Cotton Knitted Fabrics Research Articles

ВПЛИВ ПОВЕРХНЕВО-АКТИВНИХ РЕЧОВИН НА ПОВЕРХНЕВИЙ НАТЯГ РОЗЧИНІВ ДЛЯ ПРОМИВАННЯ БАВОВНЯНОГО ТРИКОТАЖУ

Analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, the establishment of surfactants for functional purposes, which should be part of the composition, and the study of changes in the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes designed to create a composition for the preparation of cotton knitted fabrics. Determination of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of different concentrations was carried out by the method of detachment of the ring, using the Du-Nui method. The paper presents the results of the analysis of the mechanism of action of surfactants in the conditions of washing cotton knitted fabrics, it is established what properties the constituents of the composition should possess and the surfactants that contribute to the maximum reduction in the surface tension of their solutions are determined. Scientifically substantiated the principles of creating surfactants compositions for the scouring of cotton knitted fabric on the basis of an analysis of the mechanism of their action and found that the wetting and washing abilities of surfactants are the determinants; the isothermal dependences of the surface tension of solutions of surfactants of various classes are first obtained. Surface-active substances and their concentrations are established, which ensure low surface tension of solutions.

Investigation on the Physical Properties of 100% Cotton Knit Fabric by Treating with Crossslinking Agents

TApplication of crosslinking agent to impart wrinkle recovery property on cotton fabrics is very popular for textile industry. This paper represents the effect of different crosslinking agent on the physical properties and the wrinkle recovery of cotton knit fabric. Here five different types of crosslinking agent from three different chemical companies were used. The work was divided into two parts .At first; crosslinking agents were applied on cotton fabric than various related tests were done on the treated and untreated fabric. Better crease resistancy was found on the finishing agent having high formaldehyde content .The other important properties like tensile strength, dimensional stability, stiffness, abrasion resistance pilling resistance and areal density was studied here. Among them some properties were improved and some were fall down.

Modification of Reduction Clearing Process of Polyester Blend Cotton Knitted Fabric Dyeing

Modification of Reduction Clearing Process of Polyester Blend Cotton Knitted Fabric Dyeing

Prediction of whiteness index of cotton using bleaching process variables by fuzzy inference system

A fuzzy prediction model has been built based on hydrogen peroxide concentration, temperature and time of bleaching as the input variables and knitted fabric whiteness index as the output variable. The process parameters affecting the whiteness index of cotton knitted fabrics are very non-linear. Fuzzy inference system is a prospective modeling tool as it can map effectively in nonlinear domain with minimum investigational data. Triangular-shaped membership functions were considered for the variables and total 48 rules were created in this study. It was found that the sole effect of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide on whiteness is pretty low, but is affected by temperature noticeably even in a fixed concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The model proposed in the present study has been verified by additional experimental data set. The root mean square, mean absolute error percentage and coefficient of determination (R2) between the predicted and experimental values were found to be 0.536, 0.798 and 0.959 respectively. The results validate that the model can be applied suitably for the prediction of fabric whiteness index in textile industries.

An Eco-friendly Approach of Cotton Fabric Dyeing with Natural Dye Extracted from Bixa orellana Seeds Employing Different Metallic Mordants

The aim of this project work is to study the application of Bixa orellana seed for dyeing of cotton knitted fabric. To satisfy the future demand for an eco-friendly as well as sustainable dyeing of cotton fabric numeric exploration had been performed in this work. Natural dye was extracted by normal water extraction method with caustic soda from raw seed of Bixa orellana. In this experiment commercially scoured-bleached 100% cotton knitted single jersey structure fabric with an areal density of 140 grams per square meter is used. Pre-mordanting action of cotton fabric samples were carried out using various metallic salts. Samples were dyed using by Glauber Salt + hot wash with Standard Soap, without Glauber Salt + hot wash, Glauber Salt + without hot wash and without Glauber Salt + without hot wash. Color strength of the dyed samples for different dyeing condition was assessed by means of K/S value. To intensify the color strength various mordanting agents were used. Effect of mordanting agents had evaluated by means of K/S value. Best color strength was yield for the samples dyed with Bixa orellana which were mordanted with CuSO4. Impact of electrolyte on color strength had also investigated by means of K/S value. Color fastness of the selected dyed samples to water, washing, perspiration and rubbing were evaluated. Impact of mordanting agents, hot wash and electrolyte were intensively evaluated. In all cases mordanted samples with CuSO4 exhibit best result. This result adumbrates developing a sustainable technology for a cabalistic utilization of Bixa orellana seed for coloration of cotton knitted fabric. The exquisite assessment of all tested properties of colored samples evolves this technology can be commercially implemented by considering few limitations.

Effects of different scouring methods on the catalytic efficiency of pectinase for cotton knitted fabrics

The application of bioscouring in cotton knitted fabrics should be improved owing to being a time-consuming process. In order to accelerate the bioscouring rate and shorten the bioscouring process, a repeated padding method is used on cotton knitted fabrics. The effect of the repeated padding with pectinase was studied by using FE-SEM and FTIR, and the catalytic rate was measured at different reaction temperatures, pick-up, and soaking times. The results observed in this study showed that during the bioscouring process for cotton knitted fabrics, the average catalytic rate of the repeatedly padding method was sixfold faster than the impregnation method, and the process time (15 min) decreased by 65 minutes compared with the impregnation method (80 min); the processing time was shortened to one-sixth of the impregnation method. Furthermore, the wettability of cotton knitted fabrics was better than those treated via impregnation. In the repeated padding process, with the soaking time increasing from 5 s to 25 s, the produced reducing sugar concentration increased from 1.71 mg/ml to 3.60 mg/ml in the same process time; with the pick-up increased from 50% to 90%, the produced reducing sugar concentration first increased from 1.99 mg/ml to 3.60 mg/ml, then decreased to 1.86 mg/ml. When the pick-up was about 70%, the catalytic rate of pectinase reached the best value (0.24 mg/ml/min).

Effect of Special Finishes on the Functional Properties of Cotton Fabrics

This study demonstrated that the changes in functional properties of both woven and knit cotton fabrics were determined to evaluate the performance of different special finishes. Here, 100% cotton fabrics were treated with different types of finishing chemicals at different formulations. To assess the performance of different finishes on fabric properties, GSM, bursting strength, tensile strength, dimensional stability, absorbency, crease recovery angle with ASTM and AATCC methods were done. The results showed that the functional properties of the finished cotton fabrics both woven and knit depend to a great extent on the type of finish.

Spirality in Knitted Fabric

Knit wear industry is growing at a faster rate across the globe and technological innovations contribute a lot in the success of industry. Knitted cotton fabric is considered ideal for next-toskin wear. Knit wear fabrics are popular because of their excellent properties of comfort, softness, sweat absorption, durability and softness. The dimensional stability is a serious problem with reference to quality. Quality of the fabric is of prime concern in placement of new ties between buyers and manufacturers. Consumers, now days, are becoming increasingly concerned and aware of fabric quality and accept higher quality standards than ever before. Pakistan’s knit wear industry is lagging behind the world knitting industry due to its less command and control over quality awareness and implementation of quality standards. Various defects in knitted fabrics affect the quality but spirality is the most common fault that affects the single jersey knit wear fabric. Single jersey fabric is mostly used for T-Shirts, sports wears and under garments, so position of seam is very important in the exact shape of the product, more is spirality, more de shaped is the end product.

The Effect of Temperature Variation on Dyeing Tie-Dye Cotton Fabrics Dyed with Reactive Dye

The improvement of colorfastness properties of tie dyed cotton knit fabrics with reactive dye has been studied. Pretreated cotton knit fabric is use to dyeing for easy absorption and retention of dye. Color fastness properties of any dyed fabric are very important aspects as the end use of fabric depends on these properties. This study is to evaluate the color fastness to washing and perspiration using the method ISO 105-2CS:2002 and ISO105-E04. The fabric is dyed with reactive dye in same concentration but in two different temperature (30°C and 60°C) and with different amount of sodium carbonate (15 g/l, 18 g/l and 20 g/l) respectively. It is observed that the increasing temperature and using related amount of sodium carbonate the fabric absorbs more dye. In 30°C temperature the result of washing fastness is fairly good to very good where in 60°C the result is very good to excellent. Perspiration fastness result is fairly good to very good both in 30°C and 60°C temperature. The result shows very good of all washing and perspiration fastness in 20 g/l sodium carbonate. The result is concluded that the color fastness of tie-dyed samples is improved by the increasing of temperature and higher amount of sodium carbonate.

Characterization of Cotton Fabric Dyed with Natural Dye Extracted from Old Fustic Wood

Knitted cotton fabric was mordanted with mimosa tannin and alum and dyed with Fustic Color. The highest exhaustion degree of the fustic dyebath (29.62%) is shown by the fabric mordanted with 8% mimosa/15% alum followed by 2% mimosa/4% alum. The fastness properties of dyed fabrics to washing, alkaline and acid sweat, dry and wet rubbing and light are poor no matter the type or concentration of the mordants. The poor fastness properties of dyed fabrics could be attributed to the low affinity of the negatively charged cotton fibers for polyphenolic compounds of natural dyes and large molecules of condensed tannins. The vanillin-H2SO4 method demonstrates the presence of large amount of fustic color and tannins in the dyebaths remained after dyeing. The mordanted and dyed fabrics provide an excellent protection against UV rays, the UPF values exceeding 50+. The fabrics mordanted with 2% Mimosa/ 4% Alum and with 8% Mimosa/ 15% Alum and dyed with Fustic Color show a good antibacterial activity against S. aureus.

Softening Finish of Cotton Knit Fabrics with Nanoscale Softener

Softening Finish of Cotton Knit Fabrics with Nanoscale Softener

Changes of tactile feeling for cotton knitted fabric by laundering

Changes of tactile feeling for cotton knitted fabric by laundering

Comparative Study between the Characteristics of the Egyptian and the Sudanese Cotton Knitted Fabrics

Due to the spread of the Egyptian cotton substitutes (the Greek and the Sudanese); this study aims at evaluating the characteristics of the single jersey knitted fabrics produced from these cotton types. Moreover, to evaluate the extent of the change in these characteristics as the fabric cost decreases. Single Jersey knitted fabrics were produced with the same stitch length, but from different cotton yarns; Egyptian (Giza 86), Sudanese (Acala), and Egyptian/ Sudanese blend 50:50, and by using three levels of yarn twist factor. Several fabrics characteristics were tested such as color characteristics and color fastness to washing, perspiration, and abrasion. The moisture management properties were measured and the results showed that the Egyptian cotton fabrics exhibited a significant improvement in terms of the overall moisture management, the weight of square meter, a slight improvement in the shrinkage and some color properties. However, the results showed the insignificant effect of cotton type or yarn twist factor used on the color fastness properties.

Dyeing property of fluorescent pigment latex on cationic knitted cotton fabrics

The recognized difficulties of pigment dyeing on cotton fabric are the large particle size of the pigment and low affinity between pigment particles and cotton fabric. The dispersion stability of the pigment and binding force between pigment particles and cotton fabric are important factors. To increase the stability of pigment dispersion, fluorescent pigment latex was prepared by encapsulating poly(methyl methacrylate-co-butyl acrylate) on the surface of C.I. Solvent Yellow 43. As a reactive emulsifier, allyloxy nonyl alcohol polyoxyethylene (10) ether sulfate can copolymerize with methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate to endow the fluorescent pigment latex with negative charges. To improve the binding force between pigment particles and cotton fabric, the knitted cotton fabric was cationized. The prepared fluorescent pigment latex was further applied to dyeing of cationic fabrics by the exhaust dyeing process. Moreover, pseudo first- and second-order kinetic models were used to examine the adsorption kinetic data of fluorescent pigment latex on cationic cotton fabric. The results showed that the adsorption kinetic followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model, which indicated that the chemical sorption is a rate-limiting step, rather than mass transfer. The activation parameters were also evaluated to confirm the thermodynamic feasibility and spontaneous nature of cationic cotton dyeing with fluorescent pigment latex.

Combinative Scouring, Bleaching, and Cationization Pretreatment of Greige Knitted Cotton Fabrics for Facilely Achieving Salt-Free Reactive Dyeing.

In order to facilely achieve pretreatment and salt-free dyeing of greige knitted cotton fabrics, a combinative scouring, bleaching, and cationization pretreatment of the fabrics is designed in this study. The fabrics are first treated in a bath containing commercial scouring and bleaching agents, and then glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTA) is directly added into the bath to achieve cationization of the fabrics. Utilization of the alkaline and high-temperature conditions in scouring and bleaching process, cationization can facilely proceed in a short time. Optimal pretreatment conditions are as follows: greige knitted cotton fabrics are treated in a bath containing 4 g/L scouring agent and 6 g/L 30% hydrogen peroxide at 90 °C for 60 min, and then 30 g/L GTA and 3 g/L sodium hydroxide are added in the bath for another 15 min treatment. Fiber performances, including whiteness, water absorptivity, diffusion time, and capillary effect, are tested and evaluated. X-ray diffraction analysis, surface morphology, and thermal analysis of the pretreated cotton are also investigated and compared with that treated only with scouring and bleaching agents. Much higher dye fixation and color yield could be realized on the pretreated cotton in salt-free reactive dyeing. Colorimetric properties of the dyes are studied and good colorfastness of the dyes on the cationic fabrics are obtained. All of the above results show promising prospects of this combinative pretreatment in real application.

A comparative study of machine knitted cotton fabrics

A comparative study of three types of machine knitted cotton fabrics viz. , plain, rib and tuck was carried out in order to find out the most serviceable knit stitch. The present study moves around the raw material and knit stitches used for the knitting of the samples. All the knitted fabrics were produced by using cotton yarn. The machine parameters were also kept constant for the manufacturing of all the three types of fabrics. The experimental research design was used for conducting present investigation. The performance study of the fabric was done on the basis of physical tests related to durability, strength, maintenance, aesthetic appearance etc. The results reveal that variable (three knit stitches) had significant effect on the performance of the fabrics. It was observed from the study that plain knit stitch was the best serviceable knit stitch among the stitches.

Conductive pathway on cotton fabric created using solution with silver organometallic compound

A knitted cotton fabric is made conductive by thermal deposition of an organometallic silver compound (OSC). For the thermal process, the fabric was soaked with the OSC liquid and heated to 225 °C for 4 min. The cured state of the OSC is determined by the stabilization in the electrical resistance. The resulting silver metallization is shaped as nanoparticles and a continuous film. A typical resistance of a 10 cm × 1.5 cm metallized strip made with 1.9 ml OSC is 1.70 Ω. Various other resistance levels were achieved. A higher volume of OSC provided a lower electrical resistance for the metallized conductive path but increased its stiffness. Lower resistance was achieved by increasing the number of repeat coatings while keeping the OSC volume constant. The resistance decreased when the OSC coated fabric was elongated, an effect similar to negative piezoresistivity. A resistance of initially 0.34 Ω decreased to a minimum of 0.29 Ω at 10% elongation under repeated stretching and relaxation cycling. The metallization method reported here can be suitable for applications in the field know as technical textiles, electronic textiles (e-textiles), wearable electronics, functional garments, or smart fabrics.

The Potential of Improving Medical Textile for Cutaneous Diseases

The paper dwells on the prospect of medical textiles designed to release a drug/active principle to the dermis of patients suffering from cutaneous disease (allergic dermatitis, psoriasis, bacterial/infectious conditions and inflammatory conditions). The paper is an overview of general and experimental data from textile applications. An adequate medical textile may have a cellulosic structure, mainly knitted cotton fabric. In special cases, one may use woven fabric for multilayer drug-releasing systems. As far as controlled release systems are concerned, we carried out a critical comparison between the systems described in literature and our experimental findings as concerns cyclodextrin, hydrogel, film charged with active principles and multilayer system.

Bioscouring and bleaching of knitted cotton fabrics in one‐step process using enzymatically generated hydrogen peroxide

AbstractThis research involves the study of knitted cotton fabric bleaching using hydrogen peroxide generated enzymatically. Initially the bioscouring was performed using the enzymes cellulose (EC. 3.2.1.4), pectinase (EC. 4.2.2.2), and lipase (EC. 3.1.1.3) to remove impurities. Then bleaching was performed using hydrogen peroxide, which was enzymatically produced by glucose oxidase (EC. 1.1.3.4) during oxidation of glucose. The generation of hydrogen peroxide and bleaching were assessed using experimental designs, where it was observed that the most significant effect to generate peroxide was time and for bleaching was the concentration of hydrogen peroxide. The whiteness and hydrophilicity of the treated knitted fabric were evaluated. The whiteness index of the enzymatically bleached fabric was 52 ± 1 °Berger with good hydrophilicity, by capillarity method 5.2 cm in 10 min. The results from this work demonstrate that this process can be an alternative for the textile preparation industry. There is a large reduction in water consumption compared to the conventional process. The water consumption is four times lower than the water consumption of the conventional process.

Achieving the mercerization effect in cotton knitted fabric by high concentration NaOH in scouring and bleaching in exhaustion method

Achieving the mercerization effect in cotton knitted fabric by high concentration NaOH in scouring and bleaching in exhaustion method