Abstract This paper uses a psychodynamic object relations model to analyse an unsuccessful attempt at therapy with a very damaged individual who became more and more hostile and challenging as the work progressed. The case example serves as a basis for exploring the interpersonal dynamics of working with those clients who arouse particularly uncomfortable or disturbing feelings in the practitioner. This phenomenon is discussed in terms of the Kleinian concept of projective identification, which is examined in some detail. It is argued that social workers cannot work effectively indeed, may not even survive professionally unless they can understand and make creative use of their own personal responses to the work. To this end, regular and skilled supervision, which can explore and utilize this vital area of the worker's countertransference, is a fundamental requirement for the training and professional development of social work practitioners
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