Assessment Of Knowledge Research Articles

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of over-the-counter drugs and dietary supplements among non-healthcare college students in Chitradurga

Background: The market for OTC drugs and dietary supplements is rapidly growing. However, there exists a lack of adequate awareness among the general public regarding the advantages and potential drawbacks associated with these products, particularly among the younger generation, who heavily rely on the internet for information. Therefore, this study sought to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of college students regarding OTC drugs and dietary supplements, including prevalence and associated factors. Methods: A prospective interventional study with 306 participants was conducted. Data were collected using a self-designed and pre-validated questionnaire and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 28. Descriptive and inferential (T-test) statistics were use. Results: The prevalence of usage of OTC drugs and DSs was found to be 98.4% and 61.4% respectively. Easy accessibility (42.2%), safe and well tolerable (32.5%) were the main factors that influenced them to turn to SM with OTC drugs. The respondent’s preference for DSs was primarily driven by their desire to maintain good health (33.6%). Internet (22.2%) and healthcare professionals (21.9%) were the two most reported sources that students relied on to obtain information about DSs. The result revealed poor knowledge and a positive attitude towards OTC drugs and DSs among all participants. Conclusions: A high prevalence of self-medication with OTC drugs and dietary supplements use was highlighted. Notable issues and improper practices were recognized. The findings indicate a need for education to enhance knowledge about OTC drugs and DSs and to encourage safe practices.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of generic drugs and their potential nocebo effects among second year medical students in a rural tertiary care teaching hospital: a cross-sectional study

Background: As drugs contribute significantly to healthcare costs, reduction in their cost by using generics offers a significant advantage so evaluation was done of knowledge, attitude, and practices of generic drugs and their potential nocebo effects among second year medical students in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Methods: A prospective, observational, and questionnaire-based study was conducted after approval by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Pretested and validated questionnaire consisting of 26 questions about generic drugs was filled by 92 participants. The filled questionnaires were collected and analyzed on Microsoft Excel sheet. Results: Majority (90.2%) students had heard about generic drugs, however, only 18.5% students thought there was a nocebo effect associated with the use of generic drugs. Majority of the study population had a positive attitude towards use of generic drugs and believed them to be equally efficacious as branded drugs in addition to not having more side effects than branded drugs, though their current practices did not reflect this knowledge and attitude. 63% also said that following this study, they were likely to prescribe or consume generics as future doctors and patients. Conclusions: The participants had sufficient knowledge and positive attitude towards use of generic drugs. Knowledge regarding the possible nocebo effects of generic drugs was lacking.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of pharmacovigilance amongst undergraduate students at a tertiary care teaching hospital: a questionnaire-based study

Background: Pharmacovigilance ensures patient safety and rational medication use. Spontaneous reporting by healthcare professionals is crucial, but underreporting is a major limitation. Education and training are vital to improve Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) reporting. Inculcating pharmacovigilance into undergraduate programs empowers medical students to report ADRs. Methods: This prospective questionnaire-based study focused on assessing knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding pharmacovigilance. A total of 223 medical undergraduate students of which 156 were students in 2nd year and 67 in 3rd final years who gave their consent were included in this study. Participants completed a pre-questionnaire before undergoing a training session on pharmacovigilance related to KAP. Following the training session, a post-questionnaire was given. Pre- and post-test questionnaires were compared and analysed using an appropriate statistical test. Results: The study showed that knowledge and attitude scores among second and third-year medical students improved after the training program. Following training, the mean knowledge score for second-year students significantly increased from 5.56 to 8.6, while their mean attitude score increased from 5.9 to 7.24. Similarly, for third-final-year students, the mean knowledge score improved from 6.62 to 9.01, and the mean attitude score increased from 6.69 to 7.52. The results clearly showed that the training program had a positive impact on the knowledge and attitude of both student groups. The mean practice scores for second-year and third-final-year students were 0.76 and 1.34, respectively. Conclusions: The study showed significant improvement in knowledge and attitude after the educational intervention, indicating a positive impact of the training program.

Building bridges - Fostering collaborative education in training dental informaticians.

Dental informatics is an emerging discipline. Although the accreditation agency governing dental education programs asserts the importance of informatics as foundational knowledge, no well-defined dental informatics courses currently exist within the standard predoctoral dental curriculum. There is a nationwide lack of dental informatics academic programs. This training gap is due to a lack of qualified dental informaticians to impart knowledge on dental informatics. This paper aims to introduce a novel conceptual framework for an interdisciplinary dental informatics program in preparing students to become dental informaticians. In 2023, we developed a standalone graduate certificate program in dental informatics at Indiana University (IU) School of Dentistry in collaboration with IU Luddy School of Informatics, Computing, and Engineering and IU Fairbanks School of Public Health. Feedback was collected through online surveys to assess course quality from students who took Introduction to Health Information in Dentistry. Feedback was analyzed qualitatively, utilizing a thematic analysis approach. Common responses relevant to dental informatics education were grouped into themes. Five major themes emerged during our analysis of the students' feedback: foundational knowledge and skills; experiential learning: learning by doing; access to resources and working on clinical information systems; health promotion through team-based learning; and retention of knowledge assessment and application. A conceptual framework was formulated through these themes as a guideline for future program improvement. This interdisciplinary educational program framework showed how students and faculty from various disciplines could collaborate, learn from each other, and bring in expertise from different domains. The collaboration happens in clinical, laboratory, and virtual settings to acquire hands on learning through practice and research projects. The developed conceptual framework aligned with the interdisciplinary nature of dental informatics. It can potentially be adopted by other interdisciplinary informatics programs in health and non-health care disciplines.

How Prepared are Ethiopian English Teachers to Teach Early Grade Reading?

Purpose. This paper examines how prepared Ethiopian public primary school English teachers are to teach early grade reading. Methodology. A descriptive research design of mixed methods was employed. A sample of 125 English teachers in 20 randomly selected primary schools in Hawassa City Administration was the source of data. The researchers employed a knowledge assessment test, focus group discussions, and questionnaires to gather the necessary data. The analysis of quantitative data was carried out by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25.0). Results. It has been learned from the findings that primary English teacher preparation paid little attention to coursework and practicum to teach early reading. The results also revealed that English teachers felt somewhat prepared to teach early grade reading. There is serious knowledge limitation among English teachers that (12)9.6% of primary English teachers scored 50% and above, whereas (113)90.4% of teachers scored below 50%; the teachers’ average knowledge test score was 36.4%. The results have clearly indicated that it is statistically significant, the direct relationship among teacher preparation coursework emphasis, practicum attention statistically significant, direct relationship among teacher preparation coursework emphasis, practicum attention, and teachers’ felt preparedness at (p=0.001). Conclusions. The results have led to the conclusion that teacher preparation, both in its coursework and practicum, did not pay due attention to teaching early grade reading. That is, primary English teachers were inadequately prepared to teach early grade reading. Based on the results of this study, to improve the practice of early literacy instruction, English teachers’ knowledge and skills gaps need to be duly addressed. Further studies that investigate the current practice of early literacy teacher preparation and professional development should be conducted with a larger sample size and diverse contexts.

Assessment of gestational diabetes mellitus knowledge, attitudes, and practices and associated factors among pregnant women at a district hospital in Coastal Kenya

BackgroundGestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy. GDM awareness among pregnant women translates into GDM prevention and early diagnosis.ObjectiveTo establish the underlying factors influencing GDM Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) among pregnant women at Kinango District Hospital.MethodAn explanatory mixed-methods design was implemented by initially assessing GDM KAP quantitatively [QUAN], followed by the qualitative [qual] exploration of contextual factors behind quantitative results. In the [QUAN] strand, 354 pregnant women were interviewed from January to February 2019. Thereafter, in the [qual] strand, key informant interviews were conducted among four pregnant women and three healthcare workers; a focus group discussion was held among nine pregnant women, from May to June 2019. STATA V15 software package was used to analyze the quantitative data. Qualitative data were analyzed manually using thematic analysis.ResultAmong 354 pregnant women, 29.0% were knowledgeable, 46.98% had good attitude and 60.17% had good practice. Attending at least one antenatal clinic visit and having heard about diabetes mellitus were associated with good GDM attitude and practices. Among the knowledgeable pregnant women, one-third (33.33%) obtained GDM information from a health facility. Discussions with pregnant women and the interviews with healthcare workers highlighted that daily health talks during antenatal clinic, included GDM and diabetes mellitus information. Furthermore, attendance of at least one antenatal clinic visit was low (85.88%), among pregnant women (87.86%) who were expected to have attended at least one antenatal clinic visits.ConclusionDespite low GDM knowledge, pregnant women had relatively good GDM attitudes and good GDM practices. Daily health talks conducted during antenatal clinic as well as indigenous knowledge among pregnant women, influenced the latter. Hence, GDM information dissemination needs to be enhanced for the improvement of GDM KAP among pregnant women for GDM prevention.

Dementia Rehabilitation Training for General Practitioners and Practice Nurses: Does It Make a Difference?

Rehabilitation helps reduce disability in dementia. The Australian National Dementia Action Plan identifies a gap in clear treatment pathways post-diagnosis, affecting the quality of life for those with dementia. This study assessed the impact of a one-day dementia training course and follow-up on GPs' and practice nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and confidence regarding dementia rehabilitation. The training, led by two experienced GPs and an academic physiotherapist, covered dementia diagnosis, allied health roles, care planning, and referrals. The follow-up involved applying the learnt material and completing a reflective task. Three longitudinal surveys (Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale-DKAS, General Practitioners' Attitudes and Confidence towards Dementia Survey-GPACS-D, and Dementia Rehabilitation Scale) and Likert-scale statements were conducted pre-course, post-course, and at four-month follow-up, alongside a focus group. Descriptive and regression analyses were applied to survey data, and content analysis was used for focus group data. Seventeen participants (14 GPs, 3 nurses) completed the pre-post-course survey, with eight (6 GPs, 2 nurses) participating in follow-up and focus group discussions. Post-course, DKAS scores increased by 12.1%, GPACS-D by 10.1%, and the dementia rehabilitation scale by 9.4%. Likert-scale statements improved by 8-79%. At the four-month follow-up, there was a slight, non-significant decline in most measures. Focus groups highlighted the training's impacts, useful components, barriers, and suggestions for improvement. Training GPs and practice nurses in dementia rehabilitation enhances knowledge, awareness, and confidence. Ongoing efforts are needed to sustain benefits and address referral barriers for better access to dementia rehabilitation services.

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Sexual and Reproductive Health among Secondary School Students in Kicukiro District, Rwanda

Sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is intricately connected to a variety of factors, including cultural norms, psychological influences, and individual experiences. This study explores the experiences of late adolescents regarding SRH, focusing on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices in Kicukiro District, Rwanda. Despite government efforts to educate youth on SRH, many secondary school students remain vulnerable to issues like unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs). To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding sexual and reproductive health among secondary school students in Kicukiro District, Rwanda. The study targeted secondary school students from two schools: Groupe Scolaire Saint Vincent Pillotie Gikondo (urban) and EFOTEK (rural). Using Fisher’s formula, a sample size of 423 respondents was determined through stratified random sampling. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS and descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The findings revealed that 88% of students were aware of puberty and pregnancy processes, while 78.7% were knowledgeable about contraceptive methods, particularly condoms and oral contraceptives. Positive attitudes towards SRH were noted, with a mean score of 4.00 for pre-marital relationships, but significant misconceptions existed, such as 11% of respondents lacking knowledge on HIV protection. The overall mean for practices related to SRH was 3.98 for seeking medical check-ups, indicating a willingness to engage with health services. However, practices promoting healthy lifestyles received a lower mean of 3.25, suggesting areas needing improvement. The study highlights the need for enhanced sexual and reproductive health education among secondary school students in Kicukiro District. While students demonstrate good knowledge and positive attitudes toward SRH, targeted interventions are necessary to address misconceptions and promote healthier practices, particularly in areas related to lifestyle and open communication.

Assessment of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices for Optimal Oral Health among Adults in Benin City, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Oral health is crucial for overall well-being, involving the maintenance of good oral hygiene to prevent diseases. Despite global progress, gaps persist in developing countries, leading to higher oral disease prevalence. Factors such as awareness, access, cultural beliefs, and dental phobia significantly impact oral health. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices also play critical roles. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to the oral health of adults in Benin City, Edo State. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 198 adults attending a dental outreach program in three local government areas (Ikpoba-Okha, Oredo, and Egor) in Benin City, Edo State. A sample size of 200 was determined using the Cochrane formula. A researcher-administered proforma was used for data collection, assessing socio-demographics, oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices. A validated questionnaire was used for knowledge assessment, and a Likert scale was employed for attitude measurement. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) and the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index were used for clinical examination. Data were analyzed using IBM® SPSS® Statistics version 25. Results: The mean oral health knowledge, attitudes, and practices among respondents were 57.5%, 83.1%, and 55.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The study revealed fair knowledge and practices but good attitudes among respondents. Notable gaps exist in oral hygiene knowledge and practices, although the positive attitudes observed may support effective oral health promotion efforts. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(2): 3-8

Promotion of Knowledge and Trust Surrounding Scarce Resource Allocation Policies

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid development of scarce resource allocation policies (SRAPs) in case demand for critical health services eclipsed capacity. To test whether a brief educational video could improve knowledge of how the University of California Health's SRAP would be implemented and trust in health systems to implement such policies in accordance with ethical principles during the pandemic. This randomized clinical trial used an educational video intervention embedded in a longitudinal web-based survey and was conducted between May and December 2020 and analyzed during March 2024. A total of 1971 adult participants were enrolled, of whom 939 completed follow-up; participants with matched baseline and follow-up responses were analyzed. California residents were randomized to view the intervention (n = 345) or not (n = 353) and stratified by age, sex, education, racial identity, and self-reported health care worker status. Non-California residents were allocated to the control group (n = 241). A brief (6-minute) "explainer" video that provided an overview of mechanics and ethical principles underpinning the University of California Health SRAP, subtitled in 6 languages. Self-reported survey assessment of knowledge of components of SRAP, graded as correct vs incorrect, and trust graded on a 10-point Likert scale. Anxiety about such policies was graded on a 10-point Likert scale with an a priori noninferiority margin of half of a standard deviation. Participants answered items at baseline and follow-up (approximately 10 weeks after baseline), with randomization occurring between administrations. Of 770 randomized participants with responses at both points, 566 (73.5%) were female, and the median (IQR) age was 43.5 (36-57) years. Intervention participants demonstrated improvement of 5.6 (95% CI, 4.8-6.4; P < .001) more correct knowledge items of 20 vs controls, as well as significant improvements in reported trust in fairness/consistency and honesty/transparency about SRAP implementation. There was no significant change in reported anxiety surrounding SRAP in either treatment or control groups. The trial found that a brief educational video is sufficient to explain complex ethical tenets and mechanics of SRAP and improved knowledge of such policies and trust in health systems to implement them equitably while not exacerbating anxiety about potential policy implications. This informs practice by providing a framework for educating people about the use of these policies during future situations necessitating crisis standards of care. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04373135.

Assessment Of Knowledge Towards Good Documentation Practices Among Pharm D Pharmacology Students

Assessment Of Knowledge Towards Good Documentation Practices Among Pharm D Pharmacology Students

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Cleft Lip and Palate Management among Adult Population in Chennai

Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness of Cleft Lip and Palate Management among Adult Population in Chennai

Does Online Social Support Affect the Eating Behaviors of Polish Women with Insulin Resistance?

Insulin resistance, a key factor in developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, is linked to various health conditions. The basis of its treatment is lifestyle modification. However, adherence to nutritional and other medical recommendations can be challenging for chronic disease patients due to many factors, including demographics, social context, gender, age, and the patient's baseline health condition. This study aims to evaluate the impact of online support group members on the diet quality of women with insulin resistance. This study was conducted as an online survey consisting of KomPAN (validated food frequency questionnaire) augmented with questions regarding using professional counseling and membership in support groups. The study covered 1565 women with insulin resistance, 1011 of whom were associated with the online support group. The mean pHDI (pro-health diet index) was 5.18 ± 2.69 in the support groups and 4.86 ± 2.69 in the control group (p = 0.0319. There were no significant differences in the nHDI (non-health diet index). We found that the pHDI is associated with financial situations, the household's situation, occupation education level, and medical or dietitian care, whereas occupation, medical, and dietitian care affect the nHDI. Membership in support groups is related to a higher pHDI and state of self-assessment of nutritional knowledge. Our study indicates a relationship between participation in online support groups and dietary behaviors and the subjective assessment of nutrition knowledge. Future research should focus on elucidating the mechanisms behind these influences and exploring how these communities can be optimized for broader public health initiatives.

Knowledge and conspiracy belief of healthcare professionals on human monkeypox virus: a cross-sectional study in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh

Background: Since early May 2022, the unprecedented outbreak of human monkey pox (HMPX) has been documented globally which demands assessment of knowledge on the emerging viral infection as well as the state of conspiracy belief among the healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge about HMPX and its relation to conspiracy belief. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Combined Military Hospital Dhaka (CMH) among purposively selected 254 healthcare professionals from July 2022 to September 2022. Data were collected through face-to-face interview using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with validated and reliable tools. Results: The study comprised a total of 254 respondents, including 53.9% male, 72.8% respondents having a graduate degree and 42.9% individuals aged between 26-30 years. The study revealed very poor (61.8%) knowledge on HMPX as well as higher (50.4%) belief in conspiracy theory among the respondents. The hierarchical logistic regression revealed that male had significantly higher (B=1.12, OR 3.06, 95% CI=1.714-5.463) knowledge on HMPX virus than that of the female, age group &lt;31 years emerged as a negative and significant predictor than that of the age group &gt;31 years (B= -1.065, OR 0.345, 95% CI=0.172-0.690), monthly income of between 60001-90000 taka also emerged as a positive and significant predictor than that of the income of &gt;90001 taka (B=0.763, OR 2.145, 95% CI=1.002-4.595). Conclusion: The study findings demand intervention of appropriate health educational program in the medical study curriculum. JOPSOM 2023; 42(1):29-39

Adherence and Knowledge among Geriatric Cardiac Patients

BACKGROUND: Non-adherence to medication is a public health problem that affects every age group, but geriatric patients are particularly at risk because they face a high likelihood of disease, cognitive decline, and polypharmacy. AIM: In this study, we evaluated the knowledge of prescribed medication and adherence to medication regimens among geriatric cardiac patients in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: We interviewed 750 geriatric patients at the cardiac center of King Fahad Medical City. We assessed their knowledge about their medications using the Medication Knowledge Assessment questionnaire and a validated Arabic version of The Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS‐5). We analyzed the relationship between their knowledge of medication and their adherence to it. We assessed how well these patients understood the information given to them by their healthcare providers. RESULTS: The estimated mean rate of adherence to long-term medication regimens was 56%. There was a positive relationship between knowledge and adherence. CONCLUSION: Geriatric patients in Saudi Arabia have low overall adherence to medication regimens, and patients with higher knowledge levels are more adherent. Geriatric patients should receive detailed counseling from their care providers to ensure better adherence.

Dementia knowledge of family caregivers in Indonesia: A cross-sectional survey study.

As the population ages, the prevalence of dementia in Indonesia is rapidly increasing. In Indonesia, dementia care is primarily provided by informal or family caregivers. However, there is limited information about these caregivers' understanding of dementia and the factors that may influence their knowledge. Given that family members are the primary source of dementia care in Indonesia, it is essential to understand their knowledge and identify any gaps to inform future educational interventions. To explore the knowledge of dementia among Indonesian family caregivers and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with dementia knowledge. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022 with 200 family caregivers who were members of Alzheimer's Indonesia (ALZI) support groups. These caregivers received invitations via ALZI to complete a translated version of the Dementia Knowledge Assessment Scale (DKAS-I). Independent t-tests and ANOVAs were used to examine differences in dementia knowledge across various subgroups, such as gender, education, and age. Seventy-six family caregivers completed the DKAS-I (38% response rate). Respondents had an average age of 49 years, were mostly female, and the majority were children of people with dementia. Over two-thirds of the DKAS-I items were answered correctly by family caregivers, with the 'care considerations' domain scoring the highest. Age, relationship to the person with dementia (being a child), and prior dementia education were significantly correlated with higher dementia knowledge in our sample. Family caregivers of people living with dementia across 10 Indonesian provinces who were members of dementia support groups demonstrated moderate dementia knowledge. Targeted education is needed to address gaps in knowledge about communication and behavioural changes in people with dementia and other areas related to quality of care. There is an opportunity for gerontological nurses with specialised dementia knowledge to lead educational initiatives for family caregivers to enhance their capacity. Future research should also investigate the dementia knowledge of caregivers in the general population, who may be older and less educated compared to the participants in this study.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Educational Package in Terms of Knowledge Regarding Essential New Born Care among Mother in the Postnatal Wards of Selected Hospital, Nadiad

BACKGROUND: The neonatal period, covering the first 28 days of life is a vital stage marked by significant physiological changes and the new borns adjustment to the crucial for the baby’s survival and long term health. Proper new born care is essential in decreasing neonatal illness and death promoting healthy growth and development. Worldwide neonatal mortality is a major public issue, especially in low and middle income nations. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that nearly 2.4 million children die within their first month of life annually, with most of these deaths happening within the first week. Infection are a leading cause of neonatal mortality, responsible for about one-third all neonatal deaths. New born are practically vulnerable to infection due to their underdeveloped immune system. Education on essential new-born care, covering aspects like infection prevention, breastfeeding thermal care, and immunization, plays a critical role in decreasing these fatalities. Postnatal wards offer a special chances to educate mothers about essential new-born care. During this period mothers are typically more open to learning and incorporating new practice that can benefit their infants. Tailored educational programs designed for postnatal mothers of essential new-born care practice and encourage their adoption. AIM This study assess the effectiveness of an educational package design to enhance mothers' knowledge regarding essential new born care in selected hospital in Nadiad. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an educational package on mothers' knowledge about essential new born care in post natal wards. METHODS A quasi experimental study design was employed. The study include 40 mothers in post natal wards from selected hospital in Nadiad. Participants were divided into two groups: An experimental group receiving the educational package and a control group receiving standard care. Pre-test and post- test knowledge assessments were conducted using a structured questionnaire. INTERVENTION: The educational package comprised informative flip book interactive session focus on essential new born care such as breast feeding, hygiene, immunization and recognizing dangerous sign.RESULTS: The pre-test knowledge scores of both groups were comparable. Post intervention, the group showed a significant increase on knowledge scores compared to the pre- test. Statistical analysis using paired T test revealed that the educational package effectively improved mother’s knowledge of essential new born care (p&lt; 0.05). The educational package significantly enhanced mother’s knowledge regarding essential new born care in post natal wards. Implementing such educational interventions can improve new born health outcomes by empowering mothers which crucial care. Further studies are recommended to assess long term retention of knowledge and its impact on new born health.

Assessing the Climate Readiness of Physician Education Leaders in Graduate Medical Education.

Climate change affects patient health through an array of exposures, including increasing heatwaves, extreme weather events, poor air quality, and expanding vector-borne illnesses. Physicians are at the forefront of addressing the health consequences of these exposures with patients, and environmental sustainability has become a priority for health care organizations. Accordingly, climate change and health is becoming a critical area for graduate medical education (GME). As GME leaders design and drive education in residency and fellowship programs, understanding those leaders' baseline knowledge on this topic and its alignment with their organizations' priorities is an essential step in the development of climate and health education programs. A search of existing climate and health knowledge assessments revealed an array of tools, yet most had limited applicability for physicians. We systematically created a brief GME climate and health baseline assessment requiring less than 10 minutes of users' time. The assessment was administered anonymously via an online survey tool to GME leaders at three sponsoring institutions across three states within our health care system. Responses from 115 of 155 individuals (74% response rate) yielded an average 62% correct (standard deviation = 16%) and a score range of 10% to 90%. This baseline assessment identifies GME leaders' knowledge gaps about climate change and its impacts on health, the role of health care organizations in producing planet-warming pollution accelerating climate change, and the prioritization of these issues within our organization.

Emergency imaging protocols for pregnant patients: a multi-institutional and multi- specialty comparison of physician education.

Previous studies have demonstrated that radiologists and other providers perceive maging to be higher than they actually are. Thus, pregnant patients were less likely to receive ionizing radiation procedures. While it is imperative to minimize fetal radiation exposure, clinicians must remember that diagnostic studies should not be avoided due to fear of radiation, particularly if the imaging study can significantly impact patient care. Although guidelines do exist regarding how best to image pregnant patients, many providers are unaware of these guidelines and thus lack confidence when making imaging decisions for pregnant patients. This study aimed to gather information about current education, confidence in, and knowledge about emergency imaging of pregnant women among radiology, emergency medicine, and OB/GYN providers. We created and distributed an anonymous survey to radiology, emergency medicine, and OB/GYN providers to evaluate their knowledge and confidence in imaging pregnant patients in the emergent setting. This study included a questionnaire with the intent of knowing the correct answers among physicians primarily across the United States (along with some international participation). We conducted subgroup analyses, comparing variables by specialty, radiology subspecialty, and training levels. Based on the survey results, we subsequently developed educational training videos. 108 radiologists, of which 32 self-identified as emergency radiologists, ten emergency medicine providers and six OB/GYN clinicians completed the survey. The overall correct response rate was 68.5%, though performance across questions was highly variable. Within our 18-question survey, four questions had a correct response rate under 50%, while five questions had correct response rates over 90%. Most responding physicians identified themselves as either "fairly" (58/124, 47%) or "very" (51/124, 41%) confident. Amongst specialties, there were differences in performance concerning the knowledge assessment (p = 0.049), with the strongest performance from radiologists. There were no differences in knowledge by training level (p = 0.4), though confidence levels differed significantly between attending physicians and trainees (p < 0.001). This study highlights deficiencies in knowledge to support appropriate decision-making surrounding the imaging of pregnant patients. Our results indicate the need for improved physician education and dissemination of standardized clinical guidelines.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the contraceptive knowledge assessment scale in college students

ObjectivesTo translate and revise the Contraceptive Knowledge Assessment (CKA) scale and apply it to Chinese college male/female students. After cross-cultural adjustment of the source scale, the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the scale were tested.Study designThis study utilized a cross-sectional research design. Translation, cognitive interviews and a psychometric evaluation were carried out. A survey was then conducted among 388 college students in Shanghai to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the CKA scale.ResultsThere were 22 items in the Chinese version. Factor analysis extracted 8 common factors, with a cumulative contribution rate of 58.923%, and 3 items were eliminated. The Cronbach’s α coefficient was 0.793, and the test-retest reliability Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.743.ConclusionThe Chinese version of the CKA scale has good reliability and validity and is suitable for assessing the level of contraceptive knowledge.