Knowledge-based Urban Development Research Articles

Decentralized greywater treatment for reuse: a cost – benefit study for knowledge-based urban development (KBUD) Parks

Os sistemas de tratamento descentralizado são uma alternativa às tradicionais estações centralizadas, que tratam os efluentes domésticos nas grandes cidades. A descentralização é importante em áreas distantes do centro da cidade e pode facilitar o reúso em um mesmo edifício, transformando o local em uma região mais sustentável. Esses sistemas podem ser bem aplicados em Parques de Desenvolvimento Urbano Baseado em Conhecimento (KBUD), principalmente os de quarta geração, que também consideram o meio ambiente como uma pedra fundamental do desenvolvimento. Assim, nosso objetivo foi verificar a viabilidade do sistema descentralizado de tratamento de água cinza para produzir água não potável a ser reutilizada em um escritório no International Hub for Sustainable Development (HIDS), um KBUD de quarta geração. Em uma revisão bibliográfica, o Wetland foi considerado a melhor opção e a análise de custo-benefício foi realizada. A estimativa de demanda e produção de água cinza (inclui água de fontes como pias, chuveiros, banheiras, máquinas de lavar e utensílios de cozinha, exceto a água de vasos sanitários) foi baseada em dados coletados em campo nos departamentos da Universidade de Campinas (UNICAMP). Como resultado, o sistema foi projetado para tratar 135 m³ de água por mês, levando a uma economia de 22,65 m³ de água por mês. A economia mensal será de US$ 415. Com base nas estimativas de custo, a economia gerada recuperaria o investimento inicial do sistema em menos de três meses de uso, com uma taxa interna de retorno (TIR) de 34,9% em um ano. Assim, o custo-benefício é substancial, uma vez que o retorno do investimento é rápido. Portanto, o sistema é viável e interessante do ponto de vista sustentável.

Towards a knowledge-hub destination: analysis and recommendation for implementing TOD for Qatar national library metro station

During the past two decades, Qatar, a developing country, has invested heavily in infrastructure development to address several challenges caused by the rapid urbanization. Qatar has made a significant step toward its urban sustainability vision through the construction of the Doha Metro system. By adopting Transit-Oriented Development (TOD), Qatar is overcoming some urban challenges. TOD promotes compact, walkable, and mixed-use development around the transit nodes, which enhances the public realm through providing pedestrian-oriented and active spaces. Additionally, Qatar aims to transfer to a knowledge-based economy through developing an environment that will attract knowledge and creative human power. Qatar Foundation is taking the lead toward implementing a Knowledge-Based Urban Development (KBUD) through its flagship project: Education City (EC). This study aims therefore to evaluate the integration of TOD and KBUD strategies to leverage the potential of TOD in attracting knowledge and creative economy industries. The selected case study is Qatar National Library (QNL) metro station at the EC in Doha. The study examines the potential of QNL as a destination TOD to enhance the area's mission as a driver for a knowledge-based economy. The methodological approach is based on the analytical concepts obtained from the Integrated Modification Methodology as a sustainable urban design process. The study’s results revealed that void and function, followed by volume, are the weakest layers of the study area's Complex Adaptive System which require morphological modification to achieve sustainability and a knowledge-hub TOD. The study offers recommendations to assist planners and designers in making better decisions toward regenerating urban areas through a knowledge-hub TOD contributing to the spill out of knowledge and creativity into the public realm creating a human-centric vibrant public space adjacent to metro stations.

Conceptual model Presentation of knowledge-based urban development in order to Planning and optimization of future cities: A Qualitative Study

Conceptual model Presentation of knowledge-based urban development in order to Planning and optimization of future cities: A Qualitative Study

TOWARD A MODEL FOR THE POLICY REQUIREMENTS OF TECHNOLOGICAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE URBAN ECOSYSTEM

Abstract. Cities are creating an environment that encourages digital growth. Cities' capacity to facilitate and drive the development of a digital core system emphasizes the importance of cities in creating the necessary circumstances for a successful ecosystem - access to talent, access to funding, access to spaces and locations, and access to markets. Cities, on the other hand, can contribute to the creation of mechanisms such as co-investment funds, in which the public and private sectors share the risk of supporting new creative businesses. All facets of manufacturing, consumption, and regulatory services could be altered by digital technologies in our everyday routines. By introducing new capabilities and business models, as well as by influencing their environment and the policy systems that govern them, they will have a significant impact on entrepreneurial ecosystems. In this article, we are looking for a model that may express policy requirements of technological entrepreneurship in the urban ecosystem, based on knowledge about the importance and requirements of entrepreneurial ecosystems, the smart city approach, and the knowledge-based development strategy.A comparative analytical method was used to conduct this research. We review the literature on ecosystems, urban ecosystems, smart cities, and knowledge-based urban development. Then we classified the parameters of each and presented how these categories are related in a model. In the research literature and in an executive position, dealing with a model for the policy requirements of technological entrepreneurship in the urban ecosystem can explain how the issue is operationalized, examine the city as an ecosystem where entrepreneurship occurs through technology and requires its own policies.

Smart Principles for Knowledge-based Urban Development

Cities undergo continuous transformation processes, which have unique characteristic manifestations over time. The changes in many Finnish cities currently focus on the vicinity of railway station areas due to changes in regional structures and rail transport, as well as the densification of city centres. The enthusiasm for this kind of development is also increased by the special features of railway station areas, which seem to provide opportunities for new kinds of local economic and innovation policies. Railway station areas are also favourable locations for the application of various smart city technologies and services. In this article, we analyse the development of Finnish railway station areas as part of a wider continuum of urban development where both economic and innovation policies unify with urban planning. Case studies confirm our outlook of knowledge-based urban development transitioning to a new phase. This provides the prerequisites for interesting connections between railway station areas, the concept of a smart city and open innovation. One of the aims of our article is to bring together various themes that are brought up in smart city discussions and urban planning by introducing new kinds of spatial planning principles, which can be placed in three categories: 1) smart profiling, 2) smart design and 3) smart innovation.

Performance Indicators for the Evolution of Areas of Innovation: Porto Digital Case

Areas of Innovation (AOIs) need urban, economic, social and governance development. Building upon the theories of Triple Helix, Knowledge-Based Urban Development, Clusters of Innovation, and the evolution phases of AOIs, this study presents in a novel way, key performance indicators (KPI) that can be used to track and monitor the progress of an innovation district in distinct phases of development towards the achievement of its goals. Using the Porto Digital Case in Recife, the most awarded project in Brazil underway for 20 years at a Triple Helix hybrid organization Núcleo Gestor do Porto Digital (NGPD), performance indicators are analysed and classified. This yields further understanding of which stage of development they have become operative (from inception to maturity), which dimensions affected (namely, urban, economic, social and governance), and who (Triple Helix agents) has been involved with the major action power over it.

Leveraging knowledge discovery and knowledge visualization to define the “inner areas”: an application to an Italian province

Purpose Starting from a critical analysis of the main criteria currently used to identify marginal areas, this paper aims to propose a new classification model of such territories by leveraging knowledge discovery approaches and knowledge visualization techniques, which represent a fundamental pillar in the knowledge-based urban development process. Design/methodology/approach The methodology adopted in this study relies on the design science research, which includes five steps: problem identification, objective definition, solution design and development, demonstration and evaluation. Findings Results demonstrate how to exploit knowledge discovery and visualization to obtain multiple mappings of inner areas, in the aim to identify good practices and optimize resources to set up more effective territorial development strategies and plans. The proposed approach overcomes the traditional way adopted to map inner areas that uses a single indicator (i.e. the distance between a municipality and the nearest pole where it is possible to access to education, health and transportation services) and leverages seven groups of indicators that represent the distinguishing features of territories (territorial capital, social costs, citizenship, geo-demography, economy, innovation and sustainable development). Research limitations/implications The proposed model could be enriched by new variables, whose value can be collected by official sources and stakeholders engaged to provide both structured and unstructured data. Also, another enhancement could be the development of a cross-algorithms comparison that may reveal useful to suggest which algorithm can better suit the needs of policy makers or practitioners. Practical implications This study sets the ground for proposing a decision support tool that policy makers can use to classify in a new way the inner areas, thus overcoming the current approach and leveraging the distinguishing features of territories. Originality/value This study shows how the availability of distributed knowledge sources, the modern knowledge management techniques and the emerging digital technologies can provide new opportunities for the governance of a city or territory, thus revitalizing the domain of knowledge-based urban development.

Green and Compact: A Spatial Planning Model for Knowledge-Based Urban Development in Peri-Urban Areas

A seemingly unresolved debate in urban planning is the call for compactness and the provision of intra-urban green spaces. This article defines a multi-scalar spatial planning model for peri-urban areas and urban voids able to reconcile medium to high building densities with the provision of ecosystem services. The research is framed within design science research, and the theoretical definition of the model was followed by its application to the International Hub for Sustainable Development (HIDS) proposed by the University of Campinas, Brazil. The model’s parameters and indicators derive from a literature review, case studies, and GIS spatial analyses. A series of expert workshops and a survey were carried out to test and validate the model. The results show that the model can support knowledge-based development in peri-urban areas with high levels of population density while ensuring good accessibility to green spaces and productive landscapes. The model can serve as a planning and design tool and support the development of public policies for other contexts committed to more resilient and sustainable development.

A Social Innovation In Malaysia Vs Thailand: Strengths And Weaknesses

Innovation is important in enhancing the country's competitiveness and contributing to knowledge-based urban development. The development of innovation that focuses only on the economic perspective leads to the imbalance of development when there is a gap in economic growth and social development of society. The emergence of social innovation is a complement to corporate innovation that focuses only on profit. Thus, this article aims to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of social innovation in two countries which is Malaysia and Thailand. The findings show that both governments of Thailand and Malaysia have taken social innovations initiative as a serious matter by incorporating it as one important agenda in their economic planning and framework. However, besides of success stories discussed in this paper, there are also some weaknesses point out in this paper need to address seriously by the respected parties.

Policy Zoning Method for Innovation Districts to Sustainably Develop the Knowledge-Economy: A Case Study in Hangzhou, China

Innovation districts, as a particular place for knowledge-based urban development strategies, have been praised for promoting sustainable economic developments. They have, however, been criticized for contributing to gentrification, urban inequality, and other problems that hinder sustainability. There has been little research addressing how planners maintain economic sustainability and promote the social and environmental sustainability of innovation districts. This paper takes Hangzhou as a case study, using the policy zoning—a new zoning method based on suitability evaluation—to formulate the applicable place plan for building innovation districts. The results show that the policy zoning can help planners arrange the construction of innovation districts in certain urban areas and take the most targeted measures to improve the sustainability of possible innovation districts. These measures include either enhancing the foundations of the metropolitan area or promoting innovation development by referring to suitability evaluation results. Planning based on policy zoning is of benefit to the sustainability of innovation districts through avoiding the impulsive behavior of policymakers, as well as promoting the better distribution of development achievements among the people, rather than concentrating on land developers and stakeholders who pursue maximum profits.

O desenvolvimento urbano baseado no conhecimento como estratégia para promoção de cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis

Na era do conhecimento, o rápido progresso tecnológico, especialmente no campo das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, é visto como o principal aliado para responder às crescentes crises ambientais e socioeconômicas urbanas. Nesse contexto, as cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis são aquelas que empregam tecnologia e inovação para melhorar a qualidade de vida de seus cidadãos e a eficiência dos serviços, buscando o desenvolvimento urbano sustentável. Na prática, entretanto, diversos desafios se impõem às cidades que buscam tornar-se inteligentes e sustentáveis. Para agregar as dimensões de inteligência e sustentabilidade, as cidades precisam de soluções desenhadas localmente e planejamento urbano estratégico integrado e equilibrado. Um modelo estratégico aderente a esses requisitos é o Desenvolvimento Urbano Baseado no Conhecimento (DUBC), que articula quatro domínios de desenvolvimento baseado no conhecimento (econômico, social, espacial e institucional) para um processo de transformação urbana de longo prazo, no contexto da nova economia do conhecimento e da competitividade global. Por meio de revisão de literatura, este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar e discutir os principais aspectos conceituais e de aplicação do DUBC como uma abordagem estratégica para a promoção de cidades inteligentes e sustentáveis. Os resultados indicam que o DUBC pode contribuir ao oferecer uma abordagem multidimensional e integrada para o planejamento urbano estratégico que inclui a implementação de tecnologias urbanas, desenvolvidas por processos endógenos de inovação e voltadas a um desenvolvimento urbano verdadeiramente inteligente e sustentável.

Strategizing Smart, Sustainable, and Knowledge-Based Development of Cities: Insights from Florianópolis, Brazil

Unarguably, smart, sustainable, and knowledge-based development is critical for securing a livable future for our rapidly urbanizing world. The aim of this study is to generate insights into determining effective and efficient strategies to increase sustainability and innovation capabilities of cities to achieve long-term desired urban outcomes. This paper places the city of Florianópolis (Brazil) under the smart, sustainable, and knowledge-based urban development microscope. The methodological approach of the study involves a qualitative analysis through surveys (100 submitted forms, 55 responses received) and interviews (12) with key experts and stakeholders from Florianópolis. The findings of the study reveal that Florianópolis’ innovation ecosystem has high potential to thrive, but the city still has structural issues to deal with first, related to the gap between the potential to grow, and acknowledgement from key actors of the city to support the overall territory development considering the complex dimensions. This issue suggests amplifying the ecosystem’s vision, including different sectors and, especially, addressing innovation for the common good. The insights generated from the investigation of Florianópolis’ case are also invaluable to other cities’ planning for strategizing their transformation, and seeking smart, sustainable, and knowledge-based development pathways.

Urban Development Index (UDI): A Comparison between the City of Rio de Janeiro and Four Other Global Cities

One of the methods to assess the urban development of a city is to allocate indicators that quantify its efficiency in performing various functions, such as urban mobility, security, sustainability, and economy, among others. The motivation of this work is the fact that the city of Rio de Janeiro, although widely known and admired around the world for its natural beauty, has a wide negative notoriety regarding its urban functionality. There is a critical need for investment in the city’s infrastructure in order to improve the quality of life of its population. The novelty of this work is in proposing an index that quantifies the urban functionality of the city of Rio de Janeiro and that represents urban development. The research focuses on optimizing investments in infrastructure and hence increasing the urban performance offered by the city of Rio de Janeiro. In the proposed methodology for modeling the Urban Development Index (UDI), this work presents the model structure made from a knowledge-based urban development assessment model (KBUD/AM), the determination of the indicators, the selection of the cities, the data collection from primary and secondary sources and the use of statistical techniques for data normalization and scaling. The research aims to quantify, compare and evaluate the level of urban development of Rio de Janeiro, performing benchmarking with other four global cities (Stockholm, Shanghai, Boston, and Cape Town). Cities are ranked for their UDI to make the comparison more straightforward. Based on the results, Rio de Janeiro ranks second to last among the five cities studied, with an UDI of 0.395, only slightly better than Cape Town. The results confirm that the city of Rio de Janeiro has several deficiencies, especially in the education, safety and health sectors, and is very far from most of the other developed cities. The city of Rio de Janeiro should promote investments in research and development. Finally, this work confirms that Rio de Janeiro must tackle security problems as a matter of priority.

Exploring the Impact of Complex Multi-Level Governance Structures on the Societal Contribution of Universities to Knowledge-Based Urban Development

The current debate aims to reconceptualize the changing role and missions of the university in today’s knowledge economy and investigate how universities’ knowledge resources can benefit urban development and inform the direction of changes in universities. However, there is a lack of empirical studies exploring how governance networks and the institutional conditions of universities in specific contexts can support, limit and/or incentivize the integration of academic activities into societal development. There is a discussion of the various and paradoxical components of university transformation (institutional and physical), affecting their societal contribution, which conceptualizes a holistic and integrated approach towards governance that previously has not been fully investigated. This paper will examine the co-location case of university campuses in Trondheim to explore the implications of a multilevel governance network for achieving the goals of sustainable and knowledge-based urban development. This paper suggests that engineering effective governance is challenging and that factors related to the culture of the institution and their connecting strategies, government priorities, and temporal factors have a great influence on universities’ contribution to their societies. While investigating governance in this topic requires political, cultural, and periodic review, focusing on the interactions of governance multi-layers, this paper concludes that governments’ control functions or some moderate hierarchical coordination is necessary to avoid the failure of university governance and unbalanced societal contributions.

A vision of sustainable & smart knowledge based urban development in Iraqi cities: adopting GIS to determine knowledge capital elements and strategies in the city of Hila

The research seeks to explain the dimensions of development in cities according to the foundations and mechanisms of knowledge capital, especially urban capital, which contributes to enhancing the characteristics that create successful knowledge cities and support their strategies. A local case study was conducted to determine the potential of applying knowledge-based urban development strategies, and in accordance with the specific analytical framework for the characteristics and indicators of knowledge cities. The analytical framework for knowledge cities indicators will be adopted as a baseline for the analysis of the characteristics of the cluster and diversity. Two basic studies included: the structural plan for Babil province ( five phases prepared between 2009 and 2010), and the master plan for Hila 2006. A survey method applied to collect the required, and use the latest available statistics about the city. The master plan of the city was analyzed, updated for specific indicators through GIS method. Opportunities for development of two axes were developed in the center of the northern and southern university. Implementation of the cluster strategy. In the center of the ancient city of Babylon, with knowledge gathering support strategy, and knowledge capital indicators are monitored according to the framework tested to determine the course of the three strategies.

The roles of universities in knowledge-based urban development: a critical review

Universities are increasingly recognised as key actors in the knowledge-based urban development process, occupying a crucial role of knowledge creators and transmitters. This paper takes a critical view of these roles and reviews the extant literature to present a synopsis of relevant work examining universities and open innovation, the uncertainties involved in the process of knowledge transfer, and the spatial scope of university-industry links. The paper proposes a number of areas for future development: understanding the heterogeneity of universities and how this influences their potential roles in knowledge-based urban development; a better understanding of how uncertainties in the partner selection process may prevent efficient university-industry collaboration to promote knowledge-based urban development; further exploration of the micro-level processes involved in knowledge transfer between universities and firms; and a broader understanding of the roles of proximities in facilitating these links.

The roles of universities in knowledge-based urban development: a critical review

The roles of universities in knowledge-based urban development: a critical review

Areas of innovation in cities: the evolution of 22@Barcelona

Areas of innovation (AOIs) are on the agenda of urban planners in the revitalisation of inner cities. The knowledge-based economy provides the opportunity to base these revitalisation efforts in creating AOIs as an evolution of the old industrial districts. Grounded in key conceptual frameworks in this research field - triple helix model, knowledge-based urban development paradigm, clusters of innovation framework, co-evolutionary theory, learning region theory and lifecycle of a new venture - as a reference, this work contributes to the existing literature by proposing a comprehensive model for the evolution of AOIs from inception to maturity. Using a case research study approach, the 22@Barcelona case, an AOI that transformed an old industrial district into a knowledge-based one, allows to analyse its evolution and to elaborate a model. Academic value stems from a new theorising effort of the evolution of AOIs. Urban planners benefit by getting additional clues in the revitalisation of cities.

Knowledge-Based Urban Development The Impact of Knowledge- Based Urban Development in the Growth of Contemporary Cities

Urban Development refers to many topics such as: increased population density, city size, and individual’s production, distribution of technology and the growth of commercial, industrial and service professions. Such development is linked to the coordination of social and cultural trends in order to achieve social progress and economical prosperity. Knowledge as a topic now is known as intellectual capital wich led to upgrae the concept of urban development to be extended into many fields of knowledge, for example, cultural, social and human development to move the level of community culture into a new better standard.
 The research adopted the urban transformation based on knowledge as an important factor in growth and development of contemporary cities. T he lack of studies regarding this was the research problem which led to a hypothesis set as (Knowledge-based urban development is an important tool in contemporary cities growth). Research aimed (to build a knowledge frame-work related to knowledge-based urban development impact on contemporary cities growth) through the following sequence:
 
 Creating a knowledge-based urban development literature review.
 Clarifying the relationship between the knowledge-based urban development and knowledge workers.
 Determining the theoretical framework to recognize level of impact of knowledge-based urban development on the city growth.
 Testing the hypothesis according to the theoretical framework in selecting designated cities such as Sydney & Melbourne were selected as a case study, since they represent good examples for knowledge cities.
 
 The research concluded that: knowledge-based urban development in cities depend on technical economic and community directories as a mechanism to achieve knowledge-based economy and build a new spatial relationship (Knowledge City).
 Keywords: knowledge-based urban development, knowledge, knowledge workers, knowledge-based economy, Knowledge City.
 Urban Development refers to many topics such as: increased population density, city size, and individual’s production, distribution of technology and the growth of commercial, industrial and service professions. Such development is linked to the coordination of social and cultural trends in order to achieve social progress and economical prosperity. Knowledge as a topic now is known as intellectual capital wich led to upgrae the concept of urban development to be extended into many fields of knowledge, for example, cultural, social and human development to move the level of community culture into a new better standard.
 The research adopted the urban transformation based on knowledge as an important factor in growth and development of contemporary cities. T he lack of studies regarding this was the research problem which led to a hypothesis set as (Knowledge-based urban development is an important tool in contemporary cities growth). Research aimed (to build a knowledge frame-work related to knowledge-based urban development impact on contemporary cities growth) through the following sequence:
 
 Creating a knowledge-based urban development literature review.
 Clarifying the relationship between the knowledge-based urban development and knowledge workers.
 Determining the theoretical framework to recognize level of impact of knowledge-based urban development on the city growth.
 Testing the hypothesis according to the theoretical framework in selecting designated cities such as Sydney & Melbourne were selected as a case study, since they represent good examples for knowledge cities.
 
 The research concluded that: knowledge-based urban development in cities depend on technical economic and community directories as a mechanism to achieve knowledge-based economy and build a new spatial relationship (Knowledge City).
 

Towards Smart Florianópolis: What Does It Take to Transform a Tourist Island into an Innovation Capital?

During the last several decades, the diversification of economic activities has become a paramount policy for nations and cities with heavy dependence on a single economic driver. Particularly island economies, relying mainly on tourism income, are among the most vulnerable ones to the shocks of global financial crises. In the recent years, some of these tourist islands had attempts to diversify their economic activities by moving towards a knowledge and innovation economy. This paper places one of these islands—Florianópolis, the capital city of the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina—under the microscope to address the question of ‘what it takes to transform a tourist island into an innovation capital’. In order to tackle this question, the study examines economic, social, spatial, and governance conditions and performances, along with the plans and processes of Florianópolis in moving towards an internationally recognized smart innovation island. The methodologic approach includes systematic review of the literature and qualitative analysis of the key development domains of Florianópolis through the lens of knowledge-based urban development. The results of this study provide insights into how to transform a resource-based economy into a knowledge-based one—by disclosing the transition journey of Florianópolis, including progress, challenges, and the new path creation processes. The findings are particularly useful for tourist islands that are aiming for an aspiring knowledge-based urban development and smart city transformation.