King's Method Research Articles

The Development of Implicit Epistemologies During Early and Middle Adulthood

This study examined the development of implicit epistemologies of Finnish adults during the last ten years. It was hypothesized that specific adult experiences are stimulating for development. Moreover, a person's exploratory orientation was hypothesized to be related to development. Kitchener and King's model and method of Reflective Judgment provided tools to study adolescents' and adults' epistemologies and their possible development. Participants (N = 59) were given initial (1986–1988) and follow-up (1993–1994) Reflective Judgment interviews. The age range was from 24–50 years in the follow-up groups. The Reflective Judgment mean stage scores clearly increased during the two study periods (M1 = 4.64,M2 = 5.10; F(1, 58) = 32.82, p = .000). Education, in particular education beyond a person's primary profession/occupation, was a strong predictor of development. Also, encountering diversity and exploratory orientation were related to development, but their connections were more complicated. No gender differences were found. The results support the idea that positive changes in thinking and reasoning take place during adulthood.

Ecological Inference and Entropy-Maximizing: An Alternative Estimation Procedure for Split-Ticket Voting

Publication of King's A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem has rekindled interest in the estimation of unknown cell values in two- and three-dimensional matrices from knowledge of the marginal sums. This paper outlines an entropy-maximizing (EM) procedure which employs more constraints than King's EI method and produces mathematical rather than statistical procedures: the estimates are maximum-likelihood values. The mathematics are outlined, and the procedure's use illustrated with a study of ticket-splitting at New Zealand's first (1996) general election using the mixed-member proportional representation system, for which official figures provide a check against the EM estimate of the number voting a straight party ticket in each constituency.

The role of the cloud optical thickness in the attenuation of the solar ultraviolet radiation reaching the ground: Implications to the human health impacts

Cloud optical depth, as it is derived from the King's method, is compared with that deduced from the simple two stream approximation for the greater Athens, Greece area. The results show that King's method overestimates the cloud optical thickness, in comparison to the two stream approximation. These estimations were also compared with satellite observations provided by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project. This comparison showed that there are large deviations between ground‐based and satellite observations. These deviations are probably due to the uncertainty introduced by the integration procedure of the satellite spatial analyzing resolution (distinctness). Furthermore, values of the simple scattering albedo were calculated by employing a recently proposed theoretical method and using the solar ultraviolet irradiance measurements performed at the Athens University on a routine basis. These results are of great importance for the densely populated areas like Athens, in a sense of health impacts, from enhanced incident solar ultraviolet radiation.

Long term results using a modified King's method for cubital tunnel syndrome.

Forty-six elbows in 40 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome were evaluated after using a modified King's method. The average postoperative followup period was 79 months. The severity of cubital tunnel syndrome was graded before and after operation by the modified method of Stuffer et al which evaluated the amount of numbness, sensation, muscle strength, and muscle atrophy. The results were positively correlated with the preoperative severity of the disease and the ulnar nerve sulcus angle as measured in the axial view of the elbow. When the amount of the medial epicondylectomy was large, a good result was obtained, but the risk of medial collateral ligament insufficiency increased. Because the results of medial epicondylectomy are inconsistent with stability of the elbow, when doing a modified King's operation, careful repair of the medial collateral ligament is essential to minimize instability of the elbow.

Damage caused by <em>Skrjabingylus nasicola</em> (Leuckart, 1842), Metastrongylidae, to weasels (<em>Mustela nivalis</em> L.) in North-Western Italy

Dipartinzento di Biologia Animale, Universitu di Pavia, Piazza Botta 9, 27100 Pavia, Italia ABSTRACT - The percentage of infestation (incidence) and the dcgree of damage caused by Skrjabingylus nasicola were analysed in 15 fresh skulls of weascls (Mustela nivalis) collected in Pavia province (Northern Italy) during 1986-89 and in 79 preserved skulls from the Civic Museum of Natural History of Genoa (Liguria region). The incidence was 66.6% for the first sample of weasels and 54.4% for the second one; the mean degree of damage, asscsscd according King's methods, was 3.7 and 2.6 respectively. Although no significant difference in Skrjabingylus prevalence was recorded in relation to sex and age of weasels, a trend of increase in parasitc incidence was observcd from young to adults in the sample of weasels from the Museum of Genoa. Apodenius sylvaticus, which was the staple in the diet of weasels collected in Pavia province, could bc considered the main paratenic host of the

Pal 1: A Globular Cluster Anyway?

CCD photometry of the halo cluster Pall in Thuan-Gunn system is presented. The color - magnitude diagrams (Fig. 1) show a well defined red horizontal branch, lower giant branch and main-sequence down to about two magnitudes below the main-sequence turnoff. The giant branch is absent and the brightest stars are horizontal-branch stars. The horizontal branch is composed of red stars only. The age of the cluster, determined by comparison with the isochrones of Bell and Vanden Berg (1987) is consistent with an age between 12 – 14 Gyr. and a metallicity [Fe/H] = −0.79. The observed luminosity function shows a deficiency of stars from about 0.5 mag below turnoff up to g = 21 mag. A distance modulus of (m – M)g0 = 15.35 ± 0.1 magnitude has been derived. An estimate of the cluster structural parameters gives rc = 1.7 pc and c = 1.46. A mass estimate of 1.6 × 103M⊙ and mass-to-light ratio 1.77 has been obtained, using King's (1966) method.

肘部管症候群の治療成績 皮下前方移動術とＫＩＮＧ変法について

From 1978 to 1991, we treated 77 patients with cubital tunnel syndrome using either an anterior subcutaneous transposition or a modified King's method. 34 patients with 34 cubital tunnel syndromes were followed-up for more than 1 year. Their preoperative stages were graded by Akahori's system from stages I to V. Nerve conduction studies were performed on all the patients at follow-up. The patients' postoperative recoveries were evaluated by Akahori's post-operative stages, which were classified into 4 categories from excellent to poor.All the cases, whose preoperative stages were I to III, were graded excellent but none of the patients with a preoperative stage V had recovered to a better stage than good at follow up, regardless of the surgical procedure or the duration of numbness of the ulnar nerve distribution. The preoperative stage of cubital tunnel syndrome showed a significant correlation with the prognosis, that is, the better the preoperative stage promised to be the better the post operative recovery was. However, the duration of numbness which we thought would correlate well with the severity of the disease did not correlate with the post operative recovery. Numbness is a subjective sign and there may be differences in how individuales feel the numbness threshold.We would like to conclude from this clinical reseach that the most important factor which affects the prognosis is the preoperative stage.

Estimates of population density and correlates of the status of the samango monkey Cercopithecus mitis in Natal, South Africa

In southern Africa the samango monkey Cercopithecus mitis is confined to small (< 500 ha) forest fragments and is considered a locally rare species. Monkey populations from 17 of Natal's forests were visited and 14 of these were censused using King's strip transect method. Enviromental correlates and disturbance factors affecting samango population density are examined. The results of this provincial census show that it may be possible to predict samango density according to the plant species richness and diversity of a forest. The potential effect of the latter on the vagaries of food abundance and availability and hence the primate carrying capacity of a forest are considered. The important conclusion is that forests in Natal with very high species richness and diversity values do not necessarily support high samango densities. In fact these forests appear to maintain population densities similar to those forests with low plant species richness and diversity (swamp and sand forests). This has important implications for the conservation and management of the species, since it high-lights the importance to its survival, of those, often young, forests that can maintain high population densities (coastal dune and coastal lowland forest). Furthermore, results of this study permit a more objective interpretation of the evaluation of the observed abundance of samango monkeys in different forest types, and in so doing may form the basis for sound management proposals in the future.

Constant Rate Rainfall Infiltration in a Bounded Profile: Solutions of a Nonlinear Model

AbstractWe present new exact solutions to a versatile analytic nonlinear model of single phase vertical unsaturated flow during constant rate rainfall infiltration in a bounded soil profile with an impermeable base. The nonlinear flow equation in a fixed finite region is transformed to a linear diffusion problem with boundary conditions on a shrinking domain. The linear problem is treated by King's method of Laplace‐transform boosts. The analytic solutions illustrate the theoretical differences in the basement moisture build‐up when the water content dependence of the soil hydraulic properties varies from strong to weak. When the rainfall rate exceeds a critical value which is estimated here, surface ponding precedes basement saturation. In this case, time to ponding is approximated well by the expression for the infinite column. When the rainfall rate is less than the critical value (which is greater than the conductivity at saturation), basement saturation precedes surface ponding. In this case, the time to basement saturation is close to the time taken for the rainfall to fill the available pore space.

A UHF probe for NMR micro-imaging experiments.

A long solenoid is capable of producing, at least theoretically, a B1 field that is relatively more homogeneous than other known structures. This paper describes the design of a UHF probe incorporating a one-turn solenoid associated with a pair of parallel-plate transmission line feeders and presents a practical example used in a 360-MHz spectrometer for micro-imaging experiments. Numerical evaluation of the solenoid inductance using King's method for direct calculation of elliptic integrals is also included.

Measuring mass-to-light ratios of spherical stellar systems by core fitting

view Abstract Citations (127) References (11) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Measuring mass-to-light ratios of spherical stellar systems by core fitting. Richstone, D. O. ; Tremaine, S. Abstract The authors discuss the determination of mass-to-light ratios of spherical stellar systems by core fitting (King's method). They justify the core-fitting formula and state the conditions for its validity. Publication: The Astronomical Journal Pub Date: July 1986 DOI: 10.1086/114135 Bibcode: 1986AJ.....92...72R Keywords: Mass To Light Ratios; Star Clusters; Stellar Physics; Stellar Systems; Polytropic Processes; Spheres; Stellar Cores; Stellar Models; Astrophysics full text sources ADS |

神経内ガングリオンによる尺骨神経麻ひの２例

We report two cases of ulnar nerve neuropathy caused by an intraneural ganglion of the cubital tunnel. At operation these ganglions were located between the nerve fibers and had a stalk extending to the medial joint capsule of the elbow. The stalk and cyst were removed under the operating microscope and King's method was done. Two cases' progress was very good. The microscopic specimens from the excised tumor were that of a ganglion. We discuss about the origin of ganglion, whether it is an intraneural or extraneural cyst.

当科における遅発性尺骨神経麻ひの治療成績

In order to examine the factors which influence the prognosis of the tardy ulnar palsy, the follow-up study was done.Materials consists of 64 cases which were terated with some operative procedures such as anterior transfer, the King's method etc. The postoperative duration of these cases ranged from 6 months to ten years (average; 3 years and one month).Clinical results at the last examination were evaluated by the modified Mizumura and Akahori's method. And the relationship between the results and the age of the patients, period from onset of symptome to operation, the degree of the preoperative palsy and the motor conduction velocity (MCV) were discussed.Good and excellent results were obtained 71.4% of 64 cases. These results were correlated with the age of the patients, period from onset to operation. However, the most important factor which decided the final results was the degree of the preoperative plasy.The statistical analysis showed that the result of cases with more than 41m/sec of MCV was better than that of cases with less than 20m/sec of MCV. But, it was difficult to conjecture the prognosis by using only the value of the preoperative MCV.

A note on King's method F for finding a bracketed root

In this paper a modification of the King's methodF for finding a bracketed root is presented in which the first-secant step and the auxiliary Snyder's steps are replaced by bisection steps. It is shown that modified algorithm is more effective than King's procedure. Two FORTRANIV subroutines are included.

A note on King's fifth-order family of methods for solving equations

King's two-step fifth-order methods for solving equations require two function and two derivative evaluations per iteration. Using exactly the same information and composing two-point methods of order 2.732 with themselves, other two-step methods can be obtained with asymptotic convergence rates 7.464 which is better than the 5 of King.

A colorimetric method for the microdetermination of silicon in the presence of excess phosphorus

King's method has been modified for the measurement of biological samples. The addition of tartaric acid permits the accurate measurement of silica even in the presence of large excess of phosphorus. This eliminates the need for separating phosphate prior to the silicon determination.

Serum heat-stable alkaline phosphatase in normal and abnormal pregnancy.

The activity of serum alkaline phosphatase of normal and abnormal pregnant females were determined by the method of Neale. Heat-stable alkaline phosphatase was one of the isozynes derived from the placenta and was defined as the enzyme which retained its activity after heating at 50°C for 30 minutes. The activity of this enzyme was determined by Kind and King's method using disodium phosphate as the substrate at pH 10.0, and the results were expressed in King and Armstrong's units per 100ml of serums. The activity of the total alkaline phosphatase in normal pregnant females increased progressively with the advance of pregnancy, and this increase was regarded as the result of enhanced activity of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase, whereas heat-labile alkaline phosphatase was almost constant in its activity throughout pregnancy. Umbilical blood had practically no activity of heat-stable alkaline phosphatase. The values of this enzyme activity in complicated pregnancy including toxemia, twin pregnancy and intra-uterine fetal death did not differ from those of the normal pregnancy. Two cases of polyhydramnios showed significantly low values. The possible clinical use of this method was briefly discussed.

A simplification of Kind and King's method for determination of serum phosphatase.

(1966). A Simplification of Kind and King's Method for Determination of Serum Phosphatase. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 18, No. 3, pp. 353-356.

The interaction of fast particles with nuclei

It is shown that the dispersion of proton momenta in inelastic p-N-collisions for 9 GeV and π −-N-collisions for 7 GeV as well as data on inelastic collisions with proton nuclei for 9 to 27 GeV agree with the mechanism of successive collisions of an incident particle with the nucleons in the nucleus. The methods and conclusions of refs. 10,13) which deal with collisions with nuclei are discussed for comparison. It is shown that several negligences in these papers affect the conclusion on the validity of the tunnel mechanism and the difference in the inelasticity coefficients in the interval of 2 to 27 GeV. For example, in refs. 10,13) the authors have omitted a rather essential geometric factor taking into account the probability for finding an electron pair when the tracks of the relativistic particles are continued towards the primary beam by King's method.

Silicon in Biological Material. I. Determinations Eliminating Silicon as a Contaminant

Summary1. The silicon content of the tissues of man and rat were reinvestigated by a modified King's method, in which contact with glassware was avoided. 2. All tissues studied, except bone, contained between 2-10 μg silicon /g of dried tissue. Bone contained approximately 100 μg silicon/g of dried tissue. 3. In a single balance study, 90% of the silicon in rat food was excreted in the feces; some silicon was excreted in the urine.