Knowledge-based Engineering Research Articles

Project Approach as the Methodology of Constructing the Content and Technology of University Education

The quality of university education is an important factor in the cultural, scientific and technological progress of the nation. So many scientists around the world are now engaged in the reflection of nature, focus and mission of universities. The authors of the article, analyzing the tendency in the development of universities in advanced countries, and based on their own experience, conclude that the purpose of universities, unlike other educational institutions does not consist in preparing performers of established professional functions, but in the formation of a certain stratum of professionals, manifesting themselves in a variety of cultural and technological fields as initiators and guides to innovation, a kind of generators of progress. This is possible if the basis for the construction of the content and technology of university education will be based on a project approach. This methodology directs toward such a construction of the educational process in which teachers and students are included in the basic and applied research, which is completed after the creation of projects that provide outdistancing development of economy and social sphere. In this process intending specialists are originally formed as bearers of experience of forecasting and innovation policy, perception and penetration of knowledge-based technologies in various spheres of social practices.

융복합수업모형으로서의 PBL(Problem-Based Learning) : 대학교양미술 수업사례를 중심으로

The current society characterized by knowledge-based information technology and multiculturalism put more emphasis on problem-solving skills, creative thinking, and communication skills than any other periods did. In response to the demand of the current times, multidisciplinary, or convergence courses and majors are being created and conducted in college education, yet, with the lack of specific teaching and learning model for the convergence courses. In this context, this study aimed to examine PBL as an instructional model for the convergent approaches in classroom, since PBL has been regarded as a model for fostering the 21st century learning capabilities for student coupled with the learning principles of authentic tasks, learner-centeredness, collaborative learning. This study, after conducted a PBL course for the general art education during the summer semester of 2014, analyzed the result using data collected from students' reflective journals, in-depth interviews, and SNS posts among the students. The result presented students' enhanced self-respect, increased interest in their learning and communication skills, and their recognition of the value on diversity and empathetic attitudes toward each others. In conclusion, PBL showed its potential as an alternative instructional model for the multidisciplinary and convergent learning in college education.

Evaluation of Lung IMRT Plans Quality Using a Knowledge-Based Engineering Tool

Evaluation of Lung IMRT Plans Quality Using a Knowledge-Based Engineering Tool

Selection strategy for milling parts on CNC Machines

Practical knowledge and experience of engineers, CNC programmers, operators related to the implementation of production tasks in the workshop are essential. Every day, developed, perfected for companies specialty, “technological knowledge base “, is a specific, dedicated to the particular conditions of the key to success – the “know -how “in the concrete conditions of production. This knowledge can be relatively easily processed and developed, in particular with regard to the development of technology in the CAM. Additionally subjected to simulation analysis allows comparison of different strategies and variations of part in the design of technology. Several years of authors experience in the analysis of the work ‘s CAM systems in many companies has enabled the formulation of universal principles of numerical simulations that take into account the individual characteristics of the workpiece and the specificity of the selected CNC machine with accessories. Conducted research on the production based on Catia V5 program and Mastercam X6 confirmed the validity of this approach and helped to correcting some of the assumptions developed algorithm.

Development of onthology based quiz generator for “Moodle

The knowledge-based information technology, which solves the problem of automatic generation of quizzes with grouping them according to the hierarchy of domain concepts was developed. Existing methods of ontology representation and available tools for automatic quiz generation were investigated. Based on the analysis of formats and technologies that use existing software tools Protege and MOODLE, guidelines and recommendations for the domain ontology construction were developed. The requirements were formulated, and the class of ontologies that can be used for further processing by the proposed methods was identified. A software tool - quiz generator was developed. Using quizzes in the educational process allows to quickly check the knowledge of large groups of students, to monitor the educational achievements, reduce data processing time. However, developing effective and verified quizzes is quite a time-consuming process, which contains a lot of routine work. Four target types of quizzes in a closed form suitable for automatic processing were identified. It was revealed that the generated quizzes are verified, i.e. questions do not contain any errors since they were automatically generated from true statements, the generated quiz does not need to be checked for errors and the number of questions is sufficient to use not only for control but also for learning. The developed technology will allow to increase the number of educational quizzes, thereby freeing a teacher from routine work in favor of its creative component, thus will enhance the education quality.

A Study Investigating Knowledge-based Engineering Methodologies Analysis

now commonly accepted that building ontology is a key step in the development of knowledge based systems. A quite number of methodologies for ontology development have been proposed in the literature. However, this field still lacks mature methodologies which provide a clear vision for how to build ontologies. Most methodologies provide insufficient details about their adopted techniques and activities. This paper gives a preliminary guide which analysis and discusses some selected methodologies for ontology building. The important criteria and guidelines resulting from current literature have been adapted to perform this discussion and analysis. The performed analysis showed as outcomes that the existing methodology needs and additional hard work to be mature.

Mechanism-based suicide inactivation of white Spanish broom (Cytisus multiflorus) peroxidase by excess hydrogen peroxide

Suicide inactivation is a common mechanism observed for haem peroxidases, in which the enzyme is inactivated as a result of self-oxidation mediated by intermediate highly oxidizing enzyme forms during the catalytic cycle. The time-dependence and the inactivation mechanism of Cytisus multiflorus peroxidase (CMP) by hydrogen peroxide were studied kinetically with four co-substrates (2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferulic acid, guaiacol and o-dianisidine). Catalytic activity decreased following the sequence ABTS>guaiacol>ferulic acid>o-dianisidine. Once the intermediate complex (compound III-H2O2) had been formed, competition was established between the catalytic pathway and the suicide inactivation pathway. One mole of CMP afforded around 3790 turnovers of H2O2 for ABTS before its complete inactivation. These results suggest that CMP follows a suicide mechanism, the enzyme not being protected in this case. The mechanism of suicide inactivation is discussed with a view to establishing a broad knowledge base for future rational protein engineering.

Keimanan Kepada Yang Tuhan Maha Esa sebagai Inti Kurikulum Sekolah (Kasus di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu Al-Fatah Bekasi)

<p>The primary objective of this study is: First, determine the application of the model core curriculum in faith at Al - Fatah SDIT Bekasi. Second, knowing Implementation of faith as the core curriculum. Third, knowing the curriculum evaluation form cored faith. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. In the form of a research procedure that generates the data in the form of speech or descriptive writing and the observable behavior of people (subjects) themselves. A qualitative approach is used to reveal the descriptive data about what they do, and they feel natural to the formulation of the problem. Therefore, researchers are trying to record the activity that occurs at the site and observe the condition of the school as well as to collect data from both direct and indirect sources. The validity of the data examined using an extension of participation, persistence observation, triangulation, negative case analysis, checks member/peer discussions, member checking, and use references adequacy. Based on the purpose of the study, the results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, faith as the core curriculum in elementary school Isam Al - Fatah Bekasi is a model that integrates the values of faith into the curriculum since the structure of the curriculum as an idea, as a curriculum document, until the implementation of the curriculum. The process of integrating is to integrate faith into the subjects of Natural Sciences, Mathematics and Technology Knowledge Base; integrate faith into subjects Indonesian, English, Social Science and Citizenshipand integrate faith into the lessons of Physical Education, Sport and Health. Second, the steps to implement integrative curriculum are train teacher, the creation of a religious atmosphere, the value of integrating faith into general subjects, and applying problem-based learning approach. Integrating faith values into general subjects in 2 ways: (1) through a basic search and matching concepts, theory of knowledge is sought from the Al-Qur'an and Hadith of the Prophet and the opinion of the scholars; (2) take or learn concepts and theories of general subjects and then combined with the subjects of Islamic Education.</p><p>Keywords: Keimanan, kurikulum, sekolah dasar</p>

Informal and formal modelling of engineering processes for design automation using knowledge based engineering

Knowledge based engineering (KBE) as a design method helps formulate a comprehensive knowledge base as a virtual prototype which includes design intent, requirements, rationale, and logic along with geometric information, which can then be utilised for representing the product design process, and to achieve complex design automation. One of the identified shortcomings in the field of design process automation using KBE as a holistic approach is a suitable neutral representation technique of a process model with well-defined syntax, axioms, and semantics for it to be shared across multiple platforms and to enable interoperability. To achieve design process automation, two steps are very important. First, a modelling method should be able to informally capture all critical aspects of a process to enable design automation. Second, the informal model should be able to be mapped onto a formal representation technique in a system, which will then enable automation by running a query through this representation. This paper discusses all the critical aspects in the form of design decomposition features and narrows down informal modelling approaches based on the criteria formulated for design automation from the literature. Formal representation techniques are discussed with the help of an example to ensure correct mapping of the informal model to a formal representation. The next steps of this research would be recommendation of the formal representation techniques of the informal model based on the discussion in this paper and for future work that will enable process automation.

KBE rules oriented to resources management in coordinates inspection by contact

Different proposals have been presented along last years with the purpose of automating the process of dimensional inspection planning with coordinate measuring machines (CMM) and touch probe technology. These proposals have focused mainly on particular items such as analysis of accessibility, orientation of the part or trajectory paths among surfaces or inspection points. The main limitation of these proposals is in the use of a predefined probe configuration, although current technology allows automatic probe change for improving the inspection process. In this paper, detailed rules are explained for developing a knowledge based engineering (KBE) application. These rules make it possible to incorporate the selection of the most appropriate configuration of sensor group with the basis of precision.

Cultivating High School Leaders through Engineering and Science

Engineering and leadership go hand in hand for many within the engineering profession and throughout undergraduate studies. Students are challenged to work in teams, self-assign tasks, manage team members, set deadlines and see projects to completion. The Waterloo engineering Catalyst High School Summer Leadership Program (Catalyst) aligns specifically with the engineering knowledge base, problem analysis, investigation, design, lifelong learning and communication outcomes outlined by the Canadian Engineering Accreditation Board (CEAB). Catalyst was developed to link engineering problem solving and design with leadership skills.Catalyst students are engaged to develop both soft and hard skills in an effort to display the multitude of connections, benefits and opportunities available to students entering their undergraduate studies. More and more entrepreneurship, design and effective group leadership are all becoming essential traits and skills for students entering the workforce as well for those taking the leap to dream, market, build and succeed with their own ideas or products.Over the past three years, the summer leadership program has grown through trial, feedback and collaborative brainstorming to offer a four-week program that focuses on leadership skills, design, research exposure and entrepreneurship. Through hands-on design thinking and problem solving projects, entrepreneurial group study and by offering leadership experience in a controlled setting a new type of high school student emerges. One who is prepared, excited and inspired to get involved, try, fail and challenge themselves and their peers to create change and solve problems facing their generation.

Why and How Are User-Firm Process Innovations Protected?

This study investigates why and how intermediary user firms protect new process innovations. Despite little incentive for user firms to protect process innovations as a market failure related to user innovations, a significant amount of user-firm process innovations are protected. This study proposes that a main reason be to avoid the leakage of existing technological knowledge bases. Drawing on the organizational learning literature, we hypothesize that innovative searches within technological and organizational boundary tend to increase the propensity for user firms to protect new process innovations, thereby affecting the choice of protection mechanism. Using the survey data of Korean user manufacturing firms, we find that exploitative (vs. explorative) and internal (vs. external) searches increase the probability for process innovations to be protected, subsequently leading user firms to prefer secrecy-based protections to intellectual property rights. We discuss the implications to the literature of user innovations, innovation in general, and strategy.

On the usability assessment of the graphical user interface related to a digital pattern software tool

Design team belonging to powertrain divisions can speed up the process of managing information, within gearbox design activities, by adopting digital pattern tools. These tools, belonging to a knowledge-based engineering (KBE) system, can assist engineers in re-using company knowledge in order to improve time-consuming tasks as retrieval and selection of previous architectures and to modify and virtually test a new gearbox design. A critical point in the development of a KBE system is the usability of user’s interface to demonstrate effective reduction of development time and satisfaction in its use. In this paper, the authors face the problem of usability improvement of the graphical user interface (GUI) of the tool belonging to the KBE system and previously proposed. An approach based on analytic hierarchy process and multiple-criteria decision analysis is used. A participatory test is performed for evaluating the usability index of the GUI. Taking into account the data analysis, some changes are carried out and a new GUI release is validated through new experimentations.

An organizational approach to designing an intelligent knowledge-based system: Application to the decision-making process in design projects

Knowledge-based engineering (KBE) approaches are designed to reduce the time and cost of product development by capturing, retaining and re-using design knowledge. They currently focus on repetitive design tasks where knowledge is considered as a static resource. However, knowledge is intrinsically linked to the organizations and people who use it. Thus, to be efficient, these knowledge-based systems (KBS) have to be able to take into account all the mechanisms of knowledge creation, sharing and evaluation made by the users. Using the agent paradigm, new knowledge-based systems can be designed in order to address this research issue. Indeed, the agents have social abilities and are able to achieve very complex tasks. These two features are necessary for making a knowledge-based system efficient. However, there still exists today a lack of approaches and methodologies to help design such applications. This paper presents DOCK, a methodology to design an intelligent knowledge-based system that aims to support the knowledge management process. In order to take into account all the mechanisms of knowledge generation, sharing and re-use, DOCK is based on the hypothesis that efficient modelling of human organizations, by highlighting their roles, collaborations, skills, goals and knowledge, will help the KBS designer to specify an adapted knowledge-based system. Finally, DOCK is implemented to design the SMA SNOTRA that is dedicated to supporting a decision-making process for design projects.

Estimation of aircraft component production cost using knowledge based engineering techniques

A comprehensive method is presented to estimate aircraft component production costs using Knowledge Based Engineering (KBE) techniques. A suite of parametrical cost estimation blocks are treated as Cost Primitives (CPs), which contain attributes such as cost types, cost driving parameters, and cost estimation relationships. A CP is associated with a parameterized geometry and a set of specific design parameters including part/assembly types, materials and production methods. Production cost is estimated by aggregating the cost of different CPs within a tree structure integrating both product breakdown and cost breakdown structures. The cost analysis tool is integrated into a KBE application by building Capability Modules (CMs), which provide manufacturable geometric representations for cost estimation and can be used to summarize output reports for further optimization. Case studies concerning stiffened panels are carried out, verifying the accuracy of the cost estimation method and illustrating the applicability of this method together with the integrated KBE application for various aircraft components. The main contribution of this research is automating the cost integration in the design process to improve the fidelity, repeatability and traceability of cost analysis.

Structural topology design of container ship based on knowledge-based engineering and level set method

Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) is introduced into the ship structural design in this paper. From the implementation of KBE, the design solutions for both Rules Design Method (RDM) and Interpolation Design Method (IDM) are generated. The corresponding Finite Element (FE) models are generated. Topological design of the longitudinal structures is studied where the Gaussian Process (GP) is employed to build the surrogate model for FE analysis. Multi-objective optimization methods inspired by Pareto Front are used to reduce the design tank weight and outer surface area simultaneously. Additionally, an enhanced Level Set Method (LSM) which employs implicit algorithm is applied to the topological design of typical bracket plate which is used extensively in ship structures. Two different sets of boundary conditions are considered. The proposed methods show satisfactory efficiency and accuracy.

Implementation of knowledge-based engineering methodology in hydraulic generator design

Hydraulic generator design companies are always being exhorted to become more competitive by reducing the lead time and costs for their products for survival. Knowledge-based engineering technology is a rapidly developing technology with competitive advantage for design application to reduce time and cost in product development. This article addresses the structure of the hydraulic generator design system based on the knowledge-based engineering technology in detail. The system operates by creating a unified knowledge base to store the scattered knowledge among the whole life of the design process, which was contained in the expert’s brain and technical literature. It helps designers to make appropriate decisions by supplying necessary information at the right time through query and inference engine to represent the knowledge within the knowledge-based engineering application framework. It also integrates the analysis tools into one platform to help achieve global optimum solutions. Finally, an example of turbine-type selection was given to illustrate the operation process and prove its validity.

Transforming expertise into Knowledge-Based Engineering tools: A survey of knowledge sourcing in the context of engineering design

Research on Engineering Knowledge Management (EKM) has identified challenges with the systematic source of engineering knowledge for the design process optimisation. In this context, Knowledge-Based Engineering (KBE) is acknowledged as a key area within the EKM field and designated by the research community as a potential solution to carry out the effective capture and reuse of expert knowledge. However, papers on KBE for knowledge sourcing are not abundant in the literature and they are also dispersed. From this perspective, this research is an effort to further consolidate the learning gained on industrial practice on how engineering knowledge can be effectively sourced. This is achieved by realising a research survey, where using the resulting insights KBE practice reaching aerospace engineering offices shall be more efficiently delivered through fast and accurate knowledge extraction and encoding into usable methods and tools. The research findings provided by literature survey confirmed the existence of a research gap on knowledge sourcing; and more precisely they underlined the need for an extended KBE development process which integrates Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools and expert intervention to systematically manage the knowledge (using the KM methods and tools) efficiently captured and modelled (employing AI algorithms and expert involvement). Therefore, this paper concludes that there is a need for further research on the knowledge sourcing KBE aspect and presents the integration of KBE systems and AI implementations as a potential solution to develop the extended KBE development process requested by the industry.

The Level of Asthma Diagnosing System by using Fuzzy Inference System

Introduction: This paper discuss about fuzzy inference system for the diagnosis of asthma’s levels. The process of diagnosis was made from symptoms that occur in patients with asthma. Input process, results, and methodology in making this system was done carefully, so this system is expected valid and fi t for medical diagnosis. Method: Methodology in the system including the knowledge base, fuzzyfi er, and inference engine. The symptoms used in diagnostic systems, including shortness of breath, wheezing, level of alertness/unique symptoms, respiratory rate, speech rate, pulse per minutes, and PEF after bronchodilator. And the output of asthma’s level diagnosis was mild, moderate, severe, and RAI/respiratory failure. The performance of system has been tested in Cilacap Pertamina Hospital, 20 patients with asthma were involved. The results of system and doctor’s opinion who has been treating patients with asthma were compared. Result: The result showed that the system obtained 90%, according to the doctor’s diagnosis. Discussion: This system is expected to help the medical expert or doctor in diagnosing the level of asthma. Keywords: Fuzzy inference system, diagnosis, level of asthma

A CAD-based Layout Environment for a Semi-automated Test Bench Assembly

ABSTRACTToday, several technical components still need to be tested physically to verify their reliability under real-life conditions. For example, automotive powertrains have to be checked in particular test benches, before they are released to market. The creation of these test benches requires the development of a functional pre-layout with a subsequently performed design of a geometrical layout within 3D-CAD. The entire process turns out as a time-consuming and iterative task, whose success primarily depends on the experience of the involved engineers. The present paper describes a method for a semi-automated creation of powertrain test bench assemblies. This method includes knowledge-based engineering methods coupled with a 3D-CAD environment and a knowledge database for semi-automated layout and part creation.