Kinship Research Articles

Ectopic thyroid tissue in adrenal gland – A case report and review of literature

Ectopic thyroid tissue along the line of descent of thyroid from foramen caecum along thyroglossal duct to the normal anatomic location in neck has been reported. Ectopic thyroid tissue in adrenal gland (ETTAG) is rarely encountered and very few cases have been reported in literature. The most common differential diagnosis to be considered when thyroid follicles are noted in adrenal gland are metastasis from a thyroid malignancy or a teratoma or an ectopic thyroid tissue in adrenal gland. We present a case of an adrenal incidentaloma in a young pregnant female which was diagnosed to be ectopic thyroid tissue in adrenal gland. The review of literature of similar cases of this rare embryological aberrance is discussed. To our knowledge, only 16 such cases have been documented in literature and our case is the first one from Indian subcontinent and the largest documented with respect to size.

Exploring local attitudes towards current and potential future invasive wasp management in Aotearoa New Zealand

ABSTRACT Social support for pest management programs is essential to their success. In this study, we explored stakeholder perceptions of current wasp management and what attempting eradication means for them. Local stakeholders involved in 7 conservation or pest management projects across Aotearoa New Zealand were interviewed. Q-method analysis identified two major perspectives across the participants. A target-driven and ambitious perspective emerged where eradication of invasive wasps was the objective and any control method deemed effective could be used to achieve that goal. Negative impacts of management could be justified by removing the larger negative impact of wasps on the environment. The second perspective identified agreed that wasps must be managed but were characterised as more holistically minded. Control methods perceived to have negative impacts to the wider ecosystem were deemed less acceptable. Education and engagement were highlighted as essential to increase local support for future wasp management. Developing pest management strategies informed by mana whenua is especially crucial, and hapū enabled to draw on their mātauranga Māori may provide new insights into developing effective and acceptable pest management practices. Emphasis not just on technical but social and cultural aspects of wasp eradication and control will be vital for successful wasp management. Glossary of Māori words: Hapū: subtribal group; iwi: tribal group; maramataka: Māori lunar calendar; mātauranga Māori: Māori knowledge systems; mauri: life force or vital essence; taonga: precious thing or treasure; tapu: sacred, restricted or prohibited; te ao Māori: Māori worldview; tohu: a sign or indication; whakapapa: genealogy or line of descent

Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Flesh Firmness by Combining QTL Mapping and Transcriptome Profiling in Pyrus pyrifolia

Flesh firmness is an important quality of pear fruits. Breeding cultivars with suitably low flesh firmness is one of the popular pear breeding goals. At present, SNP markers related to pear flesh firmness and genes affecting flesh firmness are still uncertain. In this study, a QTL analysis was performed, and the result showed that the position of 139.857 cM in lineage group 14 (LG14) had the highest average logarithm of odds (3.41) over two years. This newly discovered locus was identified as a flesh firmness-related QTL (qFirmness-LG14). The ‘C/T’ SNP was found in corresponding Marker1512129. The ‘C’ genotype is the high-firmness genotype, which is a dominant trait. The average firmness of fruits with genotype C is 21.4% higher than genotype without the C genotype. Transcriptome profiling was obtained between ‘Zaoshengxinshui’ and ‘Qiushui’ at five time points. Three candidate genes in the interval of qFirmness-LG14 might affect firmness. A gene of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase 1 (PpXTH1) was upregulated in ‘Qiushui’ at all five time points. Two transcription factors (PpHY5 and PpERF113) were upregulated in ‘Zaoshengxinshui’, which might be negative regulatory genes for high flesh firmness. The transcriptome results also isolated a large number of cell wall-related genes (e.g., Pectate lyase, Pectin acetylesterase, Pectin methylesterase, and 4-coumarate-CoA ligase) and transcription factors (e.g., ERF, WRKY). These genes are all potential upstream and downstream genes related to flesh firmness. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the QTLs and molecular mechanisms associated with fruit firmness in Pyrus pyrifolia.

Molecular epidemiology and population genetics of Schistosoma mansoni infecting school-aged children situated along the southern shoreline of Lake Malawi, Malawi.

In areas of low disease endemicity, highly sensitive diagnostic tools to identify, diagnose, and monitor intestinal schistosomiasis transmission are needed to reliably measure the burden and risk of infection. Here, we used highly sensitive molecular diagnostic methods to investigate Schistosoma mansoni prevalence and transmission along the southern shoreline of Lake Malawi, five years post-disease outbreak. Faecal and urine samples were provided by school-aged children situated along the southern shoreline of Lake Malawi. Kato-Katz faecal-egg microscopy and point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) rapid diagnostic tests were then performed to diagnose infection with S. mansoni. Urine-egg microscopy was also used to diagnose infection with Schistosoma haematobium. In addition, Schistosoma miracidia were isolated from faecal material using a standard miracidium hatching technique. A two-step real-time PCR approach was then used to diagnose infection with S. mansoni using DNA isolated from faecal samples. Furthermore, isolated miracidia were genotyped to species level through PCR and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses were then carried out to identify which previously defined S. mansoni cox1 lineage group S. mansoni miracidia were most closely related to. The measured prevalence of S. mansoni infection varied considerably depending on which diagnostic assay was used. When compared to real-time PCR, faecal-egg microscopy had a sensitivity of 9% and a specificity of 100%. When POC-CCA 'trace' results were considered positive, POC-CCA had a sensitivity of 73% and a specificity of 81% when compared to real-time PCR. However, when considered negative, POC-CCA sensitivity was reduced to 56%, whereas specificity was increased to 90%. In addition, a high degree of S. haematobium DNA was detected in DNA isolated from faecal samples and motile S. haematobium miracidia were recovered from faecal samples. Schistosoma mansoni miracidia were closely related to two independent cox1 lineage groups, suggesting multiple recent introduction and colonisation events originating from surrounding east African countries. Intestinal schistosomiasis is now highly prevalent along the southern shoreline of Lake Malawi just five years post-disease outbreak. In addition, a high prevalence of urogenital schistosomiasis persists. The revision of ongoing schistosomiasis control programmes in this area is therefore recommended. Our study also highlights the need for reliable diagnostic assays capable of distinguishing between Schistosoma species in multispecies co-endemic areas.

Perubahan Sosial Sistem Kekerabatan dalam Upacara Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Nias (Studi Kasus Tahapan Fanika Era-Era Mbowo) di Desa Tuhembuasi Kecamatan Sogae’adu Kabupaten Nias

The title of this research emphasizes social changes in the kinship system in the traditional marriage ceremony of the Nias community (case study of the fanika stages of the mbowo era) in Tuhembuasi Village, Sogae'adu District, Nias Regency. The aim of this research is: To find out/describe social changes in the kinship system in the traditional marriage ceremony of the Nias community (case study of the fanika stages of the mbowo era) in Tuhembuasi Village, Sogae'adu District, Nias Regency. In this research, the method used is a descriptive qualitative approach. The results of the research show that the causes of changes in the Fanika stages of the Mbowo era in the Nias tribe community in Tuhembuasi Village, Sogae'adu District, Nias Regency are: (1) parents nowadays are very busy so they don't have time to talk about or teach about customs. and the culture of the Nias people to their children; (2) because the implementation of the Fanika stages in the Mbowo era took a lot of time, up to 3 to 4 hours, so people also felt bored because the time was too long, so the implementation of this stage was often postponed; (3) many people currently have very little experience of Nias culture so that the implementation of its customs as they are is important to remember but is not implemented; (4) migrate, marry with other tribes, so that the celebration does not reflect Nias culture.

MALAKOK: A MODEL OF ETHNIC RELATIONS BETWEEN NIAS AND MINANGKABAU PEOPLE IN PADANG CITY AND PADANG PARIAMAN REGENCY, WEST SUMATERA PROVINCE

The distribution of the population in West Sumatra is almost over 80 percent of the Minangkabau indigenous people who are Muslim. The remaining 20 percent are non-Minangkabau people and have religions other than Islam, even if there are other ethnicities and religions, they can still live and live side by side. This ethnic and religious diversity needs to be managed to maintain diversity as the achievement of national goals. The purpose of this research is to examine more deeply the relationship model between Nias and Minangkabau ethnic groups in Padang City and Padang Pariaman Regency. The research method was carried out through a literature review through the search for secondary information. From the literature studied, it is known that malakok has been proven to be able to act as a model of local wisdom in relation to diversity, both ethnically and religiously based for social harmony, both internally Minangkabau and with non-Minangkabau who are Muslim and with non-Minangkabau who are not Muslim. Malakok, commonly referred to as the Minang kabaustyle assimilation. The existence of this malakok system means that the kinship system in Minangkabau proves that it is actually an open system.

Familial hypodontia in bronze age Northwest China (1046–771BC)

ObjectiveThis research aimed to report hypodontia cases in a Middle Bronze Age high-tier cemetery in China and test the possible hereditary behind hypodontia by performing kinship tests on those individuals. DesignIn this study, dental anomalies were observed on a human skeletal sample (n = 45) uncovered from Yaoheyuan, China. Ancient DNA analysis was subsequently employed on a subsample of the Yaoheyuan individuals (n = 15), including individuals observed hypodontia and individuals randomly sampled from the cemetery for preliminary investigation on the cemetery demography. Kinship estimation tests (READ, TKGWV2, KIN, and F3 test) were subsequently employed. ResultsThe Yaoheyuan elite population had a prevalence (n = 7, 15 %) of tooth agenesis in either the maxilla or mandible, with one to two teeth missing. All missing teeth were incisors, except for one individual missing maxillary second molar. Preliminary ancient DNA results indicate that several kinship groups existed among interred individuals, including those with hypodontia, indicating the hereditary origin of these cases. ConclusionsThe prevalence of hypodontia observed on site is high compared to that in both modern East Asian populations and archaeological samples in the Chinese population. The preliminary kinship analysis suggests a case of familial hypodontia. Ancient DNA analysis should be thoroughly conducted in future studies to understand the genetic markers contributing to those hypodontia cases among the Yaoheyuan individuals.

Cultural Transmission in Printed Games of Cupid: Tracing Lines of Descent

Abstract The Game of Cupid is a simple dice-based race game derived from the Game of the Goose in about 1600. Twelve different examples, covering the period to about 1850 and drawn from France, the Low Countries and Britain, are analysed according to distinctive markers that include rules, game board configuration and decorative elements, showing that the evolution of the game can be described by a single tree of descent. The forces governing this evolution are discussed. The results may be of interest to those investigating whether different aspects of a complex cultural trait – such as a board game that has rules, a board and decorative elements – follow separate cultural transmission processes.

Searching medieval human remains using ground penetrating radar: A case study in Venosa (Basilicata, Southern Italy)

Controlled forensic geophysical research involving GPR has proven to be a valuable resource, and the information gathered from these studies has been applied to forensic casework. The probability of detecting a grave for a longer postmortem interval differs with the soil type and the materials added to the grave with the body. In the studied case a detailed GPR survey was conducted in the Basilica della Trinità at Venosa a village located about 40 km north from Potenza (Basilicata, Italy).Unfortunately during the restoration works of the Basilica, there was a cement spill inside a sarcophagus containing human remains. The necessity to perform the genetic analysis of medieval human remains to reconstruct the distribution of the original line of descent of the Norman noble families aimed the need to understand whether or not there was a body inside the sarcophagus and, if so, its exact position.The radar profiles from this survey showed the clear amplitude contrast anomalies, emanated from the corpses. The strongest amplitude contrasts are observed at around 0.2–0.5 m depth which is consistent with the depth of the buried corp.

PRESERVING AND MANAGING CHINESE SETTLEMENT HERITAGE TOURISM IN LASEM, INDONESIA

This research examines Chinese settlements' preservation and management strategies as heritage tourism in Lasem, Rembang, Indonesia. Ancient houses in Chinatown settlements are vulnerable and require a social resilience strategy as a solution. This study used a qualitative approach and data collection techniques through observation, in-depth interviews, documentation, and focus group discussion (FGD). The informants were owners of ancient houses utilizing their buildings as heritage tourism destinations. The results of this study show that the community or owner in managing settlements or Chinese houses as tourist destinations should have three capacities in the social resilience perspective, namely 1) coping capacity, which includes resources, knowledge, skills, and learning; community as the main actor, community awareness, and social kinship system; 2) adaptive capacity which includes: community networks, human and environmental relations, and community participation; and 3) transformative capacity which includes community infrastructure, multi-stakeholder partnerships, technological innovation, diversity and economic innovation. This study concludes that the owners of ancient houses in Chinatown settlements who utilize their buildings as tourism destinations are quite resilient.

Interfaith Harmony and Cultural Dynamics in Mbawa Village, Indonesia

In Indonesia, religious life is a crucial aspect of national identity, as reflected in the 1945 Constitution. In Mbawa, a village in Donggo Ipa, religious diversity and local cultural values, such as tolerance and mutual respect, play a key role in fostering social harmony and preventing interfaith conflict. This study aims to analyze interfaith harmony and cultural dynamics in Mbawa Village, Indonesia, focusing on the practices of social and cultural tolerance. Employing a descriptive qualitative research method, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation techniques. The findings reveal that interfaith tolerance in Mbawa Village is fostered through a strong kinship system, the Kaco'i Angi culture, and the practice of mutual assistance, supporting robust social harmony. The study concludes that interfaith tolerance in Mbawa Village reflects a deep integration of cultural and religious elements. The implications of this study suggest the need for policies supporting the preservation of cultural rituals like Raju to strengthen communal solidarity.

The Function of Language as an Adaptation Strategy for Javanese Transmigrants in Simpang Nangka Village, Selupu Rejang District, Bengkulu Province

This research is entitled "The Function of Language as an Adaptation Strategy forTransmigrants Java in Simpang Nangka Village, Selupu Rejang District, BengkuluProvince". This research aims to describe the adaptation process of Javanesetransmigrants in Indonesia Simpang Nangka Village and the function of language as anadaptation strategy for transmigrants Java. The theory used in this research is Bronislaw'sfunctionalism theory Malinowski The method used is a qualitative method, withtechniques collecting observation data, interviews and documentation.The results of this research explain that language functions as a strategyadaptation of Javanese transmigrants in Simpang Nangka Village. First of all bring it tohistory of transmigration to Simpang Nangka in 1964 through spontaneoustransmigration. From transmigration activities, the population in Simpang Nangka isdominated by two ethnicities namely the Javanese and the Rejang. While living inSimpang Nangka as a migrant The transmigrant population goes through severalprocesses to adapt there. As for Some of these processes are: Learning the Rejanglanguage, adaptation through agriculture,adaptation to social organizations, adaptationthrough kinship systems and so on.This research also explains the function of languageon related biological psychology human behavior and needs, then the function oflanguage in the economy, namely make it easier in the negotiation process and then thefunction of language in related politics voice through campaigns.

Dialog Hukum Adat dan Islam: Kritik Syeikh Ahmad Khatib Al-Minangkabawi Terhadap Sistem Waris di Minangkabau

This research discusses the two main forces influencing Minangkabau society, namely custom and religion. The matrilineal system practiced in Minangkabau has significant differences compared to the Islamic kinship system, particularly in terms of inheritance distribution. These differences often become a source of conflict and academic interest, especially among scholars of Islamic law. One figure who firmly opposes the customary inheritance system in Minangkabau is Sheikh Ahmad Khatib al-Minangkabawi, a prominent scholar who served as Imam, Khatib, and teacher in Mecca. This study employs a library research approach with a descriptive analytical method to explore Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's critiques of the prevailing inheritance system. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib argues that customary practices that divert inheritance to nephews rather than biological children contradict Islamic principles. He even equates this action with consuming the wealth of orphans, a deed prohibited in Islam. During his time, there was ambiguity regarding the ownership status of property in Minangkabau society whether it belonged to a father or was property of the clan managed by the niniak mamak. When a father passed away, the inheritance that should rightfully go to biological children often ended up with nephews, leading to injustice. Sheikh Ahmad Khatib's sharp criticism emphasizes the need for reform in the customary inheritance system to align it with Islamic law and protect the rights of children, thereby reducing conflict and injustice in Minangkabau society in the future.

Abstract B034: Understanding how family dynamics influence discussions about prostate cancer: A PEN-3 model analysis of shared risk communication within African American families

Abstract Background: Race and family history are important risk-stratifying variables for prostate cancer prevention and control. Despite their elevated risks for developing and dying from the disease, African-Americans are less knowledgeable about their shared familial risk than the general population. African American family structures are quite diverse. However, the manner in which this diversity influences the flow of shared risk information is largely absent from the literature. This study uses the PEN-3 cultural model to investigate how family dynamics influence prostate cancer information sharing within African American families. Method: Twenty-three members of ten families with African-American men completed semi-structured interviews in 2018 - 2019. Using a non-probability sampling scheme, nuclear, blended, extended, single-parent and cohabiting families were recruited to participate. The interview guide was structured to elicit information about participant's (a) family descriptions/family dynamics, (b) health communication patterns, (c) motivations for sharing health information, (d) health communication approaches, (e) handling of withheld information, and (f) generational communication strategies. All audio-recorded interviews were conducted by three African- American investigators and transcribed verbatim by a professional transcriptionist. All verbatim transcripts were entered into MAXQDA qualitative software for analysis using the PEN-3 model dimensions. Results: Cultural Identity - Personal/Extended: Families were more supportive of sharing sensitive health information with kinship group members who are viewed as close than distant. Neighborhood: The church family was sometimes viewed as an extension of the immediate family, particularly in situations where family members are geographically dispersed. Relationships and Expectations - Perceptions: Indirect communication is acceptable for relaying general information with young people, but direct communication is preferred for older adults. Cultural Empowerment - Negative: Withholding information to protect other's emotions can sometimes result in feelings of exclusion or mistrust when those being protected discover that information was withheld. Conclusion/Discussion: These findings highlight the complexity of family dynamics in communicating shared prostate cancer risk information within African American families. The generational divide in communication preferences suggests that strategies are needed to bridge that gap. Citation Format: Levi Ross, Michael A. Preston, Linda Collins, Florida Uzoaru, Torhonda C. Lee. Understanding how family dynamics influence discussions about prostate cancer: A PEN-3 model analysis of shared risk communication within African American families [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 17th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2024 Sep 21-24; Los Angeles, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024;33(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B034.

Spotlighting the Neglect of Balinese Women's and Children's Rights in Custody Court Decisions

The Balinese society adheres to a patrilineal kinship system in which men are considered the successors of the lineage. This system often serves as the rationale for awarding child custody to fathers in divorce cases, frequently disregarding the rights of the mother and the best interests of the child. This study examines the implications of the patrilineal kinship system on divorce proceedings, the criteria used by judges in child custody decisions among the Balinese, and the potential for reconstructing child custody arrangements to prioritize the child's best interests. It is a legal research that examines the normative issues regarding child custody in a patrilineal society with a gender perspective. This paper suggests that decisions regarding child custody should refer to the child's best interests principle and gender responsiveness. In the event of a divorce, a wife is typically returned to her parents by her husband's extended family, a process known as “mulih deha”, which effectively reverts her to the status of a girl, implying she has no children and does not retain any marital property. Societal culture holds that a child is considered secure in the father's household, even if the paternal grandparents provide care. This entrenched belief system discourages Balinese women from pursuing child custody. A co-parenting model, allowing both parents to remain actively involved, can help reconstruct child custody arrangements to serve the child's best interests better.

From the Chattel to the Cattle: Human and Animal Laborers in Ancient Israel and Its Context

Abstract In many cultures through history, subjugated human and animal laborers have been treated alike. However, very little research has explored this connection in relation to ancient Israel and Judah or ancient West Asia more broadly. In this article, I analyze the interconnections between institutions of human and animal labor according to biblical and other West Asian evidence. Physically, slaves and livestock were subjected to the same body modifications (such as brandings and piercings) and the same physical beatings. Economically, both groups were central to transactions, being bought, sold, or forcibly taken, and laboring for their masters. Socially, both groups were drawn in to participate in societies and nations, and they were precariously situated in kinship groups. Psychologically, both may have been kept in place by their masters’ Social Dominance Orientation, and slaves may have been animalized to justify their treatment. In these ways, institutions of human and animal labor were entangled and mutually reinforcing, leading to the subjugation of both the chattel and the cattle.

The trading house: A relational and configurational insight into family businesses

What analytical framework can we employ to conduct ethnographic investigation into family businesses? As sociological and anthropological perspectives increasingly extend their gaze beyond the legal confines of firms to include the kinship groups (household, business family) behind them, no existing integrative concept examines the sui generis organizations formed by these overlapping institutions. Based on fieldwork conducted among shopkeepers in rural France, this article proposes a relational and configurational approach to family business by developing an overarching category: the ‘trading house’. Combining Claude Lévi-Strauss’ analysis of the aristocratic house with feminist-inspired perspectives on domestic economy, the trading house refers to an interdependent group of (re)productive cooperation—comprising, at least, a business and a household—that, directly or indirectly, ensures the management of a transferable symbolic and material estate centered around a market activity. The relational perspective examines boundaries, resources, and interpersonal ties within the house as outcomes of an ongoing relational work, which delineates, blurs, and (dis)connects domestic, business and family spheres, all the while ensuring the historical continuity of the estate beyond its living representatives. The configurational perspective simultaneously draws attention to the (re)productive, monetary, and reputational interdependencies that bind and unite the members of the house across these shifting boundaries. This framework is particularly well-suited for understanding traditional small businesses in rural areas.

Petrography and geochemistry of aplites from the Seridó Pegmatite Province, NE Brazil: Petrogenetic Implications

In the Seridó Pegmatite Province (SPP) there are thousands of granitic pegmatite intrusions, including unzoned and barren, and zoned and mineralized ones. The whole rock chemical analysis of pegmatite is usually unfeasible because of its large grain size. However, fine-grained aplites syn crystallized with pegmatites should allow them to be used as proxies to assess pegmatite melt differentiation. We selected 15 representative aplite occurrences within unzoned pegmatite intrusions, including 7 intrusions with the grayish muscovite-aplite type and 8 with the reddish magnetite-aplite type. We also used for new trace element analysis samples of medium-to coarse-grained facies of host unzoned pegmatites. These pegmatites occur as NE-SW and N-S dykes and sills intruding mica schist and paragneiss from the Seridó Belt. Both aplite types contain along with quartz and feldspars accessory apatite, zircon, monazite, and xenotime. Tourmaline, muscovite, and garnet occur in the grayish aplites, whereas biotite and opaque minerals occur in the reddish aplites. The grayish aplites are slightly to strong peraluminous, while the reddish aplites are slightly metaluminous to slightly peraluminous. The reddish aplites and their host pegmatites are enriched in Ba, Sr, U and Th, while the grayish aplites and their host pegmatites are enriched in B, Li and Cs. The K/Rb ratios of the aplites varies from 11 to 44 with similar ranges in both reddish and grayish aplites. Normalized to the average upper continental crust composition, both aplite types present positive anomalies of Rb, Pb, U, and Hf, and negative anomalies of Ba, Sr and Ti. K, Nb and Ta show variable enrichment and depletion. They usually show HREE enrichment in relation to LREE and negative Eu anomaly, but positive Eu anomaly and tetrad patterns occur in few samples. In the normative QAP diagram the aplites show a wide range of compositions with a trend from quartz-plagioclase-rich tonalite to quartz-poor K-feldspars-rich alkali granite. Such trend is inverted in relation to the characteristic trends of melt differentiation by crystal fractionation. The albite/K-feldspar ratio of aplites shows a wide distribution range that would be related to the compositional variety of the partially melted protoliths and/or the variation in melting rate during prograde anatexis. The trace element compositions of the medium-to coarse-grained facies of the unzoned pegmatites are very similar to those of the coexisting aplites. The obtained data using aplites as a proxy for their host pegmatites precludes a unique line of melt descent at the origin of the SPP aplites and unzoned pegmatites and thus strongly support an anatectic origin from different sources.

Kin Cognition and Communication: What Talking, Gesturing, and Drawing About Family Can Tell us About the Way We Think About This Core Social Structure.

When people talk about kinship systems, they often use co-speech gestures and other representations to elaborate. This paper investigates such polysemiotic (spoken, gestured, and drawn) descriptions of kinship relations, to see if they display recurring patterns of conventionalization that capture specific social structures. We present an exploratory hypothesis-generating study of descriptions produced by a lesser-known ethnolinguistic community to the cognitive sciences: the Paamese people of Vanuatu. Forty Paamese speakers were asked to talk about their family in semi-guided kinship interviews. Analyses of the speech, gesture, and drawings produced during these interviews revealed that lineality (i.e., mother's side vs. father's side) is lateralized in the speaker's gesture space. In other words, kinship members of the speaker's matriline are placed on the left side of the speaker's body and those of the patriline are placed on their right side, when they are mentioned in speech. Moreover, we find that the gesture produced by Paamese participants during verbal descriptions of marital relations are performed significantly more often on two diagonal directions of the sagittal axis. We show that these diagonals are also found in the few diagrams that participants drew on the ground to augment their verbo-gestural descriptions of marriage practices with drawing. We interpret this behavior as evidence of a spatial template, which Paamese speakers activate to think and communicate about family relations. We therefore argue that extending investigations of kinship structures beyond kinship terminologies alone can unveil additional key factors that shape kinship cognition and communication and hereby provide further insights into the diversity of social structures.

Petrology and chronology of mare components in lunar basaltic breccia meteorite Northwest Africa 12384

AbstractNorthwest Africa (NWA) 12384 is a lunar polymict breccia composed almost entirely of basaltic components. The clast content includes low‐ to very‐low‐Ti volcanic picritic glass, basaltic vitrophyre, and crystalline pigeonite basalt—an assemblage of volcanic materials that can be tested for petrogenetic relationships. We present the inferred history of select mare components of NWA 12384 as suggested by texture, mineralogy, and petrography, and compare them to Apollo samples and other lunar meteorites. In addition, we used the volcanic glasses in the breccia as a primary composition for crystallization modeling and comparison to the lithic clast compositions. We find that the mafic clasts in NWA 12384 cannot be derived from the picritic glass through a common liquid line of descent because of higher Ti content, though they may have crystallized from a separate, common liquid line of descent. These clasts could represent local source‐region heterogeneity or differential assimilation of more Ti‐rich material. Pb‐Pb SIMS analyses of a large basalt clast in NWA 12384 reveal an age of 3044 ± 41 Ma (2σ), which is used together with the chemical data and 4π cosmic ray exposure age of less than 20 kyr and terrestrial age of between 3.1 and 17.3 kyr to constrain the possible locations of provenance for this meteorite.