Knife Blade Research Articles

The method for comparing different blade shapes of flat knives of a rotary cultivator

BACKGROUND: In the process of tillage, flat knives of rotary cultivators are to carry out the process of cutting soil and weeds with minimal energy consumption and not to become clogged with weeds, which is due to the compliance of the parameters of their blades with operating conditions. However, despite the abundance of works devoted to the study of the working process of flat knives of rotary cultivators, there is not any method of a comparative assessment of the various shapes of their blades. AIM: Development of the method for comparing different blade shapes of flat knives of rotary cultivators. METHODS: The research design included studying the following issues: clarifying the conditions for weeds to fall off the curved blade of a flat knife performing a plane-parallel movement; determining the equation of the curve of a knife blade that satisfies the condition of weeds to fall off the blade; development of methods for comparative analysis of the energy intensity of the process of cutting soil with flat knives with blades of various shapes; experimental verification of theoretical conceptions. The study objects were the processes of interaction of weeds and soil with the blades of flat knives of various shapes. The studies were conducted during 2022 and 2023. RESULTS: The condition for weeds to fall off the curved blade of a flat knife performing a plane-parallel movement has been clarified (a more informative form of notation), based on which an equation for the rational curve of the blade has been obtained. The comprehensive method has been developed for comparing different shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators, according to the criteria of compliance with the condition of weeds to fall off the blade and the energy intensity of soil cutting. Examples of the application of the method for the analysis of various shapes of blades of flat knives of rotary cultivators and the development of one of the effective shapes, as well as the results of experimental studies are given. CONCLUSION: The proposed method helps to give specific practical recommendations on the advisability of using knives of one shape or another in the operating conditions under consideration, taking into account the operating parameters of the machines, as well as to create effective combined blades.

Designing a helical knife for a shredding drum using a sweep surface

The object of this paper is a helical blade in a shredding drum from a sweep surface. Such drums are used in harvesters for crushing plant mass. If the flat blades are installed on the drum, cutting of the plant mass occurs simultaneously along the entire length of the blade. This could cause a pulsating dynamic load. If a flat knife with a straight blade is installed at an angle to the axis of the drum, then the distances from it to the points of the blade will be different, as well as the cutting conditions along the blade. The elliptical shape enables the same distance from the axis of rotation to the points of the blade, but this does not solve the problem. Many short flat knives with a straight blade can be mounted on the drum, placing them in such a way that the time between the individual knives is minimized. However, all these disadvantages can be eliminated by a helical knife with a blade in the form of a helical line. The design of a helical knife from an unfolding helicoid has been considered. In differential geometry, the bending of unfolded surfaces of zero thickness is considered. Bending of the workpiece into a finished product occurs with minimal plastic deformations, the magnitude of which depends on the thickness of the workpiece sheet. The methods of differential geometry of unfolding surfaces were applied to the analytical description of the surface of the helical knife. The parametric equations of the unfolding helicoid were derived according to the given structural parameters of the knife in space and on the plane. That has made it possible to mathematically describe the contour lines that cut the knife from the surface and on its sweep. Formulae for calculating a flat workpiece through the structural parameters of the knife have been derived. Thus, with the specified structural parameters of the knife R=0.25 m, τ=20°, φ=65°, according to the resulting formula, we find the radius of the knife blade on a flat workpiece: R0=4.8 m.

Suitability Study of Optical Coordinate Measuring Machine for Quality Assessment and Wear Phenomena Identification of Blade Edge and Surface of Planer Technical Knives.

This article discusses a comparative analysis of the wear and quality of planer knife blades used in wood planers. The novelty in this work is the use of a simple coordinate measuring machine with a vision system to assess the wear of the cutting edges of planer knives. The primary objective of the research described in this paper was to verify whether the wear of the cutting edge of planer knives can be measured quickly and accurately using an optical coordinate measuring machine with a vision system. To date, contact profilometry methods have been used for this purpose, which require a specialist apparatus and qualified measuring equipment operators and are expensive and time-consuming. The research presented in this work was conducted on twelve planer knives. The condition and wear of the working surfaces of the tested knives were assessed using an optical digital microscope. The wear of the cutting edge of the knives was measured using two methods: the contact profilometry method and an optical coordinate measuring machine equipped with a vision system. The edge profiles and their parameters obtained by the optical method were compared to the results of measurements with a stylus profilometer. Based on the research and analyses conducted, it was found that the optical method used in this research significantly shortens the time of measuring the wear of the cutting edges of planer knives. In addition, this method has a wider measurement range, and the obtained measurement results are characterized by lower measurement uncertainty.

Unusual Motor Hand Neuropathies: Causes, Diagnosis, and Evaluation of Motor Impairments.

Background Isolated hand motor nerve injuries, specifically those affecting the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve and the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve, are rarely reported in medical literature. Diagnosing and quantifying these injuries pose significant challenges due to their uncommon nature and the variety of mechanisms that can cause them. Methodology This study reviews six unusual cases of isolated damage to the recurrent motor branch of the median nerve and the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve, including cases with combined injuries. The etiologies include various traumatic and compressive mechanisms, such as a blow from the thenar to the back of a knife blade, long-distance cycling, impact from a broken shovel handle, knife injury, and damage from a screw while using a cordless screwdriver. In one case, the cause was indeterminate. Diagnostic methods involved clinical evaluation, electrophysiological testing (nerve conduction studies and electromyography), and high-resolution ultrasound imaging. A thorough medical history was also crucial in understanding the injury mechanisms. Results The cases demonstrated a range of causes for isolated hand motor nerve injuries, with both traumatic and compressive mechanisms identified. The diagnostic process highlighted the value of integrating clinical assessments, electrophysiological data, and ultrasound imaging to accurately diagnose and understand the extent and nature of the injuries. Conclusions Isolated motor nerve injuries in the hand can arise from diverse and often unexpected causes. Comprehensive clinical evaluation, supported by electrophysiological testing and ultrasound imaging, is essential for accurate diagnosis and management. A detailed medical history is invaluable in identifying the mechanism of injury, which is critical for developing an appropriate treatment plan. The study underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in diagnosing and treating these rare neuropathies.

Kurgans of Gazanbulag

This article presents the results of rescue archaeological excavations carried out in November 2015 — January 2016 (following the program of archaeological research in new building sites, within the framework of the South Caucasus Pipeline Expansion project) near the Gazanbulag River, in the Borsunli kurgan cemetery, and the samples of material culture of the ancient Azerbaijan population identified within the site. The surveyed area is located about one kilometer north from the village of Veyisli, on the right side of the highway leading to the district center — the city of Goranboy (Goranboy district, the Republic of Azerbaijan), at an altitude of 219 m.a.s.l. During the archaeological exploration work carried out in 2013, about 30 burial mounds were discovered on the territory of the Borsunlu “Camp” and near the Gazanbulag River. In 2015–2016, nine burial mounds were excavated at the “Camp” site. All these mounds had a covering consisting of medium and large stones. The space between the stone rows of mounds was filled with earth. Burial chambers were found in all of them except for kurgans 3 and 8. Despite the fact that mounds 7 and 9 had chambers and equipment, they did not contain human remains. In some mounds (Nos. 6, 7, 9) the burial chambers were located in the center of the mound covering, while in others (Nos. 1, 2, 4, and 5) on its slopes. In the burials, representative archaeological materials were revealed, which shed light on the study of religious beliefs, social status and life of ancient inhabitants of the analysed area of Azerbaijan. Samples of ceramic vessels found in the mounds are characteristic to the Khojaly-Gadabay archaeological culture in their shape and content. Apart from pottery, numerous bronze items of jewellery were found in the graves: bracelets, rings, earrings, diadems, flat buttons, headbands, beads. The discovered iron products are represented by knife blades and iron rod. It can be assumed that persons with a special high social status were interred in the Gazanbulag kurgan cemetery. Based on the type, structure, grave goods recovered, as well as the results of the radiocarbon analysis, the analysed burial mounds are mainly dated to the end of the Bronze Age and the begin-ning of the Early Iron Age, precisely to the 10th–9th c. BC.

Contribution of Computed Tomography in the Management of a Penetrating Knife Wound to the Skull: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Introduction: Cranial wounds encephalic penetrating by stab are rare and repesent 0.4% of Head trauma. They are often observed in an attempt at autolysis in mentally ill people, or in physical aggression. We report here a case of an adolescent victim of attack by the penetration of a knife into his brain. Patient and method: This is a patient aged 17 years old, with no known medical history, admitted to the Emergency Reception Department of the Gabriel TOURE University Hospital for open head trauma following a physical attack with the penetration of a knife inside his headrane. The entire blade of the weapon was lodged in his brain parenchyma. The entry point was the right parietal bone. The patient had a Glasgow score of 15/15, with good hemodynamic status. The cranial scanner encephalic which was carried out a few minutes after his admission high lighted the presence of the knife blade at the level of parietal and temporal lobe of her hemisphere right. Result: The patient was operated successfully with extraction of a knife whose blade measured 6 to 7cm. A good postoperative evolution followed. Conscious and without motor deficit, he received a follow-up CT scan on day 7. Then he was released from the hospital with out patient follow-up. Conclusion: Cranial wounds-encephalic by penetration of a bladed weapon are very rare. The CT scan in emergency is the key examination to clarify the location, the number of foreign bodies, as well as brain lesions. They require rapid surgical treatment after CT evaluation. Their prognosis remains reserved regarding the severity of the head trauma, endocranial vascular lesions and infections.

Management of a retained knife blade after abdominal stab injury: a case study

Management of a retained knife blade after abdominal stab injury: a case study

Spatial and spectral beam characteristics in a terahertz broadband sub-wavelength imaging system using a solid immersion lens

This study focuses on the spatial and spectral beam characteristics in a terahertz (THz) broadband sub-wavelength imaging system using a solid immersion lens (SIL). Previously, we demonstrated a broadband sub-wavelength THz imaging system by integrating a SIL with a THz time-domain spectrometer (TDS). Key parameters that influence beam characteristics and, consequently, imaging performance, such as SIL misalignment tolerances and beam propagation from the SIL, constitute the primary focus of this investigation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the system can tolerate millimeter-level transverse and longitudinal SIL position displacements, underscoring its robustness for sub-wavelength imaging in a wide frequency range. Additionally, numerical simulations of beam propagation characteristics reveal that the system achieves sub-wavelength imaging resolution up to 1 mm from the SIL at 0.5 THz, highlighting its potential for non-destructive testing of subsurface structures. These findings gain experimental validation through imaging stacked utility knife blades with sub-wavelength structures ranging from 0.2 to 2 THz.

Preservation of neurologic function in the setting of penetrating-knife spinal cord injury with dural involvement and concurrent lung injury

Introduction Penetrating spinal cord injuries present unique clinical scenarios with high variability in presentation and management. These injuries are rare, accounting for 0.8% of annual penetrating spine injuries in the United States, with knives being the most common penetrating object. Retention of the knife blade further complicates management, with greater risk of infection and progressive neurologic injury. Given the rarity and variability of such injuries, preferred management for penetrating-knife spinal cord injuries (PKSCI), especially those with retained knife blades, remains contested. Furthermore, the management of PKSCI with concurrent lung injury is poorly described within the literature. Case Report Here we discuss a unique case of a neurologically intact adult male who suffered a large lower thoracic PKSCI with complete dural transection and lung involvement. The patient arrived with the blade in situ while maintaining full neurologic function. Emergent imaging revealed the blade trajectory passing through the T8 lamina exiting the spinal canal at the costovertebral junction with involvement of the lung parenchyma and associated pneumorrhachis and pneumothorax. The patient was brought to the operating room where the blade was removed under direct visualization, the dura was repaired, and pneumothorax was stabilized. Conclusion We describe in this case the choice of imaging, method of blade removal, cerebrospinal fluid leak management, dural repair, and concurrent lung injury management that afforded a favorable, ASIA class E outcome with complete preservation of neurologic function.

Impacts of working bone and antler on a bronze knife: Experimental and use-wear studies

To answer the question if metal knives found in late Bronze Age deposits in Karmin in W Poland (ca. 900–800 BCE) could have been used as multi-tools in processing hard materials like red deer antler and animal bone, we applied an experimental method followed by the use-wear analysis of a replica of late Bronze Age bronze knife. This is the first experiment that focuses on the tool instead of the processed material. It included five movements engaging various sections of a knife blade and tip and producing diversified traces depending on the type of technique and raw material worked. We showed that an adequately cast knife, hardened then by cold working, could have been applied in all stages of manufacturing antler and bone objects, from initial material division (cross-cutting) over shaping (surface cutting, whittling) to finishing (scraping, drilling). Although the tool required frequent resharpening, it efficiently performed various movements. The traces on the replica, such as U-shaped notches, chips, blunting, bows, scratches, and serrated and wavy edges, correspond well with those observed on the knives from Karmin.

Does the composition of meteoritic metal change with forging? An experimental study

AbstractThe use of meteoritic iron in the manufacture of human artifacts since the Bronze Age has been well documented, including the iron blade of Tutankhamun's dagger. Whereas the preservation of textures and mineral inclusions suggest relatively low temperature (<950°C) working of meteoritic metal used in artifacts, higher temperature working—that is, forging—could have occurred, based on studies of Bronze Age slag. The extent to which the forging of meteoritic iron might change the bulk composition, especially the trace elements used for classification of iron meteorites, is largely unknown. Using electron microbeam methods (SEM and EPMA), and trace element analysis (ICP‐MS), we analyze metal obtained at different stages during the modern forging of a set of knife blades from fragments of the Gebel Kamil meteorite, and assess the degree to which bulk element composition, mineral inclusions, and textures are modified. We find that while forging does destroy the original texture and removes mineral inclusions, it does not significantly modify the trace elements typically used in iron meteorite classification, at least for the relatively Ni‐rich composition represented by Gebel Kamil. While we acknowledge that the modern method by which the knife blades were forged from Gebel Kamil would not have occurred in the Bronze Age, our results represent an upper temperature limit relative to the inferred conditions used in ancient forging. The identification of the meteorite (if still in existence) that was used for artifacts is feasible, based on our results and current literature on ancient meteoritic artifacts.

Anesthesia Management of a Patient with Penetrating Brain Injury with a Knife into the Occipital Region

AbstractPenetrating brain injuries are rare events in modern times. In this article we present the case of an adolescent with a knife, lodged in the occipital region needing surgical care. The patient was conscious, cooperative, and vitally stable with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of 15/15 with no lateralizing signs. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the brain demonstrated the knife blade in the suboccipital bone with suspicious injury to the right transverse sinus. General anesthesia was provided and airway secured in a lateral position using a video laryngoscope. Surgery was performed in the prone position using the Mayfield head holder. All measures to prevent secondary brain injury were taken. The patient remained vitally stable during surgery and could be extubated after surgery. Planning and preparation are vital for the smooth conduct of the case.

Establishment of the morphological features of stab injuries to the ribs caused by a knife with a blade spine thickness of 0.1 cm

BACKGROUND: The identification of all possible parameters and features of the tool that caused the injuries is of high significance for resolving specific forensic questions in the study of stab injuries to the ribs. However, data on the influence of blade spine thickness on the morphological features of stab injuries to the ribs are lacking.
 AIM: To determine the morphological features of stab injuries caused by a knife with a blade spine thickness of 0.1 cm at various angles of impact relative to the lamellar structure of the rib.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Experimental works were performed. Injuries were inflicted perpendicularly to the plane of the rib, to a depth of 5.4 cm, with a knife having a blade spine thickness at the penetration level of 0.1 cm. The study analyzed the anterior sections of ribs IV–VI of individuals of both sexes, predominantly male, aged 18–59 years, which is based on an experimental literature review of cutting and stubbing injuries. In total, 60 experiments were conducted, with 20 injuries each inflicted longitudinally, obliquely, and transversely on the rib lamellar structure. The results of the macroscopic observations were recorded and considered for subsequent interpretation.
 RESULTS: In the macroscopic examination of injuries inflicted at various angles to the lines of the compact layer’s lamellar structure, linear-slit-shaped injuries were registered on the external compact plate. When oriented longitudinally in relation to the long axis of the bone, arcuate slit-shaped injuries were also observed. When a split crack was formed in the blade spine zone, a crack formed from one of the corners of the blunt end of the injury, extending longitudinally and obliquely along the bone’s lamellar structure, with some deviations toward the edge of the bone nearest to the injury. In transverse alignment of the injury to the long axis of the bone, the split crack morphologically corresponded to a fracture in bending deformation, gravitating toward the rib edge. The area influenced by the blade spine showed no macroscopic signs of abrasion of the compact or spongy bone. The blunt end of the injury had a round shape. On the internal compact plate, the shape of the injuries more frequently appeared slit-like, and in some cases serrated, due to the bulging of compact bone areas.
 CONCLUSION: The study identified significant specific morphological features of stab injuries to the ribs caused by a knife with a blade spine thickness of 0.1 cm, taking into account the lamellar structure of the bone tissue, which allows us to draw conclusions about the knife blade spine thickness.

Kinematic analysis of the movement of the active knife cutter of chicory roots

Chicory roots are a valuable technical and strategically important crop for the leading sectors of the Ukrainian economy. The processing of raw materials from chicory roots allows to obtain energy (biofuel), food (coffee) and pharmaceutical (inulin) products. The low level of mechanization of harvesting root crops and, especially, harvesting both chicory and chicory root crops (significant losses, damage) does not allow to provide the needs of raw materials for its processing, or the necessary provision of the food industry of the Ukrainian economy and the fodder base of animal husbandry due to an increase in the amount of use root crops of chicory. One of the reserves for improving the performance of machines for harvesting chicory root crops is the improvement of the technological process of harvesting ginseng through the use of improved main working organs – a rotary ginseng cutter and a cutter of ginseng residues from the heads of root crops. The purpose of the work is to increase the indicators of the technological process of harvesting chicory root crops by developing and substantiating the parameters of the cutter's working organs. On the basis of the conducted theoretical analysis of the process of movement of the active cutter knife along the head of the root crop, analytical dependencies were developed that functionally describe the process of movement of the active cutter knife along the root crop head, which made it possible to substantiate the main structural and kinematic parameters of the active cutter knife. It has been established that the working length of the active knife of the cutter of the remains of burdock from the heads of root crops is in the range from 0.25 to 0.3 m, provided that the maximum permissible deviation of the vertical axis of the root crop from the axis of the row at the speed of movement of the burdock harvesting module is from 1.6 to 2.2 m /s and the speed of movement of the cutting edge of the blade of the active knife in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 m/s.

Impact of microgeometric parameters on the sliding cutting behavior of macaroni products

The primary objectives of the food industry sectors in the Republic of Uzbekistan are to intensify and optimize technological processes, adopt new progressive equipment for efficient processing modes, reduce energy costs and raw material losses, and improve product quality. Accordingly, this article presents a solution to one of the problems and provides an analysis of the cutting ability of the tool based on the investigated set of blade microgeometry parameters. The research aims to determine the numerical values of the microgeometry parameters for lamellar knife blades, obtained through various formation methods, and to identify the nature of their changes during operation. Additionally, the study explores the possibility of achieving such blade microgeometry parameters during sharpening, which were obtained through the optimization of the cutting ability objective function. The system described in the article has been implemented using the method of microscopic examination of lamellar knives, which allows for the photography of the blade surface and facets, contributing to the visual control of the cutting-edge condition immediately after its formation and during operation.

Stab injury to the spine with retained knife blade and aortic injury: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract Nonmissile penetrating spine injuries are relatively common in developing countries. Associated injuries are most commonly pneumothoraxes or bowel injuries and rarely vascular injuries. Penetrating aortic injuries are life-threatening and require prompt workup and management. A 51-year-old male patient presented after being stabbed in the back with a blade lodged at vertebral body T10/T1l. The blade tip was in the lumen of the descending thoracic aorta. This patient was successfully managed with thoracotomy and aortic repair, followed by the removal of the blade via an open laminectomy. The patient remained neurologically intact with no complicating features. Patients with penetrating spine injuries and retained blades need adequate workup to exclude other injuries prior to the removal of the blade. A multidisciplinary approach is important in the management of these patients to prevent devastating outcomes.

Pengaruh Variasi Holding Time Pada Proses Heat Treatment (Hardening) Untuk Baja S50c Sebagai Pisau Mesin Pencacah Kayu

S50C Alloy Steel is a widely produced and used medium carbon alloy steel, which serves as a raw material for manufacturing machine components, building structures, tools, and one of them being knife blades for wood chippers. The aim of this research is to determine the hardness value and microstructural changes in S50C steel after the heat treatment of hardening and holding time. The method used in this study is an experimental method, where S50C steel is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature of 850°C, followed by different holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes, and then cooled using oil. The research results show that the highest hardness value in S50C steel, treated with rapid cooling using oil, has an average hardness value of 589.29 HV after a 90-minute holding time, compared to the raw material's hardness of 262.67 HV. Microstructural testing reveals that the microstructure of the raw material consists of ferrite and pearlite with balanced crystal shape and size, in accordance with a carbon content of 0.50%. In the group of specimens undergoing rapid cooling with oil in the hardening process, a new microstructure called martensite is obtained, which is the main structure responsible for the increased hardness of the steel.

Application of Cassava Slicing Machine Technology in Production Cassava Chips in Sari Rejo Medan

The process of making cassava chips carried out by partner was still simple because the process of slicing cassava which was done manually with tool made of wood and knife blade. Workers need a lot of energy, time, and concentration in order to produce uniform cassava slices and were sometimes hit by the knife of the equipment. In addition, the process of slicing cassava taked a long time so that partner was inhibited to increase the amount of production. The solutions that would be offered by the service team were the existence of science and technology which was provided in the form of (1) provision of a cassava slicing machine according to partner needs, (2) training on using a cassava slicing machine to partner, (3) training on adding seasoning variants to cassava chips, packaging, and labeling. The results obtained were partners become skilled at using a cassava slicing machine, the cassava slicing time with a machine was faster, namely 41.98 grams/second, and cassava chips were produced with flavor variants so that partner was expected to be assisted in the process of cassava chips production and partner businesses can develop.

Use of different imaging techniques in stab wound analysis

Stab wound analysis is a relatively new field of study in forensic science, and there is currently much debate regarding the effectiveness of the analysis due to a lack of validation studies. Furthermore, the underlying viewpoints on the success of stab wound analysis vary. Examination of cut marks, for example, can reveal a variety of characteristics which can be used to determine the type of weapon that was used to inflict them. However, published studies are not consistent when identifying knife blade characteristics, instead considering a wide variety of morphological aspects and their potential value in forensic scenarios. The existing research methodology is therefore inadequate to reliably inform in such contexts, and future experimental design should be influenced by the conditional variance in stabbings in order to provide reliable findings.The research presented here takes a systematic approach to the problem, compiling the published literature (up to September 2023) on the use of different imaging methods applied to stab wound examination to create a taxonomy to examine trends in methodological approaches in both research and investigative settings. This approach identified that published studies could be classified as either morphological or morphometrical, and further sub-classified based on their degree of success and the findings reached. This emphasises the importance of prioritising research into mark data, and the need for a multi-technique, multi-disciplinary approach. A decision tree was created to illustrate which mark attributes should be studied for which purpose, and using which imaging method(s). Furthermore, the research presented identifies two key areas in stab wound research which should be the focus of standardisation efforts, namely methodological procedures and mark characteristic collection. Knife markings are difficult to interpret, but further research and standardisation of kerf mark analysis, as highlighted here, will improve the efficiency and reliability of both forensic investigations and future experimental studies.

Material Research for the Production of Outdoor and Kitchen Knife Blades at Low Costs

Material Research for the Production of Outdoor and Kitchen Knife Blades at Low Costs