Knowledge Acquisition Activity Research Articles

Knowledge Acquisition and Its Impact on Competitiveness

Knowledge acquisition begins with identifying knowledge in an organization's external environment and concludes with transforming that knowledge into a representation that can be used by the organization. This can manifest as any of 10 kinds of activities belonging to the knowledge acquisition class. This paper identifies and tests each kind of knowledge acquisition activity and finds empirical support for the propositions that the kinds of activities in the knowledge acquisition class can be performed in ways contributing to an organization's competitiveness. Additionally, for 9 of the 10 knowledge acquisition activities, the study offers empirical support that when technology is more important in the way activities are performed, those activities yield more strongly positive competitive impacts. Implications for practitioners and researchers are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Exploring Language Threshold Effect and Its Differential Manifestation in Different Measurement Tools

The language threshold effect on comprehending an L2 (second language) text was experimentally examined, using two types of measurement tool, multiple-choice & true/false questions and a recall task for L2 reading comprehension. Cognitive processes implicated in each measure were delineated to allow a finer analysis on the role of L1 reading competence and L2 proficiency in comprehending an L2 text. In order to observe how one aspect of L2 proficiency, vocabulary knowledge, is related to language threshold effect, thirty-two 9th grade Korean students in Korea were given a vocabulary knowledge acquisition activity in a treatment condition between a pretest and a posttest. The relative contributions that L1 reading competence and L2 proficiency made to L2 reading comprehension were analyzed before the treatment and after the treatment using multiple-regression analysis technique. The findings of this repeated measure design were consistent with previous correlational studies showing that the role of L1 reading competence became stronger as L2 proficiency operationalized via vocabulary knowledge improved. What is elaborated in the present study is the fact that cognitive processes, initiated by a recall task, are more sensitive to the weakening of language threshold effects.

BioOntoVerb: A top level ontology based framework to populate biomedical ontologies from texts

The Semantic Web can be conceived as an extension of the current Web where information is given well-defined meaning. In this scenario ontologies are crucial since they provide meaning and facilitate the search for contents and information. Ontology population is a knowledge acquisition activity used to transform data sources into instance data. The instantiation of ontologies with new knowledge is an important step towards the provision of valuable ontology-based services. In this paper, we present a methodology to be used for ontology population. For it, top level ontologies that define the basic semantic relations in biomedical domains are mapped onto semantic role labelling resources, where every semantic role defines the role of a verbal argument in the event expressed by the verb. The modular architecture employed in our work gives the system a high versatility, as resources have been developed separately and they can be easily adapted to most biomedical domain ontologies.

Visual attention and its relation to knowledge states in chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes

Primates rely on visual attention to gather knowledge about their environment. The ability to recognize such knowledge-acquisition activity in another may demonstrate one aspect of Theory of Mind. Using a series of experiments in which chimpanzees were presented with a choice between an experimenter whose visual attention was available and another whose vision was occluded, we asked whether chimpanzees understood the relationship between visual attention and knowledge states. The animals showed sophisticated understanding of attention from the first presentation of each task. Under more complex experimental conditions, the subjects had more difficulty with species-typical processing of attentional cues and those likely to be learned during human contact. We discuss the results with respect to the comparative impact of enculturation on chimpanzees.

KNOWLEDGE ACQUISITION TECHNIQUES AND SECOND-GENERATION EXPERT SYSTEMS

We present techniques used in ADELE, a second-generation expert system (SGES), to support the knowledge acquisition activity in the diagnostic domain. The approach has been studied inside the framework of SGES; it is based on the reunions between knowledge acquisition and explanations. When new heuristic knowledge is acquired, its justifications are looked for in domain models to support the knowledge acquisition process. ADELE is a medical diagnostic reasoning system for electromyography.

A natural language front-end for knowledge acquisition

Knowledge Acquisition has historically been a bottleneck in the development of knowledge based systems. While efficient and powerful techniques have been developed for knowledge representation and processing, transferring knowledge from the problem domain into the knowledge base is characterized by the inordinate effort required by knowledge engineers; a lack of any substantial automation of the knowledge acquisition process; and in particular, the difficulty and undue complexity of the knowledge acquisition interfaces for many knowledge based systems. This paper proposes a Natural Language Interface or Front-End as a means of effective knowledge acquisition for knowledge based systems. This would have the advantage of transferring the burden of knowledge acquisition from the user to the system, while providing ease of natural language interaction to the user. By constraining such a front-end to use within limited problem domains, many of the difficulties associated with natural language processing may be avoided, while reaping the benefits of more effective knowledge acquisition. It is also recognized that the knowledge acquisition activity is one that possesses expertise of itself, and using a knowledge acquisition expert system in parallel to this front-end will likely offer further advantages in the development of part or wholly-automated knowledge acquisition.

The knowledge acquisition activity matrix: a systems engineering conceptual framework

An overview is presented of the knowledge acquisition challenges posed by operational artificial intelligence (AI) system development, and limitations in current knowledge acquisition approaches are identified. The authors present a systems engineering conceptual framework that views knowledge acquisition as consisting of unique knowledge acquisition steps in such system engineering phases as problem definition, requirements analysis, functional specification, system design, system development, test and evaluation, and system maintenance. The proposed conceptual framework presents a systematic and structured approach for the design, at the beginning of a knowledge-based system development project, of knowledge engineering activities. This framework allows the AI system designer to scope and prescribe knowledge acquisition activities more efficiently and realistically than many current ad hoc methods. The focus is on the goals, constraints, and results of knowledge acquisition activities as they pertain to system development phases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>