Knowledge-attitude-practice Research Articles

Relationship between family support, serum lipid knowledge and quality of life in Chinese breast cancer women with adjuvant endocrine therapy.

Serum lipid management is an important health management goal for breast cancer patients with endocrine therapy, and serum lipid knowledge is a substantial factor influencing patients' serum lipid management behavior. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between family support, serum lipid knowledge and quality of life in breast cancer women with endocrine therapy. Through convenience sampling, 301 women who had been treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University and Liaoning Cancer Hospital were selected to fill in the questionnaire of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) on serum lipids, family support questionnaire (FSQ), and the functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast cancer (FACT-B). Pearson correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the three. Multiple linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of quality of life in breast cancer patients with endocrine therapy. The average score of KAP on serum lipids was 42.62 ± 7.333, the average score of family support was 12.55 ± 2.390, and the average score of quality of life was 97.13 ± 21.347, all above the medium level. Family support of breast cancer women with endocrine therapy was positively correlated with serum lipid knowledge and quality of life. Disease stage, family support, and serum lipid knowledge were the influencing factors of quality of life of breast cancer women with endocrine therapy. Good family support is associated with better serum lipid knowledge in breast cancer women with endocrine therapy. Therefore, interventions that aim to improve the level of family support may be one way to improve the knowledge level of serum lipid, prevent cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and improve the quality of life.

Knowledge, attitude and practice related to rabies among residents of Amhara region, Ethiopia

BackgroundRabies is an important viral zoonotic disease with high fatality rate and economic losses. The impact of rabies is considerably high in Asia and Africa. The study was designed to assess the community’s rabies knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and their determinants in Amhara region, Ethiopia. MethodsThe study was done based on a questionnaire survey of 899 participants in towns and rural districts of Amhara region. Multistage cluster sampling procedure was used to select participants. Quantitative score was generated for KAP and the scores were dichotomized as adequate and inadequate knowledge, desirable and undesirable attitude, and good and poor practice. Descriptive statics and mixed effect logistic regression considering kebele and villages as a random effect was used to see the association of predictor variables towards adequate knowledge, desirable attitude and good practice. ResultsAbout 61%, 72% and 45% of the respondents have adequate knowledge, desirable attitude and good practice scores, respectively. Almost all (99%) of the respondents rightly claimed that rabies is transmitted through bite of dogs. Majority of the participants (76.8%) strongly agree that rabies is an important zoonotic disease that can threaten the lives of humans and animals. Only 8% of the respondents had a practice of washing and rinsing dog bite wounds for the prevention of rabies. Female participants were less likely to have adequate knowledge than males (OR = 0.58, 95% CI = 0.35–0.96). Respondents in urban areas were more likely to have desirable attitude than rural residents (OR = 12.4, CI = 1.38–11.67). ConclusionThe study showed that participants have good knowledge and attitude towards rabies but poor rabies prevention and control practices. The community public health education should focus on translation of these good knowledge and favorable attitude into practices that effectively reduces rabies burden.

Nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, practice, and decision-making skills related to sepsis assessment and management

<b>Objectives</b>: The present study examines the critical care nurse’s knowledge, attitudes, practice (KAP), and decision-making related to early assessment and management of sepsis.<br /> <b>Methods</b>: This cross-sectional descriptive study utilized a convenience sample of 70 nurses working in a college hospital in the northern region of Jordan. Data were gathered employing a sepsis vignette and valid questionnaires via Google document. The nursing decision-making instrument and the knowledge, attitudes, and practice survey were utilized to assess nurses’ decision-making skills, knowledge, attitudes, and practice, respectively. Nurses’ sociodemographic/professional data, including gender, marital status, experience, education, and work environment, were also measured.<br /> <b>Result</b>: The participating nurses reported poor KAP, and analytical decision-making skills related to sepsis management. Experienced nurses and those with a master’s degree reported significantly better KAP, and intuitive decision-making skills than naïve and those with a bachelor’s degree. Nurses with analytical decision-making modes reported higher levels of knowledge, attitudes, and practice than nurses with intuitive or flexible analytical-intuitive decision-making modes.<br /> <b>Conclusion</b>: Poor decision-making skills, as well as knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to sepsis assessment and management, is a substantial problem that demands a productive re-evaluation of the current sepsis management practices. Boosting the knowledge and improving the practices on sepsis assessment and management through comprehensive educational programs and campaigns are necessary to improve nurses’ decision-making skills.

Effect of a fall prevention strategy for the older patients: Aquasi-experimental study.

To explore the effect of a fall prevention strategy on older patients based on the Patient Engagement Framework. A longitudinal quasi-experimental quantitative design. Older patients who met the inclusion criteria were recruited from geriatric, oncology, neurology and cardiology departments of a teaching general hospital in China. Development of a fall prevention intervention strategy for older patients was based on the Patient Engagement Framework. Patients in the intervention group were given this fall prevention strategy (N=58), and those in the control group were given conventional measures (N=58). The following indicators were compared between the two groups after intervention: (a) number of falls; (b) Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) score; (c) Modified Fall Efficacy Scale score. After the implementation of an intervention strategy in older patients, the number of falls decreased from 3 to 0; the score of KAP and Modified Fall Efficacy Scale was promoted (p < .05).

A Survey of Medical Residents’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice about Drug–Drug Interactions, Shiraz, Iran

Rationale, aims and objectives: Medical residents are among the most important and influential members of the medical team and the level of their knowledge regarding potential drug-drug interactions (DDIs) is a good predictor of the ability to prevent the occurrence of DDIs, as well as safe and rational prescribing in inpatient settings. This survey was designed to evaluate internal medicine and cardiology residents’ knowledge and opinion toward DDIs and to determine different sources of DDI information used by this population. Method: This cross-sectional knowledge attitude practice (KAP) questionnaire study was conducted in Shiraz, Iran. A 25-question questionnaire was designed and completed by 86 internal medicine and cardiology residents. The questions were related to the participants’ demographic information, their practice characteristics, the information sources used by the participants, the residents’ opinion regarding DDIs, and their knowledge regarding the interaction between 8 drug pairs. Results: The results showed that when the participants wanted to learn more about DDIs, most of them used software on mobile or tablet (59.3%). Nearly three-fourths of the participants (73.82%) reported that when a patient was about to be exposed to a potential DDI, they were informed by software on mobile or tablet that the interaction may be present. On average, residents answered 44.03% ± 23.79 of drug pair questions correctly.Conclusion: Our results show insufficient practice skills, as well as relatively poor knowledge concerning the participants’ answers to questions. It seems that further practical training and education are required to enable prescribers to prevent potential DDIs.

Influence of Nurse-Led Health Education on Self-Management Ability, Satisfaction, and Compliance of Elderly Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Based on Knowledge, Belief, and Practice Model.

Objective Knowledge, belief, and behavior model (knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP)) is known as a cognitive model. Health education is important to the prognosis of patients, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, the investigation regarding health education based on the KAP model is few. Thus, this work is aimed at analyzing the influence of nurse-led health education on self-management ability, satisfaction, and compliance of elderly patients with COPD based on knowledge, belief, and practice model. Methods 60 elderly patients with COPD cured in our hospital from January 2019 to April 2021 were enrolled for the study. The patients were randomly assigned to control group (n = 30) and study group (n = 30). The former group received routine nursing, and the latter group accepted health education based on “knowledge, belief, and practice” model. Finally, the scores of nursing satisfaction, KAP score, compliance rate, self-management level, pulmonary function, and life quality were compared in the two groups. Results The nursing satisfaction of the study group (100.00%) was higher than that (83.33%) of the control group (P < 0.05). The scores of knowledge, attitude, and behavior were remarkably higher in the study group than in the control group after nursing (P < 0.05). Moreover, KAP scores also significantly increased in the study group after nursing. The compliance rate of the study group (93.33%) was higher than that of the control group (66.67%) (P < 0.05). After nursing, the scores of symptom management, daily life management, emotion management, information management, and management efficiency were higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, pulmonary functions were improved in the two groups following nursing. Compared with the control groups, the 6 min walking distance, FEV1%, and FEV1/FVC% were higher in the study group (P < 0.05). After nursing, the scores of life quality were reduced in the two groups. The scores of physiological function, psychological function, social function, and health self-cognition were lower in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Based on the model of knowledge, belief, and practice, nurse-led health education can successfully enhance the self-management ability, satisfaction, and compliance of elderly COPD patients.

Effects of the information-knowledge-attitude-practice nursing model combined with predictability intervention on patients with cerebrovascular disease.

BACKGROUNDCerebrovascular disease (CVD) poses a serious threat to human health and safety. Thus, developing a reasonable exercise program plays an important role in the long-term recovery and prognosis for patients with CVD. Studies have shown that predictive nursing can improve the quality of care and that the information –knowledge–attitude–practice (IKAP) nursing model has a positive impact on patients who suffered a stroke. Few studies have combined these two nursing models to treat CVD.AIMTo explore the effect of the IKAP nursing model combined with predictive nursing on the Fugl–Meyer motor function (FMA) score, Barthel index score, and disease knowledge mastery rate in patients with CVD.METHODSA total of 140 patients with CVD treated at our hospital between December 2019 and September 2021 were randomly divided into two groups, with 70 patients in each. The control group received routine nursing, while the observation group received the IKAP nursing model combined with predictive nursing. Both groups were observed for self-care ability, motor function, and disease knowledge mastery rate after one month of nursing.RESULTSThere was no clear difference between the Barthel index and FMA scores of the two groups before nursing (P > 0.05); however, their scores increased after nursing. This increase was more apparent in the observation group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The rates of disease knowledge mastery, timely medication, appropriate exercise, and reasonable diet were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The satisfaction rate in the observation group (97.14%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (81.43%; P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe IKAP nursing model, combined with predictive nursing, is more effective than routine nursing in the care of patients with CVD, and it can significantly improve the Barthel index and FMA scores with better knowledge acquisition, as well as produce high satisfaction in patients. Moreover, they can be widely used in the clinical setting.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of Lebanese pharmacists in providing patient counseling on urinary tract infection and its treatment.

Background:Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the second most common type of infections, accounting for about 7 million annual visits to health-care providers. Pharmacists have an important role in counseling patients about this disease.Objectives:The study explored the Lebanese pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes and counseling practices (KAP) around UTI. The aim was to provide a better understanding on the pharmacist role in this context, and improve the patient care process and the health of the public.Methods:A cross-sectional knowledge attitudes practice study was conducted and enrolled pharmacists who were practicing in the community setting. The questionnaire collected data about the sociodemographic characteristics, pharmacist’s knowledge about UTIs, their attitudes and practice in providing patient counseling.Results:A sample of 450 pharmacists was reached, the majority (>90%) of which had good knowledge about UTIs. Moreover, greater than 90% of pharmacists believe that UTIs are serious, and that being unhygienic is one of its causes (93.6%). The majority reported educating patients about the most common causes (90.4%), risk factors (88.4%) and preventive measures (95.1%) of UTIs. A mean score of 8.44 was reported for the knowledge score and multivariable linear regression has shown that female pharmacists have higher knowledge score than males. A significant association between having a PhD degree and believing that men are more prone to UTI. Furthermore, the province of the pharmacists’ practice, being in Beirut, was positively and significantly correlated with better practice.Conclusions:Lebanese pharmacists are well knowledgeable about UTIs and showed good attitude and practice in this field. This study provides insight for discussion with policy makers to upgrade legislation to enable pharmacists to legally prescribe antibiotics for uncomplicated UTIs, similar to other countries, to improve the patient care process and minimize the burden of the disease.

Assessment of Knowledge–Attitude–Practice Towards COVID-19 among Population Visiting the Endocrinology Department in a Tertiary Care Center in south India

Background: Novel corona-virus disease (COVID-19) has rapidly spread worldwide since its origin in late 2019 in the Wuhan province of China. Knowledge about the disease or lack thereof determines the success of containment of the virus. Individuals with chronic noncommunicable diseases are at a higher risk of complications of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of patients and the people accompanying the patients visiting the Endocrinology out patient department of a tertiary care hospital in south India. A questionnaire that included questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding COVID-19 was administered. The COVID-19 knowledge questionnaire had 12 questions: four regarding clinical presentations, three regarding transmission routes, and five regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19. Results: Data of 268 individuals were analyzed. The mean knowledge score was 8.43 out of 12. Education was the significant factor that determined knowledge score. The majority agreed that COVID-19 will be controlled (69%) and were hopeful about India winning the battle against COVID-19 (70.5%), 82.1% were avoiding crowded places, and 77.6% were wearing a mask when leaving the house. Caregivers had better knowledge scores as compared with patients. Conclusions: The majority of the individuals attending the Endocrinology clinic had good knowledge about COVID-19. The level of education played an important role in determining the level of knowledge.

A Research on The Attitude and Purchasing Behavior of Muslim Consumers Towards Products with Halal Logo in Another Muslim Country

Consumers living in Muslim countries often do not pay attention to the halal logo as they think that the products in their own countries meet the halal requirements. However, Muslim consumers are highly susceptible to purchasing halal products when they go to a non-Muslim country. The halal logo makes it easier for consumers who have this sensitivity to choose halal products. At this point, it is wondered whether the halal logo is effective in the purchasing behavior of Muslims in different Muslim countries. From this point of view, in this study, it is aimed to fill the gap in the literature by investigating the attitudes and behaviors of Muslim consumers towards products with halal logo when they go to another Muslim country. For this purpose, the halal logo knowledge, awareness and attitudes, and halal logo product purchasing behaviors of Muslim international students coming to Turkey, a Muslim country, for university education were examined. The research model developed for this purpose was created by utilizing the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) model. Within the scope of the study, data were collected from 396 international students through an online questionnaire using convenience sampling method. The obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The investigation revealed that halal logo awareness and attitude toward halal logo products significantly affect halal logo product purchasing behavior. However, information about halal logos is unlikely to have a significant and beneficial effect on the halal logo product purchasing behavior.

Evaluation of Self-Care Practice and Impact of Patient Counselling in Type- 2 Diabetic Patients

The study was conducted to assess the self-care practices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and the effectiveness of patient counselling in improving those practices in a tertiary care hospital setting. The study was a prospective interventional study that was carried out in the outpatient department of general medicine and conducted for 6 months. Self-care practice was evaluated with the help of the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Questionnaire, Morisky Medication Adherence Scale 8, and Diabetic Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire. During the study period, 150 patients were screened and 132 patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. Out of this, 53% were male patients and 47% were female patients. The highest prevalence of the disease was found to be 34.85% in the age group 61-70. From the Knowledge Attitude Practice Questionnaire, it was observed that the good, average, and the poor scores were 9.8%, 42.4%, and 47.7% for knowledge, 3.0%, 65.1% and 31.8% for attitude, and 23.4%, 65.9% and 10.6% for practice respectively. There was an overall improvement in the knowledge, attitude, and practice of the patients. The medication adherence and Diabetic Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores also showed notable improvement. The results were analyzed by comparing the baseline and follow-up scores. Diabetes self-management is critical to having a favourable clinical result. The intervention of educational programs by the health care team is very essential for a better understanding and management of the disease for the patients in achieving their healthcare goals.

Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Patients in Rural Areas around Cluj-Napoca, Romania.

The intent of the KAP (knowledge, attitude, practices) survey is to collect information about a specific target group related to their knowledge, what they consider to be known, and what they do about a particular topic. The aim of this study was to identify the level of importance of oral health, especially the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of rural patients around Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Material and methods: A questionnaire consisting of five parts was used, trying to assess the self-perception of oral health, knowledge and attitude towards oral health, dental hygiene practices and eating habits. A clinical examination was also performed in order to identify the number of missing teeth, the caries and the presence of calculus. Results: The study revealed that most patients have an average and good self-perception of oral health, although three-quarters of them have calculus deposits, and about half of them have more than three carious lesions and at least one extracted tooth. There is also a discrepancy between declared knowledge of oral health, eating habits and dental practices. Conclusions: The basic knowledge of rural patients about oral health can be considered satisfactory, but the practices, unfortunately, do not reflect this knowledge.

Breast cancer screening practices among Vietnamese women and factors associated with clinical breast examination uptake.

This study examined current breast cancer (BC) screening practices among Vietnamese women and the factors associated with the uptake of clinical breast examination (CBE). A total of 508 women aged 30-74 years in Hanoi completed a knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) survey in 2019 including validated measures of breast cancer awareness (Breast-CAM) and health beliefs (Champion's Health Belief Model Scale). Descriptive statistics, χ2, and ANOVA tests were used to analyse KAP responses across groups with different sociodemographic characteristics. A logistic regression model assessed the associations of knowledge, beliefs, and sociodemographic characteristics with CBE uptake. Only 18% of respondents were aware of BC signs, risk factors, and screening modalities although 63% had previously received BC screening. CBE was the most common screening modality with an uptake of 51%. A significantly higher proportion of urban residents compared with rural residents (32% vs 18%, Chi-square test, p = 0.04) received mammography. Unlike mammography, CBE uptake was not associated with sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., residence area/education level/occupation/household monthly income/possession of health insurance). CBE uptake was associated with BC knowledge (OR = 2.44, 95%CI: 1.37-4.32), perceived susceptibility to BC (OR = 1.15, 95%CI: 1.05-1.25), and perceived barriers to accessing CBE (OR = 0.88, 95%CI: 0.84-0.92). The study points to the need for public health education and promotion interventions to address low levels of awareness about BC and to increase uptake of BC screening in Vietnam in advance of screening programme planning and implementation. It also suggests that screening programmes using CBE are promising given current engagement and the absence of socio-demographic disparities.

Assessment of knowledge attitude practice towards ovarian cancer among women

Background: Ovarian cancer is the 3th most common cancer among women in India and has a high death rate than any other gynecological cancer due to late diagnosis of disease. Knowledge regarding disease and early screening is effective for prevention. Aim: This study is designed to assessed the knowledge, attitude and practice towards ovarian cancer among general women. Methods: A questionnaire based Cross sectional study was conducted among 517 women. Information on their KAP towards ovarian cancer was collected using a pre-validated questionnaire. Result: Mean age of the participants was 35.5 + 9.3 years. Although 48.3% of participants reported to have heard of ovarian cancer. 59.6% of the participants did not have adequate knowledge regarding ovarian cancer. Almost 55.5% of the participants have negative attitude towards ovarian cancer. The knowledge score were significantly associated with age, marital status, occupation, education status, marital status. Conclusion: knowledge, attitude and practice related to ovarian cancer were low among the surveyed women. Health education should be implemented to improve level of knowledge among women.

Comparing Fever Management by Mothers of Children Aged 1–5 and 6–10 Years

Background/Aim: This study aimed to compare the fever management by mothers of children aged 1-5 and 6-10 years admitted with fever. Methods: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was conducted between November 2021 and March 2022 at Karabük University Department of Pediatrics and Karabük City Family Health Centers. To work, 710 mothers with febrile children between 1-5 and 6-10 participated. Due to 58 invalid questionnaires, 652 mothers formed the study population. All mothers were included in the study without sample selection. A questionnaire consisting of 3 parts and 33 questions was applied to the participants face-to-face. Questions; It consisted of the first sociodemographic part such as age, gender, mother's education level, the second part measuring the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of mothers about fever symptoms, and the third part consisting of the Turkish Version of the Parental Fever Management Scale (PFMS-TR). Results: Mothers of 332 children between the ages of 1-and 5 and 324 children between the ages of 6-and 10 participated in the study. The rate of girls between the ages of 1-and 5 was 57.8% (n=192), and the rate of girls between the ages of 6-and 10 was 49.4% (n=160). There was no significant difference between the two participant groups regarding PFMS-TR (p=0.198). In those who applied to the hospital with the complaint of fever (p=0.004), who received training from health professionals about what to do in case of fever in their child (p=0.001), understanding that their child has a fever from body temperature or skin contact (p=0.001), applying to a health institution in the presence of fever (p=0.001), determining body temperature requiring antipyretic (p&lt;0.001) and administering antipyretic drugs according to doctor's prescription (p&lt;0.001) a statistically significant difference was found between the mothers of two groups of children with fever. Conclusion: It was determined that there was no difference between the mothers' fever-related anxiety and phobia levels in both groups. This situation, regardless of the age group in which the fever symptom occurs, can be explained by the parents' anxiety. So, it is essential to carry out education programs to inform mothers about fever management accurately and adequately to reduce the level of anxiety they experience. Keywords: Anxiety, Body Temperature, Child, Health Knowledge Attitudes Practice, Parents, Phobia.

Prophylaxis of Venous Thromboembolic Disease: Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Health Care Personnel in a Hospital Setting in Parakou in 2017

Aims: To describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of health care personnel regarding venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis (VTE) in the hospital setting to Parakou in 2017.&#x0D; Study Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study with prospective data collection.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Departments of medicine and medical specialties, Departments of surgery and surgical specialties, Departments of gyneco-obstetrics and intensive care at the Hospital University of Parakou (CHUD-B), in northern Benin, between February 2017 and May 2017.&#x0D; Methodology: We included all health professionals working in these services who consented to participate. The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) guidelines for the management of VTE were used as the reference for the assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices. The evaluation form consisted of two parts, one addressed to physicians and the other to paramedics. The data were analyzed with SPSS 21 software with a significance level of 5% for comparisons.&#x0D; Results: A total of 223 health workers participated in the study. The knowledge level of the health workers was good in 52.47%, attitudes were correct in 37.67% and practices were adequate in 4.32%. Overall, health professionals had a good knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) score in 5.83% of the cases. Factors significantly associated with a good overall KAP score were practice on medical departments, continuing education of staff, status of doctors, knowledge of VTE guidelines and existence of VTE prevention protocols.&#x0D; Conclusion: Venous thromboembolic disease prophylaxis is moderately known by the health care personnel in Parakou, but attitudes and practices are not satisfactory. This highlights the need for continuous training.

Awareness of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Medical Students and Surgical Trainees Regarding Surgical Informed Consent: A Cross-sectional Multi-centric Study from Northern India

Background: Informed Consent is the cornerstone of modern medical and surgical care. All patients have the right to be involved in decisions about their treatment and care. Obtaining SIC (surgical informed consent) is an important and essential skill that one must acquire in medical training, yet many residents receive very little formal education.&#x0D; Methods: Multiple choice questionnaire designed and after pretesting circulated on Google formsTM having questions pertaining to knowledge, attitude and practice. Total 463 responses obtained and appropriate statistical tests applied in Microsoft Excel and StataSE.&#x0D; Result: Knowledge-score remained constant for medical students and trainees, Attitude-score (18.59 to 18.93) and Practice-score (2.30 to 3.62) statistically significant increase in score with clinical exposure was noted. Gender wise difference were in A-score, females scored higher 18.87 and males scored 18.49. For trainee doctors unlike P scores, K and A scores did not increase with experience.&#x0D; Discussion: Early intervention in undergraduate years and continuous upskilling is the need to bridge the hiatus of doctor-patient relationship. This necessitates scenario and role play based teaching, student teaching patient based learning regarding the SIC.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a Knowledge attitude practice gap present not only in undergraduate students but postgraduates residents regarding SIC, for which the current curriculum and the ongoing practical training is insufficient to bridge. Indian curriculum must make amendments to bridge it.

Effects of Organizational Atmosphere and Organizational Practice on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Toward Diffusion and Utilization of Hepatic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Among Physicians.

BackgroundPromoting technology diffusion and utilization is a key measure to address the great disparity in technical capacity within integrated health systems. However, even the effectiveness and appropriateness regarding technology has been widely recognized, its diffusion and utilization are still stagnant. The mechanisms that influence the technology from being recognized to being widely applied in practice remain largely unknown.PurposeTaking hepatic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) as an example, this study aimed to investigate the comprehensive influencing mechanism of organizational atmosphere and organizational practice on the knowledge, attitude, and practice toward diffusion and utilization of hepatic CEUS in the medical alliance.MethodsBased on the integration of organizational ready for change (ORC) and knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP), a structured questionnaire was developed. A multistage random sampling method was applied to investigate physicians who directly use CEUS working at the liver disease-related departments of sampled health institutions. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to verify the proposed hypotheses, and determine the relationship between the factors.ResultsIn total, 292 physicians were included. SEM results demonstrated that knowledge influenced both attitude and practice, while attitude positively predicted practice. Organizational practice and organizational atmosphere associated positively with each other. Organizational atmosphere positively affected the physicians' attitude toward CEUS diffusion and utilization (β = 0.425, p < 0.001), while organizational practice positively affected corresponding knowledge (β = 0.423, p < 0.001) and practice (β = 0.275, p < 0.001). Additionally, there was a partial mediating effect between organizational practice and physicians' CEUS diffusion and utilization behavior.ConclusionBy verifying the influencing mechanism of organizational atmosphere and organizational practice on the physicians' KAP of hepatic CEUS diffusion and utilization, this study benefit tailoring strategies for promoting technology diffusion and utilization within medical alliance. It is recommended to develop an organizational atmosphere of advocating technology innovation, establish organizational support mechanism (SM) with multiple concrete supporting countermeasures, and so on.

Conocimiento, actitud, práctica, percepciones y barreras para el cuidado dental en salud bucal entre los padres libios

Aim: To assess parental oral health knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP), perceptions of their children's oral health status, and explore the barriers to dental care utilization among Libyan parents living in Malaysia. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among Libyan parents of children aged 1- 7 years old who lived in Malaysia. A 63-items questionnaire was constructed, validated, and pretested. Six hundred self-administered questionnaires were distributed Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.0. A generalized Linear Model was used to test the possible relationships between KAP scores and different sociodemographic factors. A significant level for all the statistical tests was predetermined at p?0.05. Results: A total of 381 questionnaires were included, of which fathers' responses constituted 189 (49.6%), and mothers' responses constituted 192 (50.4%). Most of the parents exhibited good oral health knowledge (77.2%), positive attitudes (86.4%), and were adherent to good oral health practice (78.7%) with mean values of 10.6 (SD=1.8), 9.5 (SD=1.5), and 7.9 (SD=1.4) respectively. Gender, age, and income had statistically significant relationships (p&lt;0.05) with KAP scores. The majority (81.1%) of parents rated their child's oral health as good. More than one-third of parents (35.7%) perceived no need for dental care, and 18.6% perceived no need to treat the primary teeth as they will be replaced. Conclusion: Good Knowledge and positive attitudes towards oral health are not necessarily translated into favorable practices. The lack of perceived need and low value attributed to primary teeth created barriers to seek dental care services among the majority of surveyed parents. Attention must be directed to behavior change strategies rather than providing oral health education alone to improve the children's oral health outcomes.

Design and Evaluation of a Board Game in Food and Nutrition Education

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused increasing concern over health care, part of which involves the role of nutrition. In this study, a nutrition educational board game, featuring quantitative computation, was designed to help students acquire nutrition knowledge and improve dietary behaviors. A group of 22 students in grade 7 of a middle school in Beijing were selected as the participants. A single-group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental design was adopted. Knowledge-Attitude-Practice (KAP) questionnaires and interviews were used to investigate students’ changes in dietary knowledge, attitude, and behavior. The influence of gender and body mass index (BMI) on the teaching effectiveness was also explored. The results showed that some dimensions of knowledge, attitude, and behavior significantly increased in the students. Their changes in behavior were mainly related to some aspects that were easier to adjust. In addition, the study also found that females and students with abnormal BMI were more likely to be influenced by the educational game to make positive changes in attitude and behavior.