Kitchen Stove Research Articles

Smart LPG Regulator

The Smart LPG Regulator is designed to oversee the regulation of pressurized steel gas cylinders in residential households. The primary goal of this project is to prevent the potential risks associated with LPG gas leaks, including the loss of life, injuries, and health concerns. The system is equipped to identify gas leaks and issue auditory and visual alerts through a buzzer, a display, and a servo motor, which promptly closes the gas cylinder regulator to terminate the gas supply. The LPG Gas Detector (MQ6) is a suitable sensor with high sensitivity to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), including propane, proficient, isobutene, and natural gas. It is also capable of detecting easily flammable gases, mainly methane. Data collected by the MQ6 sensor is processed by the Atmega 328P microcontroller and presented through the output components. The LCD screen will display 'GAS LEAK,' the buzzer will sound an alarm, and the servo motor will continue to close the regulator valve on the gas cylinder. The MQ6 sensor can identify gas leaks from the gas cylinder, gas pipes, or kitchen stove burners. One significant advantage of this system is its ability to shut off the gas cylinder supply, indirectly preventing accidents and injuries. The system's design is tailored to accommodate the standard size of gas cylinders used in residential homes, with domestic consumers as the target user group.

The Implementation Of Eating at Traditional Events Bakaua In Order To Preserve The Regional Culture Of Sijunjung District

The purpose of this study is to find out about the series of events, the execution of the meal, the equipment used for serving and processing as well as the symbolic and philosophical meaning of the dishes at the Bakaua Adat event. The type of research used was qualitative research. The research informants were Bundo Kanduang, Niniak Mamak, and the people in Nagari Koto Padang Ranah or Sijunjung Traditional Village who knew about Bakaua Adat events. The results of this study describe: 1) The series of Bakaua Adat Nagari Koto Padang Ranah or Sijunjung Traditional Villages of Sijunjung Regency such as: Niniak Mamak Meetings, Organizing traditional game competitions, Organizing alek nagari, Bajago-jago nights, and carrying out Bakaua Adat ceremonies (Praying and eating together or bajamba). 2) Types of food served, namely: Buffalo meat curry, lamang, white rice, godok bananas, crackers, bananas and kalio potatoes. 3) The equipment used consists of cooking and processing tools. Processing tools such as kitchen knives, millstones, stoves, frying pans, stale spoons and tablespoons. The serving utensils consist of: Dulang, serving lid, cloth, plastic and banana leaves. 4) The symbolic and philosophical meanings of the food served at the Bakaua Adat event are as follows: Buffalo meat curry (asking for rain), lamang (suluh nagari and kinship), rice (please help), crackers (complementary), kalio potato (complement each other), bananas (apology), boiled bananas (unanimous decision), water (tranquility). While the meaning of eating at the ceremony is to increase a sense of togetherness, hospitality, help and teach manners and norms in social life.

Harvest

Harvest Kieron Walquist (bio) [ See PDF for formatting of the poem. ] I. Chanterelle You cut the mushroom head + leave it overnight face down then a chanterelle spore print on tinfoil— a soft firework a white fern— you show me how to scrape the murmur with a pocketknife to score the little life into a mason jar inoculated ryegrass you can be patient easy with me II. Oyster It shone florescentin the bathroom along the carpet + bathtub border— we washed the outside off only for the mushroom to jungle in when you yanked the inch-high stem as if it were a teenager's boombox cord I unzipped part of me thanked you your willingness [End Page 45] + the other part had lost a comfort— to imagine the oyster an umbrella keeping an unseeable being dry after my shower III. Trumpet Once after sex we laughed about being fruiting bodiesyour breath a warm whistle across the bottle-mouth of my collarbone you said we should flush throughout this season before we were found + picked clean but that night we were boundless you were my comb tooth + I was your trumpet IV. Honey Fungus Their mycelium reaches for milessleeps across state lines you tell me while we hunt in early Junefor coral that if I'm lost among the trees don't look for the sun but the fungi Press your ear to the ground Listen for its pulse Let the orchard orient you I ask [End Page 46] if I were lost where would you be V. Golden Teacher A generous pinch of psilocybin brought me to worship I was a dancer in wool socks the world met me in that melting the bite + beauty of a tongue kiss to a battery something like that how I adored every layer of clothing you took off of me until I realized your hands were my hands slowly defeathering myself VI. Shiitake From an oak older than I'll ever be to the kitchen stove stir-fry shiitakes take on taste you tell me a shadow of other ingredients but it's only texture tough works the jaw like jerky smells of a sore one looks at after ripping [End Page 47] off a band-aid when you turn away I spit VII. Poison Cups A bouquet of night tossed down the log no longer a dead elm but a flute again + again I asked you why were they poisonous no reason you said some are just born bad VIII. Morels In an issue of Missouri Conservationist a nine or ten-year-old me is posing shirtless a dried-apricot-complexion my nipples two dirty pennies I'm wearing morels as fingernails my mouth giving its best grrrthere I'm severe or sassy or stoked or scared I can't tell anymore the title reads Monster Morels the title reads Monster it's your favorite picture [End Page 48] Kieron Walquist Kieron Walquist is a queer, neurodivergent writer and MFA candidate at Washington University in St. Louis. His work appears, or is forthcoming, in Bennington Review, GASHER, Gulf Coast, The Missouri Review, Puerto del Sol, Small Orange, and elsewhere. He lives in Missouri. Copyright © 2022-2023 Pleiades and Pleiades Press

Deep reinforcement learning-based joint load scheduling for household multi-energy system

Under the background of the popularization of renewable energy sources and gas-fired domestic devices in households, this paper proposes a joint load scheduling strategy for household multi-energy system (HMES) aiming at minimizing residents’ energy cost while maintaining the thermal comfort. Specifically, the studied HMES contains photovoltaic, gas-electric hybrid heating system, gas-electric kitchen stove and various types of conventional loads. Yet, it is challenging to develop an efficient energy scheduling strategy due to the uncertainties in energy price, photovoltaic generation, outdoor temperature, and residents’ hot water demand. To tackle this problem, we formulate the HMES scheduling problem as a Markov decision process with both continuous and discrete actions and propose a deep reinforcement learning-based HMES scheduling approach. A mixed distribution is used to approximate the scheduling strategies of different types of household devices, and proximal policy optimization is used to optimize the scheduling strategies without requiring any prediction information or distribution knowledge of system uncertainties. The proposed approach can handle continuous actions of power-shiftable devices and discrete actions of time-shiftable devices simultaneously, as well as the optimal management of electrical devices and gas-fired devices, so as to jointly optimize the operation of all household loads. The proposed approach is compared with a deep Q network (DQN)-based approach and a model predictive control (MPC)-based approach. Comparison results show that the average energy cost of the proposed approach is reduced by 12.17% compared to the DQN-based approach and 4.59% compared to the MPC-based approach.

Analyze mathematical model for optimization of anaerobic digestion for treatment of waste water

Waste management is a critical open issue in today's era of large-scale urbanization. Waste management Technologies such as aerobic and anaerobic digestion, not only does it aid in garbage recycling, but it also contributes to the production of green energy in the form of biogas. Anaerobic digestion produces methane, which can be used in a variety of applications including the natural gas grid, boilers, vehicle fuel, kitchen stoves and combined heat and Power Systems. Different specifications or characteristics of biogas are required in these applications. Extensive literature is available regarding correlation of substrate and the characteristics of biogas produced. Control systems for anaerobic digestion have not received an equal research attention. Anaerobic digestion is a highly sensitive process and depends upon several environment and operational factors. However, an aerobic digestion plants are designed on the basis of static or fixed operating conditions. This approach is not practical as the output of an aerobic digestion changes with change in in both flow and load. The lack of Optimization strategies results in decline of performance. The aim of this research work is to present state of art of an aerobic digestion Modelling, optimization and control strategies. The papers summarize mathematical techniques for modeling an aerobic digestion. Different optimization strategies are also discussed. Finally use of machine learning and soft computing techniques control of aerobic digestion plant is discussed and recommendations for future research work are enlisted.

The effect of bulbs size and induction techniques of tuberose (Polianthes tuberose L.) on its sprouting rate, simultaneity, and bulbs number

Increasing flower production of Polianthes is hindered by limited supply of bulb. After ripening, a newly harvested bulb exhibits a phenomenon in which new bulbs do not readily sprout. Farmers usually air or sun-dry the bulbs before curing them for 1-3 months above the kitchen stove to induce sprouting. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate sprouting. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of bulb size and induction techniques on the sprouting rate, sprouting simultaneity, and buds number of Tuberose bulbs. The research was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University. A completely randomized design with two factors was used, namely, bulbs size and induction techniques. The bulbs were grouped into three sizes; small (0.5 < Ø < 1.5 cm), medium (1.5 < Ø < 2.5 cm) and large (Ø > 2.5 cm) sizes and subjected to air-dry and fumigation for six days. Each treatment was replicated four times with 20 bulbs for each experimental unit. The result showed that larger bulb produced higher number of side-bud, so did fumigation as opposed air-drying. The large bulb produced higher percentage of sprouting bulb than medium and small bulb The larger the bulb, the earlier they sprout.

A Jungian Analysis of the Chinese Kitchen God Image

This article studies the impact of Kitchen God beliefs and worship on Chinese mentality and behavior, both consciously and unconsciously. At the conscious level, the evolution of the Kitchen God beliefs has gone through four stages; Nature God, Animal God, Half-animal/Half human God, and finally Human God. The evolution of the Kitchen God in China displays the features of a couple, aging and secularization. The experience of “returning to the sacred origin” can be obtained through Kitchen God worship by burning an old paper image of the Kitchen God and pasting of a new one of him beside the kitchen stove year after year during the Kitchen God festival. The secret to continuity of life lies in repetition. The image of the Kitchen God as an important graphic symbol is formed by a constellation of images; good pot and evil pot, two dragons playing with a bead, rooster and dog, the psychological archetypes as yin and yang, unity of opposites, transformation and integration. This ritual serves as a bridge between Chinese people and their “ancestors,” “the other realm” (nirvana), and “the Self.” On an unconscious level, the psychological significance of Kitchen God beliefs is analyzed through “the family hexagram.” The collective unconscious for the Chinese can be revealed by a continuous pattern of concentric circles structure, that is, “heaven and earth—the Kitchen God—ancestors—parents—offspring.” Through a clinical case using Sandplay Therapy, this article will show that Kitchen God imagery unconsciously shows the constellation of “family.” Family is the place of belonging and home for Chinese people, helping the client return to his inner source and gain strength through acceptance and transformation. The implication of Kitchen God beliefs for today’s Chinese society is to return to the most primitive “Tao,” which presents a possible cure for many kinds of psychological problems we are facing. It suggests that researchers pay attention to the psychological phenomenon of clients’ using the Kitchen God image to express their cultural feelings toward family in psychological practice.

Synthesis, characterization and further analysis on infrared rays system and principles

The aim of this study is to figure out advantages and applications of infrared rays system in hospitals, at home and in industry. Methodology that authors use is empirical research and practices and experiences in infrared rays system applications in emerging markets such as Vietnam. Research Results find out that danger for infrared products users as it goes with high temperature, however there are many advantages such as kitchen stoves, temperature guns. Last but not least, infrared rays products has other applications in hospitals. Finally, we suggest there are more further researches on applications of infrared rays products in future. Risk management also need for infrared rays products applications.

Randomly captured thermal imaging pictures in a routine life

Objective of this paper is to have a repository of thermal images for a randomly captured thermal imaging pictures. Camera used in this study is Fluke Ti32 High definition Hand held thermal imager. Images are classified into the following categories of automobile, Air Conditioners, machining process, workshop and parking shed, 3D printer, kitchen stoves, animals, lighting and fans. In the automobile car tyres and engine images were taken, in the air conditioner condenser, evaporator and compressor were taken, in the machining process a drilling, milling, grinding and welding process were taken, in animal’s category a dog, cow and horse images were taken, in the kitchen category stoves of dosa and tandoori were taken, also a regular tube light, LED light and fan images were taken.

Results of Hygiene Education of Kitchen Stove Knob and Water Faucet by using ATP Inspection

In Japan, many food poisoning cases occur every year form the rainy season to summer. After all, restaurants account for about 50% of all food poisoning cases. Still they also occur at school meals (6.4%) and hospitals (0.6%), where hygiene management should strictly controlled in the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare announced (2019). Therefore, from the viewpoint of food poisoning prevention, this study focused on the stove knob and water faucet, which are often touched by the cook’s fingers in the kitchen and may cause secondary contamination. The effect of hygiene education investigated by measuring invisible microbial load as visible ATP value using ATP wiping test. The 12 stove knob and 11 water faucet inspected before and after hygiene education by using the ATP wiping test. Before hygiene education, the average value of the ATP values measured after washing before and after washing. To the surprise, after washing, the ATP value did not drop below 1000 for Stove knob and Water faucet. Almost the same ATP value as before cleaning.

An interval optimization strategy of household multi-energy system considering tolerance degree and integrated demand response

Under the background of the popularity of household gas-electric equipment, an interval optimization method considering the Integrated Demand Response (IDR) and tolerance degree is proposed to deal with the household load scheduling. The proposed method mainly tackles the dynamic switching of energy forms (natural gas and electricity) and uncertain variables in the system caused by household load and photovoltaic (PV). The thermostatically controllable loads contain gas-electric heater and air conditioning, and the interruptible loads contain gas-electric kitchen stove and clothes washer. An interval optimization model is formulated to optimize the operation cost and emissions of a household multi-energy system. The uncertain parameters are modeled as interval numbers, and the constraints are relaxed by tolerance degree. To solve the equation, the interval optimization model is transformed into a deterministic optimization model based on the interval order relation and interval possibility degree. Then, Genetic Algorithm is applied to solve the deterministic optimization model. Simulation results indicate that interval optimization is robust to the uncertainties and flexible to meet users’ demands. Both IDR and tolerance degree are able to optimize users’ energy cost, and the optimization results are accumulative. For a gas-electric equipment installed home, the proposed method can reduce expenditures by up to 23.4% compared with traditional method that do not consider IDR, tolerance degree and interval optimization.

Effect of load on the performance of a family scale biogas-fuelled electricity generator

Biogas is a renewable fuel that can be used for many applications, such as fuel for kitchen stove, heating and drying system, electricity generation engine, and fuel to run farm tractor. The biogas used in this research was produced from tapioca wastewater treatment equipped with covered lagoon digester. Gasoline generator set having rated capacity 2500-W was modified in such a way that is able to run with 100% biogas. The experiment was performed by running generator set at different loads with incremental of 100-W. Three replications were conducted to get the average values. Performance parameters to be evaluated include biogas consumption, speed of engine (RPM), output power, and thermal efficiency. Results showed that generator set is able to work with raw biogas with methane content of 53%. The generator set reached a maximum load of 1300 W (52% of rated capacity). Biogas consumption increased with load from 1.40 kg·h−1 (no load) to 2.56 kg·h−1 at a load of 1300-W. Biogas specific consumption decreased with load from 16.4 g·W−1·h−1 at load 100 W to 2.2 g·W−1·h−1 at load 1300 W. Output power also increased with load from 0.04 to 0.49 ampere, respectively at a load od 100-W and 1300-W. Engine speed, on the other hand, decreased with load from 3686 RPM (no load) to 2413 RPM (load 1300-W). With biogas methane content of 53%, the maximum thermal efficiency of the generator set was calculated to be 11%.

FMT

Older adults sometimes forget about whether or not they have completed routine actions and the states of objects that they have interacted with (e.g., the kitchen stove is on or off). In this work, we explore whether video clips captured from a body-worn camera every time objects of interest are found within its field of view can help older adults determine if they have completed certain actions with these objects and what their states are. We designed FMT ("Fiducial Marker Tracker")---a real-time capture and access application that opportunistically captures video clips of objects the user interacts with. To do this, the user places fiducial markers close to objects which would be captured when the marker enters the user's body-worn camera's field of view. We examine and discuss what objects this system would be best suited to track, and the usefulness and usability of this approach. FMT successfully captured direct interactions with an object at an average rate of 75.6% across all participants (SD = 9.9%). Our results also reveal how, what, and why users would use such a system for help.

Piece Problems: Component Valuation in Marketing and in Patent and Tort Law

The problems referred to in the title of this chapter concern evaluating a given variable when it is one of several that have combined to bring about a result. In some cases, there is an easy market solution. Imagine that you contract to buy a house and then the beautiful kitchen stove, one of many things that attracted you to the property, is destroyed before you close the transaction or occupy the property. How much should the price now be reduced? Here there is an upper limit based on the cost of a comparable replacement appliance. A more precise valuation would also be easy if identical houses, lacking this one feature, had recently been sold. The stove is just a piece of the larger transaction, and with these convenient facts, there is not much of a “component valuation problem.” Additionally, the stove is unlikely to have been of greater value because of its interaction with other items in the house; colors and sizes are fairly standardized. “Conjoint analysis” – a term that usually refers to survey evidence that tries to elicit the value of a component – is therefore unnecessary, or at least uncomplicated, because value does not depend on an interaction among variables in a way that is not directly observed. It is also interesting because it does not present a difficult Game Theory problem, or result that might be described in common parlance as something that depends on the relative bargaining skill of the parties.

Keeping it Clean: Cleaning the Kitchen Stove, Range Top, and Oven

A clean kitchen is a “must.” It is very important to the health of your family. This document is FCS5232-05, one of a series of the Family Youth and Community Sciences Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date June 2002. Revised December 2005.

Greenhouse gas emission of household plastic biogas digester using life cycle assessment approach

Biogas is one of renewable energy sources capable to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Plastic biogas digester is a popular type adopted by people due to its low cost and simplicity. The utilization of materials for digester fabrication, however, positively contributes to GHG emission. The purpose of this research is to evaluate GHG emission of household scale plastic biogas digester by using life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. The boundary system consists of fabrication of the digester, operation and maintenance, and utilization of the biogas. The research is conducted by making an inventory to collect related information on the quantity of materials utilized to construct a household size plastic biogas digester along with emission factor of each material. Other important parameters include biogas yield and its methane content. Emission reduction is calculated from LPG saving due biogas utilization to fuel kitchen stove. Result showed that a household size plastic tube biogas digester system potentially reduced GHG emission by 1400.78 kg CO2eq/year for a five years of service life time. The GHG emission (in kg CO2eq/year) is comprised of 59.11 for digester construction, 7.83 for biogas production, (-456.14 for biogas utilization, and -1011.58 for slurry digestate utilization.

Efficacy of Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Exposure Response Prevention for Obsessive Compulsive Disorders

This article includes case study in an attempt to provide therapeutic intervention to woman brought to Government Hospital with presenting complaints of excessive hand washing, bathing, checking kitchen stove, cup boards and locks and anxiety. Informal and formal assessment was carried out which included Clinical Interview, Mental Status Examination, DSM-V checklist and Dysfunctional Thought Record and standardized tool (Y-BOCS), after which client was diagnosed with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder With fair Insight. The associate psychologist devised management plan which included Cognitive and Behavior Therapy (CBT) and Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), it was completed in total 15 sessions. Patient was assessed again at post treatment level where she showed 80 % improvement as revealed by marked decrease in intensity of her symptoms. This study implies the efficacy of ERP and CBT for Management of OCD patients.

Pasteurization of Milk through Direct Heating up to 75°C over Kitchen Stove at Home

Pasteurization of Milk through Direct Heating up to 75°C over Kitchen Stove at Home

Intimate Partner Violence and Its Under-Reporting in Pakistan

Intimate Partner violence is not a culturally limited practice, but prevails in every country, irrespective of culture, class, and ethnicity. Violence is one of the mechanisms used by men to control and subjugate women; and is a manifestation of unequal power relationship sustained by patriarchy. Patriarchy makes violence necessary for the sake of its existence. Intimate partner violence, the most common forms of gender-based violence entails the exertion of power over a partner in an intimate relationship through a behavior that is intimidating, threatening, harassing or harmful. The spouse can be harmed physically, as well sexually, emotionally, and psychologically, the violence can occur multiple times. Intimate partner violence in Pakistan persists almost in every family because women have subjugated and vulnerable status and are generally treated as second class citizens. Generally, the occurrence of violence at home is effectively condoned and regarded it as ‘private matter’ which does not require any intervention. it is seldom recognized as a crime socially unless it takes an extreme form of murder or attempted murder which could range from driving a woman to suicide or engineering an accident (frequently the bursting of a kitchen stove). This study aims to find out the factors which precipitate Intimate partner violence in Pakistan and what are the factors which preclude the reporting of Intimate partner violence and seeking legal redress. This study has found that strict cultural and patriarchal system and values precipitate intimate partner violence and also preclude victims to report the incidences by not giving them appropriate moral, cultural and legal support.

Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from cooking and their speciation: A case study for Shanghai with implications for China

Cooking emission is one of sources for ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which is deleterious to air quality, climate and human health. These emissions are especially of great interest in large cities of East and Southeast Asia. We conducted a case study in which VOC emissions from kitchen extraction stacks have been sampled in total 57 times in the Megacity Shanghai. To obtain representative data, we sampled VOC emissions from kitchens, including restaurants of seven common cuisine types, canteens, and family kitchens. VOC species profiles and their chemical reactivities have been determined. The results showed that 51.26%±23.87% of alkane and 24.33±11.69% of oxygenated VOCs (O-VOCs) dominate the VOC cooking emissions. Yet, the VOCs with the largest ozone formation potential (OFP) and secondary organic aerosol potential (SOAP) were from the alkene and aromatic categories, accounting for 6.8–97.0% and 73.8–98.0%, respectively. Barbequing has the most potential of harming people's heath due to its significant higher emissions of acetaldehyde, hexanal, and acrolein. Methodologies for calculating VOC emission factors (EF) for restaurants that take into account VOCs emitted per person (EFperson), per kitchen stove (EFkitchen stove) and per hour (EFhour) are developed and discussed. Methodologies for deriving VOC emission inventories (S) from restaurants are further defined and discussed based on two categories: cuisine types (Stype) and restaurant scales (Sscale). The range of Stype and Sscale are 4124.33–7818.04t/year and 1355.11–2402.21t/year, respectively. We also found that Stype and Sscale for 100,000 people are 17.07–32.36t/year and 5.61–9.95t/year, respectively. Based on Environmental Kuznets Curve, the annual total amount of VOCs emissions from catering industry in different provinces in China was estimated, which was 5680.53t/year, 6122.43t/year, and 66,244.59t/year for Shangdong and Guangdong provinces and whole China, respectively. Large and medium-scaled restaurants should be paid more attention with respect to regulation of VOCs.