Research-based Knowledge Research Articles

Using a Design Science Research Approach in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Project

Design science is a problem-solving approach that focuses on how to develop and produce artifacts having desired properties. A Design Science Research (DSR) approach was followed to develop a Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) artifact (semiotic framework [Semiotic Interface sign Design and Evaluation – the SIDE framework]) to help practitioners to design and evaluate the web interfaces. The objective of this paper is to present how a DSR approach was adopted in a HCI project and to highlight what lessons were learned by adopting the DSR approach in developing a HCI artifact. This paper outlines how the principles and guidelines of DSR approach were adopted, while performing the activities of the DSR process model to construct the artifact. Lessons learned from this case study and their implications in HCI research are also discussed; that includes, for example, DSR provides higher level of procedural transparency, maintains the research rigor, create a bridge between the HCI and IS, provides established research knowledge base, support to claim both as an approach and a paradigm, and facilitates to employ both inductive and deductive design activities.

Students’ learning outcomes from cross-collaborative supervision in information seeking processes during work placements

This article presents student experiences and learning outcomes in information literacy (IL) and evidence-based practice (EBP) following interdisciplinary supervision of their assignments by nurse educators, nurse supervisors and librarians in real clinical settings.The article is based on qualitative and quantitative text analysis of 102 individual student logs, qualitative text analysis of 36 student group assignments, feedback from an evaluation form and 285 blog and wiki comments from students, nurse educators, nurse supervisors and librarians. It is analysed according to the first five steps of the EBP model of and feedback from an evaluation form.The students’ learning outcomes in information literacy improved by using the EBP model. By the end of the project period, 83 % of the students had integrated a focus on research-based knowledge into their work placement assignment. The interdisciplinary joint supervision and a related blog and wiki communication forum had significant influence on this outcome space. The preparation programme for the students on campus, before work practice placements was developed collaboratively between the nursing education programme and the Learning Centre and library.There is very little existing research on the effect of cross-collaborative supervision in IL where both physical and digital tools have been used in work placements. This challenges established routines and ways of conducting supervision in IL in both the library and nursing education, because of the need to collaborate more tightly than before.

Who Owns the Content and Who Runs the Risk? Dynamics of Teacher Change in Teacher\u2013Researcher Collaboration

We present analyses of teacher professional growth during collaboration between science teachers and science education researchers, with special focus on how the differential assumption of responsibility between teachers and researchers affected the growth processes. The collaboration centered on a new conceptual framework introduced by the researchers, which aimed at empowering teachers to plan teaching in accordance with perceived purposes. Seven joint planning meetings between teachers and researchers were analyzed, both quantitatively concerning the extent to which the introduced framework became part of the discussions and qualitatively through the interconnected model of teacher professional growth. The collaboration went through three distinct phases characterized by how and the extent to which the teachers made use of the new framework. The change sequences identified in relation to each phase show that teacher recognition of salient outcomes from the framework was important for professional growth to occur. Moreover, our data suggest that this recognition may have been facilitated because the researchers, in initial phases of the collaboration, took increased responsibility for the implementation of the new framework. We conclude that although this differential assumption of responsibility may result in unequal distribution of power between teachers and researchers, it may at the same time mean more equal distribution of concrete work required as well as the inevitable risks associated with pedagogical innovation and introduction of research-based knowledge into science teachers’ practice.

Preface to the focused issue: up-to-date knowledge of basic and translational research on bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers of the urinary tract, and it is a highly fatal disease with frequent recurrence and progression. Therefore, there is an urgent need for gaining an understanding of the exact pathophysiology of bladder cancer, as well as for developing new and effective treatment modalities. While many challenging scientific questions are still unanswered, major advances in molecular biology and cancer genetics have greatly increased the knowledge of molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development and progression, leading to significant advances in the treatment of bladder cancer over the last decade.

Thoughtful practice: Taking professional development a step further

This paper reports on a follow-up study of one teacher, two years after she participated in a numeracy staff development contract based on the Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) philosophy. The discussion is based on classroom observations and a semi-structured interview focusing on Ms Smith's perspective on the experience. She explains how she uses the research-based knowledge about the development of children's mathematical thinking gained from professional development to inform the teaching and learning of mathematics in her classroom. This single case study is used to give some insight into reflective practice, self-sustaining and generative change in the teaching of mathematics, and professional development.

Action research – connecting practice and theory

Teacher education is often criticised for not being relevant and for there being a lack of continuity between practice teaching and the university coursework. In the literature, action research is presented as a way to bridge the gap and connect the two. The present article explores, through a qualitative study, how research-based knowledge communicated at the university and experiences from practice teaching interact in student teachers’ action research projects. The study also explores the outcome, for the student teachers, of conducting research in their practicum. The findings show that student teachers use theory and research in many different ways, and they are both consumers and producers of research. They especially emphasise the outcome of theory interacting with real situations encountered in the teaching practice. Contributing to a positive impact on their outcome were the opportunity they are offered to reflect on their own practice, the possibility they have to focus on something they find important, and the chance to make their own experiences with a particular tool for professional development.

Lesson Study to Scale Up Research-Based Knowledge: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Fractions Learning

An understanding of fractions eludes many U.S. students, and research-based knowledge about fractions, such as the utility of linear representation, has not broadly influenced instruction. This randomized trial of lesson study supported by mathematical resources assigned 39 educator teams across the United States to locally managed lesson study supported by a fractions lesson study resource kit or to 1 of 2 control conditions. Educators (87% of whom were elementary teachers) self-managed learning over a 3-month period. HLM analyses indicated significantly greater improvement of educators' and students' fractions knowledge for teams randomly assigned to lesson study with resource kits. Results suggest that integrating researchbased resources into lesson study offers a new approach to the problem of “scale-up” by combining the strengths of teacher leadership and research-based knowledge.

Placement mentors making sense of research-based knowledge

Placement mentors’ role increasingly implies demonstrating to student teachers how research-based knowledge in combination with experience-based knowledge may be relevant in teachers’ professional work. This is a challenge. Placement mentors are often unsure how to make sense of research-based knowledge. Frequently there is a mismatch between what they say they can do and what they actually show they are able to do. This paper explores how placement mentors’ reasoning is formed by their lack of power to define what research-based knowledge consists of. The analysis in this paper is based on an investigation of the epistemological premises that placement mentors rely on when they validate research-based knowledge. The theoretical–analytical point of departure is Michel Foucault’s conception of power-knowledge.

Swedish Principals’ Understanding of the Concept: Education Based on Research and Proven Experience

This study aims generate new knowledge concerning how principals in primary and secondaryeducation in Sweden conceive of and experience the concepts of ‘research basis’ and ‘provenexperience’. The study included in-depth interviews with eight principals. The interviews wereanalysed, and the results are theoretically founded in the phenomenographic life-world.The results indicate that Swedish principals in primary and secondary schools are poorlyprepared for managing schools where the education must be based on research and provenexperience. The principals have no education in this area, nor do they have any co-workerswho can take the responsibility to implement and/or generate research-based knowledge. Aninteresting question is: Does education require a specific research concept that differs fromthe academies definition?

Book Review: Title: Participatory Evaluation up Close: An Integration of Research-Based Knowledge

Book Review: Title: Participatory Evaluation up Close: An Integration of Research-Based Knowledge

Leisure and meaning-making: Implications for rehabilitation to engage persons with disabilities

BACKGROUND: Humans strive for meaning-making, which refers to the process by which a person derives meanings from an activity in life and makes sense of one’s life. OBJECTIVE: This paper summarizes the research-based knowledge about the role of leisure in meaning-making, and describes implications of this role for rehabilitation to engage individuals with disabilities. RESULTS: The key themes of meaning-making through leisure include: (1) identity, (2) creativity, (3) connectedness, (4) harmony/balance, (5) stress-coping and healing, (6) growth/transformation, and (7) experiential and existential aspects of leisure. These seven themes seem to converge for the idea that engagement with life is an overarching theme to describe these functions. Specifically, a meaningful engagement with life can be achieved by maintaining several elements including: (a) a joyful life, (b) a composed life, (c) a connected life, (d) a discovered life, and (e) a hopeful and empowered life. Research has shown that leisure can promote all of these elements of meaningful engagement with life. CONCLUSIONS: Any leisure activity that has an element of engagement in a broad sense (e.g., with self, others, and nature/world) can facilitate meaning-making, while meaning-focused leisure practice emphasizes the value of people proactively leading the process rather than people being told what to do in a prescriptive way.

Enriching and enhancing digital cultural heritage through crowd contribution

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the status of digitization of manuscripts in India and to give suggestions to transcribe these manuscripts easily, effortlessly and expeditiously.Design/methodology/approachThe study is based on the analytical study of the literature available on global efforts in respect of documentation, preservation, conservation and digitization of manuscripts with special emphasis on the efforts of “namami” (acronym for National Manuscript Mission) for Indian manuscripts.FindingsMeticulous analysis of literature and case studies give an overview of the diverse practices of public participation/crowd collaboration to transcribe and tagging of the rare and old historical documents around the globe. However, Indian libraries are far behind in adopting such practices.Practical implicationsIndia has a very rich cultural, educational and research heritage preserved in the form of manuscripts. These thousands of manuscripts are significant source of knowledge base for many researchers, however, despite their heritage value, these remain inaccessible to the researchers because of their being scattered and unpublished form. Moreover, even the digitized manuscripts remain difficult to use by the researchers because of immense linguistic diversity and scripts. Documentation and digitization of these manuscripts will not only preserve the invaluable heritage of India but also will enable their easy and vast access by the researchers globally. With the rapid growth in digital information and web-based technology, galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM) around the world encourage and engage public participation in various digitization projects to enrich and enhance their digital collections and place them on the web. However, Indian GLAM still refrains to accept and adopt such practices. Thus this paper will encourage and motivate the Indian GLAM to expedite their digitization and uploading them on web for tagging and transcribing.Originality/valueThis is an original paper and has great implementation value. During the study enormous literature was available on digitization of Indian manuscripts. However, not even a single study could be found on tagging and transcription of these manuscripts, specifically crowd contribution in this area. Hence, the paper, by presenting the evidences of crowd participation for the tagging and transcription of manuscripts globally, proposes the Indian GLAM to exploit the benefits of this practice for Indian manuscripts also in order to expedite the tagging process to enhance their usage.

A Qualitative Study of Challenges and Opportunities in Mobilizing Research Knowledge on Violence Against Women.

Background Effective delivery of interventions by health and social services requires research-based knowledge which identifies the causes and consequences of violence against women. Methods to effectively share new knowledge with violence against women decision-makers remain under studied. Purpose This paper examines how new research-based knowledge-namely, the lack of efficacy of health-care screening for exposure to intimate partner violence against women-is received by stakeholders in the violence against women field. Methods Data from 10 stakeholder group discussions ( N = 86) conducted during a knowledge-sharing forum were analyzed to assess how stakeholders responded to the new knowledge. Results Participant reactions ranged from full acceptance to significant resistance to the research findings. We suggest themes that help explain these reactions, including the context and content of our findings and their epistemological match to participants' experiences and beliefs, and the perceived value of research evidence, compared to other forms of knowledge. Conclusions Violence against women is a complex psycho-social phenomenon, and people with an interest in this field bring diverse and even conflicting perspectives regarding its causes, consequences, and potential solutions.

Successful innovation: A time for change?

Innovation plays an important role in the advancement of nuclear cardiology, meeting the need for reduced exposure to radiation, and maintaining and improving image quality. As we innovate, it is important to understand the impact of these improvements on the clinical and research knowledge base that has made nuclear cardiology such a powerful clinical tool. The need for comparative studies insuring stability in the clinical applicability of our current guidelines and use of the prognostic power of radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging in clinical practice is essential for new and innovative techniques. The existing data demonstrating the significant differences that can occur with the innovative techniques is explored. The need for tools to insure comparable data is available as we begin to utilize registries to inform our clinical practice and research will be an important part of the future of nuclear cardiology.

Learning Black Language Matters

How can and must critical qualitative inquiry be part of ongoing struggles for cultural and educational justice with the communities of our work? We explore this question by reflecting on our collaborative research on culturally sustaining pedagogy centered in the study of Black Language (BL). Building on the core humanizing research notion of dialogic consciousness-raising between researchers and participants, we describe the ways the three of us came to deepened knowledge about the role of BL in our lives and in the lives of the high school students we worked with through a humanizing research as culturally sustaining pedagogy framework. In this framework, the ability to participate in BL, research-based knowledge about BL, and critical collaborative research on BL joined reciprocal inquiry with teaching and learning to center the value of our Black language and Black lives within a schooling and research enterprise that often devalues both.

HRD Curriculum Meets Global Human Capital Challenge

The Problem Human resource development (HRD) academic programs have grown and evolved over the last 25 plus years in a dynamic, global economy; yet, many HRD academic programs still grapple to define their role and purpose. Without the ability to clearly articulate the potential contributions undergraduate and graduate HRD programs offer the HRD profession, our universities, and global economy, we weaken our capacity to advance the field of HRD. Each year since 1999, The Conference Board, a global research association, has asked CEOs, presidents, and chair people across the globe to identify their most critical challenges. In the CEO Challenge 2015 and 2016 Reports, human capital was ranked as the number one global challenge. As the top challenge, CEOs view human capital in all its forms—from dynamic leadership to a skilled workforce cadre—as the primary fuel that will drive the engines of growth within their organizations. Undergraduate HRD programs are uniquely positioned to academically prepare entry-level professionals with the research-based knowledge, skills, and abilities required to develop the people needed for today’s organizations; yet universities struggle to find appropriate patterns and themes for their curriculum. The Solution This article provides a framework, an underlying structure, for undergraduate HRD academic programs mapped to strategies deployed globally by CEOs to meet their number one challenge of human capital—to build sustainable organizations and economies. Implications for developing undergraduate HRD curricula are included. The Stakeholders HRD scholars, practitioners, and higher education administrators interested in the academic preparation of entry-level HRD professionals.

Finding, Appraising and Interpreting the Evidence of Health IT.

Evidence-based health informatics can be described as a scientific approach to meeting the multiplicity of tasks involved in the development, implementation and sustainability of health information technologies (IT). The practice of evidence-based health informatics incorporates methods to help find, appraise and utilise research-based knowledge. The aim of this contribution is to describe the steps of finding, appraising and interpreting the evidence of health IT. It lists major sources of literature in the health field, and highlights a number of considerations for undertaking reviews, drawing on some key landmark reviews that have helped to shape the health informatics discipline. It also considers key issues highlighted by these reviews particularly in regard to the validity of findings, their generalisability and their impact on patient outcomes. The contribution also provides suggestions for tackling the challenge of potential publication bias, and how to deal with heterogeneous findings.

Draft genome of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus and genetic polymorphism among color variants.

The Japanese sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka 1867) is an economically important species as a source of seafood and ingredient in traditional medicine. It is mainly found off the coasts of northeast Asia. Recently, substantial exploitation and widespread biotic diseases in A. japonicus have generated increasing conservation concern. However, the genomic knowledge base and resources available for researchers to use in managing this natural resource and to establish genetically based breeding systems for sea cucumber aquaculture are still in a nascent stage. A total of 312 Gb of raw sequences were generated using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform and assembled to a final size of 0.66 Gb, which is about 80.5% of the estimated genome size (0.82 Gb). We observed nucleotide-level heterozygosity within the assembled genome to be 0.986%. The resulting draft genome assembly comprising 132 607 scaffolds with an N50 value of 10.5 kb contains a total of 21 771 predicted protein-coding genes. We identified 6.6–14.5 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the assembled genome of the three natural color variants (green, red, and black), resulting in an estimated nucleotide diversity of 0.00146. We report the first draft genome of A. japonicus and provide a general overview of the genetic variation in the three major color variants of A. japonicus. These data will help provide a comprehensive view of the genetic, physiological, and evolutionary relationships among color variants in A. japonicus, and will be invaluable resources for sea cucumber genomic research.

Who bridged the “Valley of Death” between basic research and clinical research? In the case of immune‐checkpoints CTLA‐4 and PD‐1 based on inter‐citation network

ABSTRACTWe explored who wrote the milestone articles in the innovation processes of immune‐checkpoints CTLA‐4 and PD‐1. In order to map the processes, a literature inter‐citation network analysis was made through HistCite and Pajek. We found knowledge flow through citations between topics (clusters), transverse knowledge diffusion between topics at the same basic research level and knowledge translation from basic research to clinical research. Betweenness Centrality showed a good performance in selecting key nodes of knowledge flow.

Ethics of translational medical research.

Translational research is the science of application of basic research knowledge to develop novel methods of improving public health outcome. This review briefly discusses the various phases involved and the hurdles faced in the translational pathway, how translational science originated, and the infrastructures consigned for translational research. Translational research also faces numerous diverse ethical issues similar to those observed in biomedical research. The various types of ethical issues faced whereas conducting translational research are discussed briefly in this review to help researchers identify and prevent unethical practices while conducting or regulating translational research.