King's Formula Research Articles

A combined network pharmacology and molecular biology approach to investigate the potential mechanisms of G-M6 on ovarian cancer

Ginsenoside 3β,12β,21α,22β-Hydroxy-24-norolean-12-ene (G-M6), a phase I metabolite of anti-tumor medication 20(R)-25-methoxyl-dammarane-3β,12β,20-triol (AD-1), beats the parent drug in anti-ovarian cancer efficacy. The mechanism of action for ovarian cancer, however, is uncertain. Using network pharmacology, human ovarian cancer cells and nude mouse ovarian cancer xenotransplantation model, the anti-ovarian cancer mechanism of G-M6 was preliminarily explored in this study. The PPAR signal pathway is the key signal pathway of the G-M6 anti-ovarian cancer mechanism, according to data mining and network analysis. Docking tests demonstrated that the bioactive chemical G-M6 was capable of forming a stable bond with the PPARγ target protein capsule. Using human ovarian cancer cells and xenograft model of ovarian cancer to evaluate the anticancer activity of G-M6. The IC50 value of G-M6 was 5.83±0.36, lower than AD-1 and Gemcitabine. The tumor weight of the RSG 80 mg/kg group (C), G-M6 80 mg/kg group (I), and RSG 80 mg/kg + G-M6 80 mg/kg group (J) after the intervention was as follows: C < I < J. The tumor inhibition rates of groups C, I, and J were 28.6%, 88.7%, and 92.6%, respectively. When RSG and G-M6 are combined to treat ovarian cancer, q = 1.00 is calculated according to King's formula, which indicates that RSG and G-M6 have additive effects. Its molecular mechanism may involve the up-regulation of PPARγ and Bcl-2 protein expressions, and the down-regulation of Bax, Cytochrome C (Cyt. C), Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 protein expressions. These findings serve as a reference for further research into the processes behind ginsenoside G-M6′s ovarian cancer therapy.

Reliability of Different RBC Indices and Formulas in the Discrimination of ?-Thalassemia Minor and Iron Deficiency Anemia in Surabaya, Indonesia

In this study, we evaluated the RBC indices in differentiating ?-thalassemia minor and iron deficiencyanemia in a healthcare center. This was an observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design usingblood specimens of children aged 3 years to 17 years with microcytic hypochromic anemia based onthe results of complete blood counts and evaluation of peripheral blood smears. Calculation of the RBCindices was performed as an initial screening to differentiate ?-thalassemia minor and iron deficiencyanemia. Iron profile examination and hemoglobin electrophoresis were performed to confirm the diagnosisof ?-thalassemia minor and iron deficiency anemia. The results of the independent samples t-test showedsignificant differences in Hb, MCV, MCH, and MCHC between ?-thalassemia minor and iron deficiencyanemia (p <0.05). The results of the Mann Whitney test showed a significant difference in the MentzerIndex to distinguish between ?-thalassemia minor and iron deficiency anemia (p <0.05). Also, the resultsof the independent samples t-test showed significant differences in the Green & King formula, Sirdah etal. formula, and the Maltos and Carvalho Index (p <0.05). The Green and King formula has a diagnosticsensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 76.6% and an accuracy of 78.03%. Various formulas based on theresults of complete blood count parameters have been developed to detect ?-thalassemia minor in areas witha high prevalence of ?-thalassemia with different sensitivity and specificity. In this study, it showed that theGreen and King formula has a diagnostic sensitivity of 78.6% and a specificity of 76.6%, and an accuracyof 78.03%. Green and King’s formula can be applied as an initial screening to differentiate ?-thalassemiaminor and iron deficiency anemia

Global representation of Segre numbers by Monge\u2013Amp\xe8re products

On a reduced analytic space X we introduce the concept of a generalized cycle, which extends the notion of a formal sum of analytic subspaces to include also a form part. We then consider a suitable equivalence relation and corresponding quotient mathcal {B}(X) that we think of as an analogue of the Chow group and a refinement of de Rham cohomology. This group allows us to study both global and local intersection theoretic properties. We provide many mathcal {B}-analogues of classical intersection theoretic constructions: For an analytic subspace Vsubset X we define a mathcal {B}-Segre class, which is an element of mathcal {B}(X) with support in V. It satisfies a global King formula and, in particular, its multiplicities at each point coincide with the Segre numbers of V. When V is cut out by a section of a vector bundle we interpret this class as a Monge–Ampère-type product. For regular embeddings we construct a mathcal {B}-analogue of the Gysin morphism.

Synergistic effects of rmhTRAIL and 17-AAG on the proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to investigate synergistic effects of recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rmhTRAIL) and heat-shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor (geldanamycin derivative 17 -allylamino- 17-demethoxy -geldanamycin, 17-AAG) on the proliferation and apoptosis of multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Methods: MTT assays evaluated inhibitory effects of rmhTRAIL and 17-AAG in different concentrations and treatment durations on the proliferation of RPMI8226 and U266 cells. The half maximal inhibitory concentration was calculated using OriginPro7.5. Synergistic effects of rmhTRAIL and 17-AAG on apoptosis of MM cells were detected using flow cytometry at 24 and 48 h post-treatment. To evaluate synergistic effects of rmhTRAIL and 17-AAG, the Q-value was calculated using King's formula. Results: rmhTRAIL exhibited significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner (>50%), whereas U266 cells were not sensitive to rmhTRAIL (<50%). 17-AAG inhibited the proliferation of RPMI8226 and U266 cells in a dose-dependent manner (>80%). Significant synergistic effects of rmhTRAIL and 17-AAG on the proliferation of RPMI8226 cells were revealed (Q-value > 1.15), whereas synergistic effects were not evident on the proliferation of U266 cells (Q-value < 1.15). rmhTRAIL and 17-AAG exhibited significant synergistic effects on apoptosis of RPMI8226 and U266 cells (Q-value > 1.15). Conclusion: The combined application of rmhTRAIL and 17-AAG revealed favorable synergistic effects in the treatment of MM.

Regularization of closed positive currents and intersection theory

Abstract We prove the existence of a closed regularization of the integration current associated to an effective analytic cycle, with a bounded negative part. By means of the King formula, we are reduced to regularize a closed differential form with L1 loc coefficients, which by extension has a test value on any positive current with the same support as the cycle. As a consequence, the restriction of a closed positive current to a closed analytic submanifold is well defined as a closed positive current. Lastly, given a closed smooth differential (qʹ, qʹ)-form on a closed analytic submanifold, we prove the existence of a closed (qʹ, qʹ)-current having a restriction equal to that differential form. After blowing up we deal with the case of a hypersurface and then the extension current is obtained as a solution of a linear differential equation of order 1.

Critical appraisal of discriminant formulas for distinguishing thalassemia from iron deficiency in patients with microcytic anemia.

Many discriminant formulas have been reported for distinguishing thalassemia trait from iron deficiency in patients with microcytic anemia. Independent verification of several discriminant formulas is deficient or even lacking. Therefore, we have retrospectively investigated discriminant formulas in a large, well-characterized patient population. The investigational population consisted of 2664 patients with microcytic anemia: 1259 had iron deficiency, 1196 'pure' thalassemia trait (877 β- and 319 α-thalassemia), 150 had thalassemia trait with concomitant iron deficiency or anemia of chronic disease, and 36 had other diseases. We investigated 25 discriminant formulas that only use hematologic parameters available on all analyzers; formulas with more advanced parameters were disregarded. The diagnostic performance was investigated using ROC analysis. The three best performing formulas were the Jayabose (RDW index), Janel (11T), and Green and King formulas. The differences between them were not statistically significant (p>0.333), but each of them had significantly higher area under the ROC curve than any other formula. The Jayabose and Green and King formulas had the highest sensitivities: 0.917 both. The highest specificity, 0.925, was found for the Janel formula, which is a composite score of 11 other formulas. All investigated formulas performed significantly better in distinguishing β- than α-thalassemia from iron deficiency. In our patient population, the Jayabose RDW index, the Green and King formula and the Janel 11T score are superior to all other formulas examined for distinguishing between thalassemia trait and iron deficiency anemia. We confirmed that all formulas perform much better in β- than in α-thalassemia carriers and also that they incorrectly classify approximately 30% of thalassemia carriers with concomitant other anemia as not having thalassemia. The diagnostic performance of even the best formulas is not high enough for making a final thalassemia diagnosis, but in countries with limited resources, they can be helpful in identifying those patients who need further examinations for genetic anemia.

Study of the effects in vitro of berberine combined with bortezomib on multiple myeloma cell line U266 cells

目的探讨小檗碱与硼替佐米联合对多发性骨髓瘤（MM）细胞增殖及诱导细胞凋亡的作用及其可能的机制。方法以MM细胞株U266细胞为研究对象，以小檗碱和硼替佐米作用后，采用MTT法检测其对U266细胞增殖的影响，采用流式细胞术检测其对U266细胞凋亡的影响，采用ELISA法检测其对细胞caspase-3、-8、-9表达的影响，采用Western blot法检测其对细胞Fas相关死亡结构域蛋白（FADD）、TNF受体相关死亡域蛋白（TRADD）表达的影响。采用金（正均）氏公式计算协同系数Q值分析两药的协同作用。结果①两药单独作用时对U266细胞增殖的抑制作用均呈时间、剂量依赖关系；小檗碱（20 µmol/L）与硼替佐米（5 nmol/L）联合作用对U266细胞增殖具有协同抑制作用（Q值为1.31~1.65）。②无论单独用药还是联合用药，与对照组比较，用药组早期凋亡细胞的比例均显著增加（P值均<0.05）；两药联合对U266细胞具有协同促进凋亡的作用（作用6、12 h, Q值分别为0.896和1.197）。③两药联合应用后U266细胞caspase-3、-8、-9、表达水平均较对照组、单药组明显增加，差异有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。④两药联合应用（24、48 h）后U266细胞TRADD（0.91±0.01、0.70±0.01）、FADD（0.98±0.01、0.98±0.01）蛋白水平均较对照组（0.54±0.01、0.41±0.01）明显增加，差异有统计学意义（P值均<0.05）。结论小檗碱联合硼替佐米可协同促进MM细胞凋亡，这种作用可能是通过上调TRADD及FADD蛋白表达水平而实现的。

Predictors of Thalassaemia Carriers in Trinidad and Tobago

Objective: To determine possible predictors of thalassaemia carriers among prospective blood donors in Trinidad and TobagoBackground: Thalassaemias are prevalent in India, South-East Asia, Mediterannean, Middle East and respective migrants. Trinidad ad Tobago (TT) has 1.3million people (34.2% African origin, 35.4% Indian origin, 22.8% mixed heritage, (and the rest include Caucasian, Chinese and indigenous people). DNA analysis for thalassaemia diagnosis/neonatal/population screening is not routinely available. Simple inexpensive thalassaemia predictors are needed. The main indicator is microcytosis, the commonent differential of which is Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA). Tiwari(2009), showed 5.4% microcytosis among Indian blood donors. (52%-IDA, 36%-Beta-thalassaemia trait, 8%-mixture of both, 4% neither). Combinations of RBC-parameters improve discriminative powers (Urechaga, 2013). No similar studies have been done in TT.Design and Methods: 460 prospective blood donors were screened for microcytosis (MCV<83fL) by performing a CBC using a Sysmex XE-2100. Microcytic samples further had blood film analysis, iron studies, haemoglobin electrophoresis, haemoglonin F/A2 quantification, and DNA analysis for thalassaemia mutations. SPSS stastitical analysis was performed to determine predictors of thalassaemia trait. Variables tested were ethnicity, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RBC (RCC), RDW-SD, and RDW-CV. Mathematical formulae were also used ie the Mentzer, Shine and Lal, Green and King, and Srivastava Indicies.Results: 86(18.7%) subjects had microcytosis. 44 of these had DNA results. 22(50%) had MCV between 80-83fL. 31(70.5%) had thalassaemia trait: 25(80.6%) with genotype -α/αα, 4(12.9%) α-/α-(all α3.7), one IVS I-5 G/C and one IVSII-666 T/C. The MCV, RDW-SD and RDW-CV were useful in predicting thalassaemia trait. RDW-SD identified 30(96.8%) of the 31 carriers, the Green and King formula identified 27 (87.1%), and Ricerca index identified all 31.Conclusion: MCV, RDW-SD, Green and King formula and Ricerca index may be useful predictors of thalassaemia trait in Trinidad and Tobago. A higher cut off for MCV (83fL as opposed to the 72fL or 78fL usually used for screening purposes), improves the thalassaemia-trait pick up rate.(Acknowledgments: aMarie-D Hardy-Dessource, bChristian Saint-Martin, aMarc Romana - (aINSERM S_763, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe: bLaboratoire de l'Unité transversale de la Drépanocytose, CHU de Pointe-à-Pitre, Pointe-à-Pitre, Guadeloupe) DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Segre numbers, a generalized King formula, and local intersections

Abstract Let 𝒥 {{\mathcal{J}}} be an ideal sheaf on a reduced analytic space X with zero set Z. We show that the Lelong numbers of the restrictions to Z of certain generalized Monge–Ampère products (d d c d^{c} log | f | 2 |f|^{2} ) k )^{k} , where f is a tuple of generators of 𝒥 {{\mathcal{J}}} , coincide with the so-called Segre numbers of 𝒥 {{\mathcal{J}}} , introduced independently by Tworzewski, Achilles–Manaresi, and Gaffney–Gassler. More generally we show that these currents satisfy a generalization of the classical King formula that takes into account fixed and moving components of Vogel cycles associated with 𝒥 {{\mathcal{J}}} . A basic tool is a new calculus for products of positive currents of Bochner–Martinelli type. We also discuss connections to intersection theory.

Green functions, Segre numbers, and King’s formula

Let 𝒥 be a coherent ideal sheaf on a complex manifold X with zero set Z, and let G be a plurisubharmonic function such that G=log|f|+𝒪(1) locally at Z, where f is a tuple of holomorphic functions that defines 𝒥. We give a meaning to the Monge-Ampère products (dd c G) k for k=0,1,2,..., and prove that the Lelong numbers of the currents M k 𝒥 :=1 Z (dd c G) k at x coincide with the so-called Segre numbers of J at x, introduced independently by Tworzewski, Gaffney-Gassler, and Achilles-Manaresi. More generally, we show that M k 𝒥 satisfy a certain generalization of the classical King formula.

Effect of combination of rapamycin and cisplatin on human cervical carcinoma Hela cells

Aim of the studyTo evaluate the effect of combined use of rapamycin and cisplatin against Hela cells in vitro.Material and methodsThe inhibitory effects of rapamycin and cisplatin, used alone or combination, on the proliferation of Hela cell were measured with MTT assay and median-effect plot analysis.ResultsCombined use of rapamycin and cisplatin significantly improved the chemotherapeutic effect against Hela cells. The inhibitory rates were dose-dependent. Rapamycin and cisplatin showed synergistic effects in the chemotherapy of Hela cells (q > 1.15, King's formula).ConclusionsCombined use of rapamycin and cisplatin significantly improves the chemotherapeutic effect against Hela cells.

Evaluation of the diagnostic reliability of different RBC indices and formulas in the differentiation of the β‐thalassaemia minor from iron deficiency in Palestinian population

Beta-thalassaemia minor and iron deficiency are the most common causes of microcytosis and/or hypochromasia. The present study evaluates the diagnostic reliability of different RBC indices and formulas, as well as our proposed formula, in the differentiation of the beta-thalassaemia minor from iron deficiency in Palestinian population. Complete blood count (CBC) parameters of 2196 certainly diagnosed (1272 beta-thalassaemia minor and 924 iron deficiency) samples were used to evaluate the following indices and formulas: Bessman index (RDW), Mentzer formula (MCV/RBC), England and Fraser formula (MCV - RBC - 5 x Hb- 3.4), Shine and Lal formula (MCV2 x MCH/100), Ehsani formula (MCV-10 x RBC), Srivastava formula (MCH/RBC), Green and King formula (MCV2 x RDW/Hb x 100), red distribution width index RDWI (RDW x MCV/RBC), RDW/RBC, as well as our formula (MCV-RBC -3 x Hb). For each index and formula, the receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to calculate the area under the curve (AUC), in addition, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios were calculated. No significant differences were reported between our formula, Green-King formula and the RDWI (P > 0.05) in discriminating beta-thalassaemia minor from iron deficiency (AUC = 0.914, 0.909 and 0.907 respectively). However, the three indices and formula showed the highest efficiencies and they were significantly (P < 0.05) better than the others in the discrimination efficiency . It was concluded that our formula, Green-King formula and the RDWI provided the highest reliabilities in differentiating beta-thalassaemia minor from iron deficiency in Palestinian population while Bessman index was poor and ineffective for that purpose.

Fabrication and characterization of innovative gas flow sensor

A hot-wire type flow sensor, as one arm of Wheatstone's bridge, is proposed using gold plated tungsten wire with innovative base material (soft ferrite) and geometry to enhance the mechanical stability and lifetime. The bridge excitation current is varied from 100 to 210 mA and the performance is tested using air as a flow gas. The flow sensor is calibrated for hydrogen (H 2) and carbon dioxide (CO 2). King's formula, which is comprehensively used in hot-wire anemometry, is verified for both the gases. The gas having higher thermal conductivity and lower molecular weight gives better response. This sensor can be used as flow gas analyzer. Response time of the sensor for this base material is few seconds. The repeatability and accuracy of the sensor is within ±1 and ±2% of full range (1–14 lpm), respectively.

Résidus dans le cas non nécessairement intersection complète

We get explicitly a decomposition of Serre–Grothendieck residue type for the integration current associated to an irreducible analytic subset of an open subset of the affine space. To this end we begin with proving a generalized King formula: by blowing up we are led to the Poincaré–Lelong formula. The formula that we obtain which also follows from the Siu decomposition formula for closed positive currents, allows us to extend to the general case formulas for the current of integration already known in the case of a complete intersection, such as the Berenstein–Yger formula using the Gelfand–Atiyah–Kashiwara meromorphic continuation and the Coleff–Herrera–Passare formula with residual integrals.

The density profiles of 18 galaxy clusters

Abstract The surface number density profiles were determined for 18 galaxy clusters, counting galaxies in circular and elliptical rings. The King formula was fitted to the profiles. The χ2-test shows that better fits are given for the elliptical than circular rings. Moreover, some secondary maxima observed for circular profiles disappeared in elliptical counts. The secondary maxima on density profiles are mainly due to subclustering inside clusters.

Dwarf spheroidal galaxies and non-Newtonian gravity

view Abstract Citations (54) References (29) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies and Non-Newtonian Gravity Gerhard, Ortwin E. ; Spergel, David N. Abstract We derive a virial theorem and an analog for King's formula in modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND; Milgrom 1983) and use these to estimate the mass-to-light ratios (M/Ls) in MOND of the dwarf spheroidal galaxies in the Local Group. We find that the low-velocity dispersion observed in the Fornax dwarf galaxy implies low values for its M/L in MOND: 0.3-1. In particular the derived value in the core of Fornax (0.3) is much lower than expected for a normal old stellar population. Conversely, the velocity-dispersion measurements in Draco and Ursa Minor appear to still require dark matter in MOND. We show that M/L must vary between the dwarf spheroidals around the Galaxy by a factor of order at least 20, even in MOND. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: September 1992 DOI: 10.1086/171763 Bibcode: 1992ApJ...397...38G Keywords: Dark Matter; Dwarf Galaxies; Elliptical Galaxies; Galactic Clusters; Mass To Light Ratios; Galactic Evolution; Gravitation Theory; Kinematics; Metallicity; Astrophysics; COSMOLOGY: DARK MATTER; GALAXIES: ELLIPTICAL AND LENTICULAR; CD; GALAXIES: KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS; GRAVITATION full text sources ADS | data products SIMBAD (5) NED (5)

King's formula for the mutation load with epistasis.

A formula by J. L. King gives the equilibrium mutation load as L = 2 sigma ui(1 - qi)/z - x) in which ui is the mutation rate to deleterious alleles at the ith locus, qi is the frequency of mutant alleles at this locus, x is the mean number of such mutant genes per individual before selection, z is the mean number in individuals eliminated by selection, and the summation is over all relevant loci. We show that this rule is inaccurate for intense selection and that a correct formula is L = 2 sigma ui(1 - qi) w/(z - x) = 2U w/(z - x) = 2U/(z - x + 2U) in which U is the mean number of new mutations per haploid genome in the population and w is the mean relative fitness before selection. If w/(z - x) less than 1/2, the mutation load is less than the Haldane value (U less than or equal to L less than or equal to 2U) and can be considerably less. In a diploid asexual population, however, with independent occurrence of mutations, L = 1 - e-2U regardless of the mode of selection.

Study on Coolant Void Reactivity of Pressure-Tube-Type Heavy Water Lattice by the Substitution Method

Using the substitution method combined with the pulsed neutron techniques, coolant void reactivities of PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/ fuel lattices in pressure-tube-type heavy water reactors have been determined as functions of PuO/sub 2/ enrichment in PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/(0.54 and 0.87 wt%), fissile content of plutonium (91 and 75% fissile plutonium), lattice pitch (V/sub m//V/sub f/: 7.4 and 9.9), and coolant void fraction (0, 30, 70, 87 and 100%). The reference loading of 1.2 wt% enriched UO/sub 2/ clusters was progressively replaced by PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/ test clusters. The void reactivities were obtained from Simmons King's formula in which correction was made for a change of the prompt generation time. As decay constants can be maintained invariable due to substitution, buckling differences were analyzed by the first-order perturbation method, on the assumption that lattices are homogeneous and no difference in diffusion coefficients exists between the two lattices. Void reactivities of test lattices were determined with an accuracy of --10% when the minimum number of test fuel clusters was -- 5% of the total. The void reactivity shifted farther to the negative side as the proportion of fissile plutonium was increasingly in the PuO/sub 2/-UO/sub 2/ fuel of the same enrichment of plutonium.

Estimating the central densities of stellar systems

view Abstract Citations (26) References (14) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS Estimating the Central Densities of Stellar Systems Merritt, David Abstract The sensitivity of King's (1966) core-fitting formula to velocity anisotropy is discussed. For stable, spherical models, King's formula can overestimate the central density by at least 50 percent. For nonspherical models, the error can be 150 percent or more. In all cases, the sensitivity of the core-fitting formula to anisotropy can be reduced somewhat if velocity dispersions are averaged over the inner one or two core radii. Publication: The Astronomical Journal Pub Date: February 1988 DOI: 10.1086/114648 Bibcode: 1988AJ.....95..496M Keywords: Density Distribution; Mass To Light Ratios; Star Distribution; Stellar Cores; Stellar Systems; Velocity Distribution; Anisotropy; Computational Astrophysics; Stellar Models; Astrophysics; STARS: STELLAR DYNAMICS full text sources ADS |

On exponential approximation

One has to find a real function $y(x_1,x_2,\dots ,x_n)$ of variables $x_i$, $i=1,2,\dots,x_n). If the distribution of the values has an exponential character, then it is of advantage to choose the approximation function in the form $y(x;i)=\Pi^p_{j=0}a(i^j)^{\Pi(x_1,\dots,x_n)}$ which gives better results than other functions (e.g. polynomials). In this paper 3 methods are given: 1. The least squares method adapted for the exponential behaviour of the function. 2. The cumulated values method, following the so-called King's formula. 3. The polynomial method mentioned only for comparison. A numerical example is given in which the accuracy of all the three methods is compared.