Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Research Articles

Knowledge, attitudes, practices and acceptability of a school preventive chemotherapy programme for schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminths control in Angola.

Schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) control programs require target population engagement, assessed through knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys. We report the results of a KAP survey of Angolan schoolchildren supported by a school preventive chemotherapy (PC) programme, without or with a school water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) programme (PC+/WASH- and PC+/WASH+, respectively); and schoolchildren without a school PC or WASH program (PC-/WASH-). Schoolchildren from PC+/WASH- (N = 218), PC+/WASH+ (N = 250) and PC-/WASH- (N = 254) schools were interviewed. Descriptive statistics were used to report demographics and survey responses. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test was used to compare PC+/WASH- schoolchildren with (i) PC+/WASH+ and (ii) PC-/WASH- schoolchildren. A lower proportion of PC+/WASH- schoolchildren used latrines and a higher proportion practised open defecation at school compared with PC+/WASH+ schoolchildren. A lower proportion of PC+/WASH- schoolchildren always washed their hands after toileting and before meals at school compared with PC+/WASH+ schoolchildren. However, the PC+/WASH- schoolchildren reported better toileting and handwashing practices at school compared to PC-/WASH- schoolchildren. Over 90% of PC+ schoolchildren agreed with schistosomiasis and STH control and accepted schoolteacher PC delivery. Expanding the integration of both school PC and WASH programs will improve health behaviours relevant to reduce the risk of schistosomiasis and STHs in schoolchildren. This article is part of the theme issue 'Challenges and opportunities in the fight against neglected tropical diseases: a decade from the London Declaration on NTDs'.

Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding hypoactive delirium among ICU nurses: A nationwide cross-sectional study

Aims and objectivesThis study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of intensive care unit (ICU) nurses in patients with hypoactive delirium in China. BackgroundThe presentation of hypoactive delirium is not obvious and tends to be ignored. However, it has a high incidence and can cause critical impairment. Although nurses are the primary caregivers of patients, the evidence of the current status of KAP of hypoactive delirium among ICU nurses is insufficient in China. DesignThe study participants were 2835 ICU nurses from 201 hospitals in 69 cities from 31 provinces in China. MethodsThe current status of KAP of hypoactive delirium among ICU nurses was determined using a self-reported structured questionnaire, including 52 questions covering general personal information; three dimensions of KAP; and relevant issues. Descriptive analyses of the sample distribution were reported as percentages and medians. The factors were detected using univariate and multivariate analyses. To guide the reporting of the research, a STROBE checklist of cross-sectional studies was used. ResultsOf the 3101 returned questionnaires, 2835 were analyzed. Approximately 64. 94 % and 53. 30 % of them were identified with a positive attitude and appropriate practice, respectively, whereas only 1. 48 % showed a good level of knowledge. The regression analysis showed that age, years of working in the ICU, educational background, professional title, caring for patients with delirium, attending training on hypoactive delirium and hospital grading were significantly associated with their KAP status(P＜005). ConclusionsHypoactive delirium is an ignored entity by nursing professionals, with no definite nursing procedure. This study shows that receiving relevant training is a factor affecting KAP status, indicating that training should be strengthened. Additionally, appropriate screening and nursing procedures should be developed to standardize the behavior of ICU nurses and improve the quality of care. Relevance to clinical practiceICU nurses have poor knowledge of hypoactive delirium and related training should be strengthened, especially for middle-aged nurses. Screening and nursing procedures should be set up, which is critical to promote nursing practice. No patient or public contributionNone.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices on bovine brucellosis among smallholder livestock keepers in Rungwe district, Tanzania

The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of smallholder livestock farmers on brucellosis in Rungwe District, Tanzania. A cross-sectional study was conducted among cattle keepers practicing communal grazing in the district using a structured questionnaire. One hundred cattle keepers provided information about their KAP for brucellosis. Out of 100 participants, 12.8% did not know how the disease is transmitted in cattle, 20.5% stated mating, 37.2% stated placenta and 29.5% stated shared grazing area as the main transmission routes of the disease. Some respondents reported abortion (20.5%), bull infertility (25.6%) and weak calves (38.5%) as clinical signs in cattle, while 15.4% did not know the clinical signs. Drinking raw milk (23.1%), assisting delivery or handling placenta (16.7%), slaughtering infected animals (29.5%) and handling abortion cases (21.8%) were reported as means of brucellosis transmission to humans. A total of 11.5% of participants did not know the symptoms of brucellosis in humans, while 16.7%, 47.4% and 24.4% cited fever, headache and flu-like symptoms, respectively, as symptoms of brucellosis in humans. Most respondents had bad attitudes and practices toward brucellosis; for instance, 59.8% of respondents consumed unboiled milk. It is concluded that most livestock farmers in Rungwe district have poor knowledge of brucellosis, and their attitudes and practices put them and susceptible cattle on their farms at risk of contracting the disease. Education campaigns on the disease prevalence, socioeconomic effects, mode of transmission and control measures are recommended to control brucellosis in Rungwe District and the country at large.

Oral care knowledge, attitude and practice among nursing staff in acute hospital settings in Hong Kong.

Investigating the oral care delivered by nursing staff in acute hospital setting is having a remarkable shortage within the current literature. This was provoked due to lack of previous performed investigation in the acute hospital setting besides inconsistent existence of a standardized and comprehensive oral care knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) instrumentation. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the oral care KAP level for inpatients among nursing staff; to identify possible barriers to the provision of oral care; and to identify training preferences to improve the oral care of inpatients, in acute hospital settings in Hong Kong; and to provide standardized comprehensive KAP based assessment tool that would benefit and guide other future studies. In this study, a cross-sectional survey was conducted after a 55-item self-administered structured questionnaire was developed. A modified KAP tool was developed. The tool includes 4 domains: oral care knowledge, attitude, practice, and experience. Nursing staff was recruited from July 2018 to April 2019 via convenience sampling. Either online or printed questionnaires were completed. Proportions of nursing staff with good KAP, as defined by having 60% of the total score in the respective domain, were estimated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Analysis of covariance was used to compare the mean scores of KAP among different independent variables and identify the factors associated with good KAP. 404 nursing staff were recruited. Approximately 29.5%, 33.7% and 14.9% of the respondents had good oral care knowledge, attitude and practice, respectively, and 53.2% of the respondents had unpleasant oral care experience. Better oral care practice was associated with higher levels of oral care knowledge (β = 0.1) and oral care attitude (β = 0.3). To conclude: nursing staff in acute hospital settings reported low levels of oral care KAP with variations between the RN, EN and HCA. This study adds to the literature the association between oral care unpleasant experiences and the oral care practice, as well as oral care knowledge and attitude which also in turns associated with practice. The developed standardised tool could be applied for future studies. Recommendations on the future research, training and practices were made.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Parents toward (Infant & Child) Oral Health in Family Medicine Center at PSMMC, Riyadh

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the infant/child oral health (IOH) related knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of parents in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 327 parents. Visiting the family medicine center at prince sultan military medical city, Riyadh Saudi Arabia. A 39-item questionnaire covering sociodemographic characteristics and questions pertaining to KAP regarding OH care will used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics, Student's t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Scheffe’s test will use for the statistical analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results: The result showed that majority of the parents had good knowledge regarding OH, knowledge of cleaning (92.4%) and knowledge of amount of sugar (88.1%). The parents of age group (30 to 39) years (n=147) reported the highest mean (knowledge, attitudes, and practice) scores among all other age groups with a knowledge mean score of (6.80± 1.73), an attitude mean score of (8.86±1.37), and a practice mean score of (5.14± 1.86). Female parents showed a significantly higher mean knowledge, attitude and practices scores than the male parents. In addition, middle income level parents’ group (n=295) reported higher knowledge mean score compared to low-income parents’ group (n=15) with mean difference d=1.15, p=.041. Conclusion: Parents knowledge about maintaining oral and dental health care for infant/child was inadequate. Essentially, medical professionals are the initial ones to interact with expecting and new moms. Therefore, need to raise parents’ awareness about oral and dental health for infants/ child, through develop and implementation long-term education and promotions programs.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in Managing Chronic Kidney Disease with SGLT2 Inhibitors

Background and objective: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its increasing global burden, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This survey-based study aims to capture the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) amongst practicing physicians in considering sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) for the prevention and progression of CKD in diabetic or nondiabeticindividuals. Methodology: An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 262 health care practitioners (HCPs) who manage people with CKD with or without diabetes. The survey was prepared as a Google form and circulated through email to different HCPs. The survey consisted of 6 knowledge-based questions, 4 attitude-based questions and 4 practice-based questions. The forms were filled up voluntarily by the participants and the authors had no control over the response provided. All the responses wereconsolidated using Microsoft Excel and analyzed. Results: A total of 262 HCPs from different regions of the country participated in the survey. About 87% to 94% of the participants were aware that SGLT2i, specifically dapagliflozin, is approved for use in CKD patients with or without diabetes. About threefourths of the HCPs accepted that an initial drop in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) occursupon initiation of dapagliflozin treatment. Almost 90% of them acknowledged the importance of screening for CKD in diabetic patients, and the majority were aware of the renal benefits of SGLT2i. Almost 96% of HCPs consider that dapagliflozin could be used in all patients with CKD irrespective of their diabetes status. Major determining factors with respect to a setback in practice are fear of side effects (54%) and hesitation in switching to newer medications when older medications work fine (34%). Conclusion:SGLT2i have demonstrated significant clinical benefits in patients with CKD with or without diabetes. This survey has shown good awareness among clinicians of the beneficial role of SGLT2i in CKD.

Influence of knowledge, attitude and practices of consumers on the consumption of hydroponically grown fruits and vegetables in Kiambu County, Kenya

Fruits and vegetables are culturally accepted foods consumed by a majority of people worldwide. Knowledge, attitude and practices of consumers have been found to influence the choice and consumption of foods in many populations. However, little is known on their impact on consumption of foods that are produced using novel farming methods such as hydroponic farming, in Kenya. For this reason, this study assessed the influence of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) on the frequency of consumption of hydroponically grown fruits and vegetables (FAVs) in Kiambu County, Kenya. A cross-sectional design, involving a consumer survey of 310 randomly selected participants, was used. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to conduct face-to-face interviews. Data was analyzed using SPSS where descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were applied. The results showed that a majority of the participants (89%) had good knowledge about the quality and safety of hydroponically grown FAVs. They also used good practices in handling the FAVs (69%). However, the overall attitude towards hydroponic foods was negative (2.54±1.204). With regard to the influence of KAP on the frequency consumption of FAVs, knowledge was the only predictor of the frequency of consumption of fruits (p=0.002, β=1.639) and vegetables (p=0.044, β=1.232). Based on sociodemographic factors, age and the level of education significantly influenced the frequency of consumption of FAVs. In conclusion, the frequency of consumption of hydroponic FAVs is influenced by the level of knowledge of consumers on the quality and safety of foods grown in this system. Nutrition education on the quality and safety of hydroponically grown foods should be conducted so that consumers are informed about the hydroponically grown nutritious foods and also gain a positive attitude towards this new sustainable farming system.

A comparative study of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) and dietary pattern between healthy reproductive women and women with PCOS in Imphal, Manipur

A comparative study of knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) and dietary pattern between healthy reproductive women and women with PCOS in Imphal, Manipur

Knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: Community survey in southern Ethiopia.

Being well informed about the pandemic and how the virus spreads help to prevent and control the pandemic. Health authorities should monitor community practice to prevent the pandemic to identify gaps and minimize risks. This study was, therefore, designed to assess community knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 prevention and its associated factors in urban settings. Community based cross-sectional study was conducted in southern Ethiopia. Twelve towns with high population density and mobility and 1162 participants were included in the study using multi-stage sampling. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Mask use was assessed by observation while social distancing and handwashing were assessed by interview. Good practice was defined as wearing face mask, keeping social distance and handwashing. Data was collected by health professionals who have BSc and above (in nursing and public health) and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression at 95% confidence level were performed. From 1162 respondents, about three fifths, 714 (61.4%), were females and 829 (64.2%) were married. The mean knowledge score was 69.7 (SD±17.87) while mean score for attitude was 80.6 (SD±6.29). Only about one third, 380 (32.7%), had good practice. Occupation, age and overall knowledge about COVID-19 and its prevention were associated with good COVID-19 prevention measures. Knowledge and attitude related to COVID-19 prevention and control were moderate while practice was low. The risk communication strategy should be strengthened using precautionary advocacy.

Success of health cell approach in improving knowledge, attitude and practice related to COVID-19: difference-in-differences analyses of a community-based quasi-experimental trial

ObjectivesThere remain hesitations and miscommunication regarding appropriate public health behaviours and conceptions related to COVID-19. We tested the effectiveness of the community-based health cell approach in improving knowledge, attitude and...

Knowledge Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey among healthcare professionals in pediatrics on the psychomotor development of children. Case of urban and rural health areas in South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a cross-sectional study.

This was a cross-sectional study of knowledge, attitude, and practice conducted in the health areas of South Kivu. Twenty-six caregivers participated in the survey. Men were the most represented (61.5%), mean age 27.62±5.07 years; median experience in pediatrics: 1 year; predominantly urban setting with 69.2%. General practitioners were more represented, with 57.7%. The overall state of knowledge was insufficient in 69.2%. Knowledge1 improves with increasing experience in pediatrics (P=0.008), and qualification improves knowledge1 (P=0.033) and knowledge3 (P=0.009). Knowledge4 improved from rural to urban settings (P=0.022).A good knowledge of the scales used in the evaluation of psychomotor development influences the use of one or the other (P=0.000). The authors also notice that those who indicate and/or have physical therapy practiced in rehabilitation are generally those who have a good knowledge of the use of psychomotor development assessment tools (P=0.010). This study highlights the low theoretical knowledge of caregivers on psychomotor development in our study setting, resulting in late diagnosis and consequently poor treatment of psychomotor development disorders. The results of this study indicate a need for continuing education for pediatric caregivers on the psychomotor development of the child.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on COVID-19 among the general population in most affected districts of Nepal.

The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the global health challenges in the current context. In Nepal, the first confirmed case was reported on 23 January 2020, and since then, it has resulted in several negative impacts, including economic disruption and deterioration of physical and mental health. In such a pandemic, it is indispensable to understand the knowledge and behavioral patterns of the general population regarding COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices on COVID-19 among the general population in most affected districts and its relationship with socio-demographic conditions. The cross-sectional study was conducted among the general population above the age of 18 years from eight districts of Nepal including Kathmandu, Bhaktapur, Lalitpur, Morang, Sunsari, Rupandehi, Chitwan, and Kaski. A convenient non-probability sampling method was considered with total sample size of 702. The questionnaire survey was conducted to collect data. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric statistical tests, and a logistic regression model were used for analysis. The study showed that 93.3% of respondents had knowledge of overall preventive practices, whereas only 32% had knowledge of overall symptoms of COVID-19. Regarding attitudes, only 14.3% strongly believed that the COVID-19 pandemic would end soon. The preventive practice was reduced after the lockdown compared to that of during the lockdown. The respondents with white-collar occupations, high-income, and unmarried were good at KAP. Similarly, highly educated and those residing in urban areas had good knowledge and practice. The study findings will help in the development of targeted programs to improve the general population's knowledge, attitudes and practices on COVID-19, which is paramount to dealing with the existing pandemic and also such possible future waves of the pandemic.

Malaria diagnosis in rural healthcare facilities and treatment-seeking behavior in malaria endemic settings in western Kenya.

Accurate malaria diagnosis and timely treatment are requirements for effective management of the disease. However, treatment efficacy may be significantly reduced in resource-constrained healthcare facilities with poorly equipped laboratories and frequent drug and rapid diagnostic test kit (RDT) stock-outs. Furthermore, patient may avoid seeking treatment from such facilities. The study's goal was to determine treatment-seeking behavior, malaria diagnosis and treatment quality, and likely treatment-seeking determinants in the local population. Passive case detection, which targeted all patients with suspected malaria cases, was conducted in ten public healthcare facilities over a three-month period. Monthly malaria cases, methods of diagnosis and antimalarial drug availability were assessed. A household-based survey was also carried out. Structured questionnaires were used to collect knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) data from household heads. Malaria knowledge, treatment seeking behavior, and predictors of malaria treatment-seeking were all determined. Three of the seven dispensaries lacked a laboratory to conduct microscopy- diagnosis. These three dispensaries also experienced frequent RDT stock-outs, which resulted in depending on clinical signs as diagnosis for malaria. The majority of local residents with fever (50.3%) purchased antimalarial drugs from a chemist. About 37% of fever patients sought treatment at healthcare facility while the remaining 12.7% did not treat their fevers. In irrigated areas, 45.5% (46/64) of fever patients sought treatment at healthcare facilities, compared to 25% (18/64) in non-irrigated areas (p = 0.009). Most children aged below 5 who had fever (77.7%) were taken to healthcare facility for treatment compared to 31.4% of children aged 5-14 years or 20.9% of adults (0.0001). Predictors of treatment seeking included access to healthcare facility (OR = 16.23, 95% CI: 2.74-96.12), and ability to pay hospital bills (OR = 10.6, 95% CI: 1.97-57). Other factors that influenced health-seeking behavior included the severity of symptoms, the age of the patient and knowledge of malaria symptoms.

Small-scale mining policies in Ghana: Miners’ knowledge, attitudes and practices

Activities and operations of Artisanal Small-Scale Mining (ASM) have recently appealed to the attention of policymakers, researchers, and the public in Ghana. This stems from the negative impacts of ASM operations on the environment and livelihoods of local inhabitants as well as the disregard for available ASM mining policies. This study, therefore, investigates whether artisanal small-scale miners have enough knowledge of the mining policies and their implementations or not. The study adopted the Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) framework approach to design the research, collect, and analyze primary data. Likert-type scale and standardized weighted index were used to assess the level of knowledge on mining policies and the extent of good attitudes and practices adopted by miners. The most aware ASM policy provision is the one that mandates the government to reserve demarcated ASM areas for Ghanaians whilst the least aware provision is the one that admonishes the government to promote cooperative saving among ASM. The awareness index is lower than the attitude index towards the policy provisions. In terms of practices, miners continued to use bad practices with associated negative impacts on the environment and rural livelihoods. It is therefore important for the government through Mineral Commission, District, Municipal and Metropolitan Assemblies to intensify the education on the ASM policies. These could be done with the help of ASM associations. The current systems where a cluster of districts has a single Mineral Commission office should be restructured to make sure that each mining district has an office.

Legionnaires' Disease in Occupational Settings: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeastern Italy (2019).

In Italy, Legionnaires' Disease (LD) causes >1000 hospital admissions per year, with a lethality rate of 5 to 10%. Occupational exposures could reasonably explain a substantial share of total cases, but the role of Occupational Physicians (OPs) in management and prevention of LD has been scarcely investigated. The present survey therefore evaluates the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding LD from a convenience sample of Italian OPs, focusing on their participation in preventive interventions. A total of 165 OPs were recruited through a training event (Parma, Northeastern Italy, 2019), and completed a specifically designed structured questionnaire. The association between reported participation in preventive interventions and individual factors was analyzed using a binary logistic regression model, calculating corresponding multivariable Odds Ratio (aOR). Overall, participants exhibited satisfactory knowledge of the clinical and diagnostic aspects of LD, while substantial uncertainties were associated epidemiological factors (i.e., notification rate and lethality). Although the majority of participating OPs reportedly assisted at least one hospital (26.7%) and/or a nursing home (42.4%) and/or a wastewater treatment plant, only 41.8% reportedly contributed to the risk assessment for LD and 18.8% promoted specifically designed preventive measures. Working as OPs in nursing homes (aOR 8.732; 95% Confidence Intervals [95%CI] 2.991 to 25.487) and wastewater treatment plants (aOR 8.710; 95%CI 2.844 to 26.668) was associated with participation in the risk assessment for LD, while the promotion of preventive practice was associated with working as an OP in hospitals (aOR 6.792; 95%CI 2.026 to 22.764) and wastewater treatment plants (aOR 4.464, 95%CI 1.363 to 14.619). In other words, the effective participation of the OP in the implementation of preventive measures appears uncommon and is limited to certain occupational settings. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of tailoring specifically designed information campaigns aimed to raise the involvement of OPs in the prevention of LD in occupational settings other than healthcare.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis in Kutaber District, Ethiopia: Prevalence, sand fly fauna and community knowledge, attitude and practices

BackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) affects 25% of the population living in the highlands of Ethiopia. CL intervention has not decreased the number of leishmaniasis patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine CL prevalence, community’s knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP), and the sand fly fauna in Kutaber district, northeast Ethiopia. MethodsA retrospective, community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in Boru Meda Hospital from December 2014–March 2021 to study CL prevalence of Kutaber district. A Pre-tested, well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, KAP towards CL and knowledge about sand fly vectors. Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used in the study, and data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 (p < 0.05). ResultsA total of 10,002 (14.02%), of which 71,325 samples were confirmed as positive for CL. The infection rate of CL in females (7.1%) was a little bit higher than males (7.0%). More cases were recorded among 15–29 age category. The study also revealed that 77.1% of the respondents had poor knowledge about CL treatment, prevention, clinical presentation and disease transmission. Farmers tended to have poorer knowledge about sand flies than non-workers and students (32.7 vs. 35 and 44.1%; P = 0.049). Housewives had poorer knowledge about sand flies than farmers and workers (22.2 vs. 32.7 and 33.3%; P = 0.023). Phlebotomus longipes comprised the highest composition (80%) of the sand fly species identified in Kutaber district. ConclusionsThe data showed that the community had poor knowledge about CL, vector, and transmission mode. CL preventive measures were prevalent, implying the need to raise CL awareness. Phlebotomus longipes was identified as the most dominant sand fly species which accounted for CL. The findings can be used in developing an effective control strategy to reduce CL transmission in the study area and elsewhere in Ethiopia.

Evaluating the role of the diagnostic radiographer in identifying child safeguarding concerns: A knowledge, attitude and practice survey approach

IntroductionChild safeguarding and the appropriate identification of suspected victims represents a global phenomenon. Diagnostic imaging is acknowledged as a contributory diagnostic service but the role of the radiographer in the identification and escalation process is less well understood. MethodA Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) survey was constructed to evaluate knowledge base in the context of the patient–radiographer interaction, the shaping of attitude towards child safeguarding and attitudes held towards their role plus the actual practical experiences of managing child safeguarding concerns. ResultsRespondents demonstrated a inconsistent knowledge base with respect to physical, social and radiographic signs and symptoms of child safeguarding concern. A positive attitude towards the role of the radiographer in child safeguarding was demonstrated but one that was shaped more by experience than pre-registration education.Assessment of concerns was chiefly influenced by clinical history and appreciation of aetiology. Practically, radiographers have infrequent involvement with the identification and escalation of concerns. Whilst some statistically significant relationships between responses and demographics did exist, these were either sporadic or argued to be a result of natural variation. ConclusionAssessment of physical and social signs of child safeguarding concern are argued to be becoming more challenging. Radiological signs continue to be visible to radiographers but with increasing use of other imaging modalities these signs are becoming more varied in nature and are providing new challenges. Radiographers are capable of escalation when required to do so. Implications for practiceTo maximise the contribution of the profession, education needs to account for imaging modality worked with, in combination with an understanding of related aetiology. Previously existing concerns with respect to escalating processes are no longer in evidence and radiographers are both willing and able to contribute to that process.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice of healthcare workers regarding dengue fever in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran.

Dengue fever is a rapidly emerging infection worldwide with a high public health burden. Adequate training of healthcare workers is essential to warrant the timely provision of health services to improve the outcome of dengue management. This is an analytical cross-sectional study, conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of healthcare workers regarding dengue from April 2021 to March 2022 in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Data was collected using a researcher-made structured questionnaire, prepared as Google Forms, and sent to target groups through social media and email. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 22 software using descriptive and inferential statistics (Chi-square) at a significant level of 5%. Most of the respondents had heard about dengue (83.8%); media (32.7%) and academic education (25%) were the main sources of information. Respondents had less knowledge associated with dengue symptoms (52%) than prevention and control (69%), transmission (72.2%) and clinical management (81%). Based on the 70% cut-off point, the majority of the participants had a good attitude (81%) and practice (73%). However, only 49.6% of the respondents showed good practice regarding dengue local transmission. A significant difference was observed between participants knowledge on clinical management with occupation; attitude with gender and occupation; and practice with gender (p < 0.05). The results of this study revealed gaps in some dimensions of KAP in healthcare workers, therefore, a greater focus should be placed on future training programs to raise knowledge and attitude leading to sound practice and behavior for adequate management of dengue.

The relationship between Indonesian young people's knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of MyPlate with sociodemographic, body satisfaction, accessibility, and source of information.

MyPlate is a 2017 campaign about Indonesian Balanced Nutrition Guidelines. Nutrition knowledge of young people plays an important role since nutritional status of young people affects offspring's health. Moreover, they are more likely to be obese later in life, particularly in urban areas. The main objective of this descriptive study was to assess the relationship between knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of MyPlate with sociodemographic, body satisfaction (BS), accessibility and source of information. Data were collected in a cross-sectional study involving 413 young people in Jakarta. The online questionnaire was modified from previous studies, validated by three experts, pre-tested and proven to be reliable through Cronbach's alpha value of 0.714. In this study, most participants had poor knowledge (54%), good attitude (80%), fair practice (72%), fair BS (51%) and good accessibility (70%). Chi-square analysis showed significant relationships (p-value < 0.05) of knowledge with BS, education level, major; attitude with accessibility; practice with BS and accessibility; BS with gender; accessibility with socioeconomic status; source of information with education level and major. Moreover, the biggest source of MyPlate information was this questionnaire (45%), which means they were not familiar with MyPlate before. This study verifies the necessity to intensify its promotion and improve nutritional knowledge and practice in young people.

Assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19 among rural adolescents in Thakurgaon district, Bangladesh: an interview-based study

ObjectivesTo evaluate the understanding, opinions and actions concerning COVID-19, referred to as knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP), among rural adolescents in Bangladesh. Additionally, the study aimed to identify the determinants...