative trends of technoscience as creating conditions for their own overcoming. In conclusion it associates the work on the autonomy of science with the constructive dialogue between scientific and non-scientific knowledge.

New Development Trend of the Contemporary Capitalist Economic System

Capital is the dominant economic power in bourgeois society. The capitalist economic system has undergone tremendous changes since its birth, while the nature of private capital for the sole purpose of maximizing proliferation has never changed. It is under the control of this capital nature that a series of profound changes have taken place in the contemporary capitalist economic system.The first change is the transformation from the first generation of globalization to the second generation of globalization, namely, from colonialism to hegemonism. It has resulted in a new center-periphery international structure consisting of the international industrial chain and the international financial chain, as well as the international political and military chain thereon based on them.The second one is the development of human and knowledge capitalization besides material capital. The most typical feature of this change is that the human capital is as important as material capital, which enables workers to obtain higher wages than the general labor force, and its difference is the value of human capital.The third one is the welfare of developed countries based on the opposition between poor producer countries and rich consumer countries, which is a forced choice that capital has to make under external pressure, and the development of capital and global expansion provides the possibility for it.The fourth one is the second generation financialization, which aims at dividing up and grabbing surplus value, tries to make all the illiquid assets securitized, and creates a virtual capital world free from industrial capital.All these changes are aimed at alleviating and resolving the inherent contradiction of capitalism, that is, the contradiction between socialization of production and private ownership of capital, objectively expanding the capacity of capitalist production relations for the development of productive forces. As a result, there are two major results in the international industrial structure: one is the industrial hollowing” of developed countries and the international industrial chain it produces; the other is the economic virtualization” of developed countries and the international financial chain it produces. The overall goal is to make developing countries as producing countries impoverished forever, which is the paradise where capital earns surplus value of labor force, and at the same time to flow the surplus value of division and plunder to the home country of capital, so that the home country becomes the paradise of consumer market. Thus, the fundamental contradiction inherent in the capitalist mode of production seems to lead to an almost perfect solution”.However, the fundamental contradiction of capitalism cannot be solved, and it just becomes more complex, which results in a series of new contradictions. Developed countries have launched international trade wars, technological wars and financial wars in order to recover their declining situation in these contradictions, which will constitute new challenges and opportunities to China.

Cookie monsters. Anatomy of a digital market infrastructure

ABSTRACTThe aim of this article is to examine the market arrangements built by the online marketing industry around small pieces of data now ubiquitous in digital markets–namely “http cookies.” We show how cookies have become the backbone and the main vehicle of a vast market infrastructure, based on its ability to transform online behavioral information into data assets, and to attach these assets to advertising products. We examine the complex trading operations that are implemented from the elementary brick that constitutes the cookie. We also raise the question of the strength and durability of this infrastructure, at a time when it is disputed and seems weakened. Beyond the particular case of cookies, we identify three main operations that market infrastructures typically support: knowledge production, capitalization, and coordination. We also highlight the centrality of “datafication” (tracking, “data lake” building, matching, etc.) in the process of market digitalization. We thus contribute to the framing of the concept of (digital) market infrastructure.

Improving the understanding of flood risk in the Alsatian region by knowledge capitalization: the ORRION participative observatory

Abstract. Despite the strong societal impact of natural hazards, their documentation remains incomplete, with only a few inventories exceeding the past two centuries. Surprisingly enough, this also applies to Europe, a densely populated territory, and to floods, which along with storms are the most common and damage-causing natural hazard in Europe. In addition, existing inventories have often been compiled by scientists and technicians and are used for risk management in a top-down manner, although the participation of all parties concerned has been recognized as a key factor for disaster reduction. To address this double paradox, the present article presents the regional flood risk observatory ORRION for the Alsatian region, north-eastern France, and its very rich data content. Stemming from two successive interdisciplinary and transnational French–German research projects, ORRION was designed as a participative online platform on which information is shared between individuals, stakeholders, engineers, and scientists. This original approach aims at maximizing knowledge capitalization and contributes to building a common knowledge base for flood risk. ORRION is organized by events including all river floods that have likely arisen from a single synoptic situation. For each event, it documents information sources, date of occurrence, causes, and consequences in terms of damage and affected river basins and municipalities. ORRION has contributed toward renewing our knowledge of flood hazard and risk in the target area. Notably, here, long chronicles of floods are derived for 13 rivers, the Rhine and most of its main Alsatian tributaries and for all Alsatian municipalities, most of them since the end of the 15th century but over more than one millennium for the Rhine. Their main characteristics according to various typologies (seasonality, causes, severity, etc.) are analysed. Major developments over the study period related to sources, land use, and/or climate change are identified. The advantages and limitations of the approach are discussed, and the potential to expand both data exploitation and build common flood risk knowledge is outlined.