Sriwijaya Kingdom Research Articles

Geomorphological survey at Padang Candi, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Central Sumatra, Indonesia

Padang Candi site in the Kuantan Singingi Regency of Riau Province, located about 19.3 km southwest of Taluk city, and about 3 km northeast of Lubuk Jambi. In the year 2000s, some archaeological stuff have been found at Padang Candi, among others, various sized of bricks as a raw material for building construction, and some gold plate with scrip. It is presumed those stuffs had a connection with the Sriwijaya Kingdom between AD 800. The goal of the paper is to gain a spectrum of understanding about the assemblages of bricks as a raw material for building construction was found, on three sites that are at Sector-I (sec-I), and the others in small quantities were found at Sector-II (sec-II) and Sector-III (sec-III) on the basis of geomorphological study. This study involves the geomorphological investigation of the area at the scale of 1:2000. In terms of geomorphology, the landscape at Padang Candi consists of two units, namely, the Floodplain Unit formed by Quaternary river alluvium (Qal), and the Low Hilly Unit composed by Tuff Unit as a part of the Miocene Telisa Formation (Tmtu). Sector-I (sec-I) situated on the relatively higher isolated hilly than sec-II and sec-III. The area westward of sec-II might be remains of ancient settlement, and there is trench-like morphology found eastward of sec-I. In the matter of sec-1 which is situated on isolated hilly, evoke a curiosity about the status of building construction at sec-I. The presence of the trench-like morphology also gives arises of curiosity about its function. Those matter should be a consideration by archaeologist when do next excavation and study, including the area which is supposed as an ancient settlement.

KEBERAGAMAN MASYARAKAT DAN TOLERANSI BERAGAMA DALAM SEJARAH KERAJAAN SRIWIJAYA (SUATU ANALISIS HISTORIS DALAM BIDANG SOSIAL, BUDAYA, EKONOMI DAN AGAMA)

The kingdom of Sriwijaya was known as the greatest protector and follower of Buddhism in the archipelago of his time. The diversity of society, race and religion make Sriwijaya truly able to maintain peace, diversity and tolerance among religious people.. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diversity of society in the kingdom of Sriwijaya in various aspects of life, tolerance among religious communities between Buddhism, Islam and Hinduism, and the factors emergence of life tolerance in the kingdom of Srivijaya. The method used is historical method. The steps in historical methods include heuristics (data collection / source), verification (selection or source criticism), interpretation (historical interpretation) and the last is historiography (historical writing). This research explains the diversity of society in the Sriwijaya kingdom from indigenous peoples, Arabs, Indians and Chinese, and the foreign community is in the kingdom of Sriwijaya due to economic factors and they enter by trade. The diversity of the people in the kingdom of Sriwijaya is highly protected by the king of Sriwijaya kingdom so there is no emphasis, murder, threats from the king of Sriwijaya kingdom unless they do the rebellion will be burned. The king of the kingdom of Sriwijaya felt happy and respected the diversity of his people. The king of the kingdom of Sriwijaya is open to strangers, loving peace based on the unreliability of leadership in accordance with his Buddhist teachings. Such conditions have an impact on the policy of the king of Sriwijaya kingdom in addressing a difference in running beliefs and religions such as Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism and local beliefs. Sriwijaya highly upholds religious tolerance as depicted on the Hindu temple site Bumiayu temple, the arrival andsettlement of Muslim traders in the kingdom of Sriwijaya, so that the kingdom of Sriwijaya sent a letter to the Umayyads to request the sending of a mubaleq as king's adviser. All these evidences depict the king of the kingdom of Sriwijaya very tolerant of other religions.

River and Civilization in Sumatera’s Historical Perspective in The 7th to 14th Centuries

The study of the relationship of civilization and the river as a natural path resulting from the interaction process between hydrological behaviors with the surface of the earth, vary over time and strongly influenced by the nature of the river, river function, and human behavior in the effort to utilize the river and its resources. The dynamics of water flow and river sediments are not only influenced by natural behavior, but also human behavior or activity. All living things that exist on earth also need a river, including humans. Rivers are often controlled to be more useful or reduce their negative impact on human activities. The benefits of the river for human life are very important and vital, for an example to retain water, to flow the water downstream, the source of sustenance, and the river is often considered as a place for contemplation, relaxation, and even to get enlightenment. It has long been acknowledged that the river became the beginning for the emerge and the development of a civilization, both in the perspective of "A Hydraulic Empire Civilization" and "The Cradle of Civilization". According to the spirit of the time (zeitgeist), humans began to develop technology in the growth areas around the river, the dam was built to control the water flow, to store water or produce energy; the embankment is designed to prevent the river from flowing over flood border; canals are built to connect rivers for transfer the water or navigation. The development of settlements and cultural centers between the 7th and 14th centuries in Sumatera Island cannot be separated from the existence of the Musi River, Batang Hari, Siak, and Kampar River. In that period left a very clear historical trail, namely the kingdom of Sriwijaya as a maritime kingdom, Bahal, Muara Takus Temple, and Muaro Jambi temple.

The study of history based on local antiquity: A case study of existence of Kampar River in analyzing the past maritime in teaching history

This paper describes the history-based learning local history, which takes the case of the existence of the Kampar River as local aspects in the learning of the maritime history in Indonesia. The data obtained through the triangulation by collecting interviews, observation, documentation study and refered to articles, journals, textbooks and data other documents in the library that supported the teaching of history based on local history in the analyzing of maritime history in Indonesia, then it was investigated and drawn as a conclusion that the Kampar River was able to be used as the study of history in the local context in understanding of the teaching history in Indonesia related to maritime history. The results in this study show that first, Kampar River is a river that is loaded with historical events of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya, The Kingdom of Islamic until the independence of Indonesia. Second, the existence of Kampar River as a aspect of emergence of history / local aspect which is able to be used as information about the maritime historyto the learners. For learning process, it involves local aspects of learners to connect, internalize and develop cooperation in analyzing of the concept aspects practicely in teaching maritime history. The concept of local history-based teaching history is contextually-learning learning concept that emphasizes the relevance of teaching materials with real world of learners. The existence of Kampar River is a means emergence of history / local aspect can be used as information about the maritime history to assist in the understanding of teaching maritime history on the learner, for learning involving local aspects for learners to connect, internalize and develop cooperation in analyzing aspects of the concept to praxis in teaching maritime history. The concept of local history-based teaching history is contextually-learning learning concept that emphasizes the relevance of teaching materials with real world of learners. The existence of Kampar River is a means emergence of history / local aspect can be used as information about the maritime history to assist in the understanding of teaching maritime history on the learner, for learning involving local aspects for learners to connect, internalize and develop cooperation in analyzing aspects of the concept practically in learning the maritime history. The concept of local history-based learning is contextually-learning that emphasizes the relevance of teaching materials with real world of learners.

PERAN DAKWAH HABIB HASAN AL MUNAWAR PADA KULINER DAN ADAT KEBIASAAN KOTA PALEMBANG-SUMATERA SELATAN

Al-Munawar is one of the names of an Arab village in Palembang city, which is on the outskrirts of the river Musi precisely in the 13 Ulu area of Palembang. Al Munawar Arab village set by Department of Tourism and Culture of South Sumatera Province as one of the historical and religious tourism destination. History tells, the formation of the village begins from the commerce of Sriwijaya kingdom until period between the collapse of Sriwijaya kingdom and the emergence of Palembang Sultanate that is 1500-1700 M. In the beginning, the immigrants who are brokers are not allowed to live in the land of Sriwijaya so they living on the outskirts and the moving to house above the Musi riverbanks, living in groups by maintaining the tradition of the origin culture. One such resident is Habib Hasan Al Munawar. Along with the existance of his descendants in the city of Palembang, causing Palembang has a culinary, how to serve and how to culinary different cuisines. The purpose of this study is :1. Identify culture and culinary of the descendants of Al Munawar in Palembang, 2. Identify the culinary linkages of the Al Munawar tribes in the village of Al Munawar Palembang, 3. Knowing of the role of Habib Hasan in the customs of Palembang people to eat culinary.

DAMPAK KEKUASAAN MARITIM SRIWIJAYA TERHADAP MASUKNYA PEDAGANG MUSLIM DI PALEMBANG ABAD VII-IX MASEHI

Research in title “The impact of Sriwijaya Maritime Power toward the Entrance of Muslim Trade in Palembang in VII-IX Century” is based on the power of Sriwijaya maritime that dominated all of the International trade voyage path which was sailed by the foreign merchant including Arabic Muslim traders. The Arabic Muslim traders which sailed and traded to China must go across trade voyage paths of Sriwijaya, thus, the merchants stopped over in the Kingdom center of Sriwijaya located in Palembang. The objective of the study is to analyze the history of development of Sriwijaya’s maritime power, analyzing the sailing and trading path and the relationship of Sriwijaya and the foreign country, and the impact of Sriwijaya’s maritime power toward the entrance of Muslimtraders in Palembang in VII-IX century. This study is in the form of Qualitative research design which is library research., by analyzing thoroughly every single relevant literature. The approach of the research is by using historical method approach which are, heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiograsion, and politicoligist and economologist scholarship. Moreover, the source of the data were primer and seconder data. Data collection technique as heuristic and verification. To analyze the data, it was used interpretation, then it was conducted the last step that was historyografy or a writing of history. This research concludes that the history of development of Sriwijaya appearing as the ruler of the largest maritime power in Nusantara was supported by their great army and a management of a strong and respected leader.Sriwijaya easily controlled strategic shipping paths, such as the Strait of Malacca, Bangka Strait, Sunda Strait, Karimata Strait, and all shipping lanes in the Nusantara.The condition of the shipping Routes initially frightened Muslim traders, because of the large number of pirates, having successfully controlled by Sriwijaya's maritime power, it became safe and comfortable to go through. And it was required to stop at the harbor or in the center of Sriwijaya Kingdom located in Palembang. In addition, Sriwijaya's relationships with foreign countries, namely Arab, India, China were carried out by Sriwijaya for the recognition of sovereignty and Sriwijaya's power strengthening in the trade shipping paths. Sriwijaya with its maritime power and cooperating with the Sea People to secure the cruise line to the center of Sriwijaya from pirates as well as increasing the confidence of Muslim traders both in trade and security guarantees on the way back from the center of Sriwijaya and access for Muslim traders in the process of Islamization through trade routes in the territory of Sriwijaya kingdom.

KARAKTERISTIK PERMUKIMAN DI TEPIAN SUNGAI

Musi River is the lifeblood of Palembang’s resident since the day kingdom of Sriwijaya. The existence of the Musi river becomes important in public life Palembang’s of resident. . Palembang city grow and develop from the banks of the Musi river. It can be seen from the structure of spatial and settlement and patterns of social life of the people which were originally all the old village oriented to the river and make the river as part of the livelihood changes and moves away from the river. Its resulted in morphological changes of space Palembang which originally Musi river as the front into the rear. As is general, the banks of the river into a desenly populated area and tend rundown. This condition is one of the causes few problems. Therefore, this research takes place on the banks of the Musi river whick crosses the city of Palembnag. This study of the research uses quaoitative research process to produce descriptive data in the form of words orspoken as a from of policy. This research’s approach is rationalistic with comparative theory settlements. This research is a study of the characteristics of settlement patterns by looking at the structure of the settelement pattern is an orientation initially Musi river settelement patterns that change with the development of infrastructure.

THE KINGDOM OF SRIWIJAYA IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ISLAMIC CIVILIZATION AND THE ECONOMY IN NUSANTARA BEFORE 1500 AD

This study focuses attention on the history of the Sriwijaya Kingdom which is the oldest kingdom in the Malay Land and is considered as the kingdom with the greatest maritime power in the middle of the 7th century. As a former large empire, the inscriptions of the Sriwijaya Kingdom were valued by many researchers as very little compared to the kingdoms on Java. This makes it difficult for researchers when going to explore the traces of the history of standing and traces of his government. The expansion of the entire archipelago territory by the Sriwijaya Kingdom was not only in the context of expanding the territory but also had economic motives and controlled the international trade routes. This study also discusses the economic development, civilization, and the process of entry of Islam in Sriwijaya until the emergence of an Islamic political entity that came to be known as the Palembang Darussalam Sultanate.

PENENTUAN OBJEK WISATA, OBJEK KULINER SERTA AKOMODASI DISEKITAR PENGGUNA DIKOTA PALEMBANG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA EUCLIDEAN DISTANCE

Palembang is the capital of South Sumatera province, Which has been well known of the great kingdom of sriwijaya. therefore this places been one of destination people tourism which full of the historical and culture heritage. In generally tourism has definition as a journey in which short stay are made at a number of places, and traveler finally return to his or her own place.A Tourism is supported by some elements such as accommodation, food objects and tourism objects. While many tourism object hard to get to access a lot of information about tourism that make the tourists confused to find because of the lack of information for traveling, therefor to overcome these problems the writer made an application to the tourism city of Palembang-based android that can help determine the existing tourist destinations around the users in town by using Euclidean Distance algorithm.The application is accessed through the support of mobile Google Map and Google API using GPS (Global Positioning System) which was built on the Android platform. In the system of the author will be built using the model Prototype. This method is the one of development of the system where the results of the analysis division applied directly into a model without having to wait for the completion of the entire system is analyzed. As well as the role of distance euclidean algorithm which can be used to calculate the distance between the object and the tourism and compare the results of the calculations of some object, so it can provide recommendations about the objects.Keywords: Algoritm, Android, EuclideanDistance,Tourism

Menyingkap Situs "Koto Rayo", Pemukiman Kuno di Tepi Sungai Tabir Jambi

Sumatra Island have high civilization in the past, especially through The Kingdom of Sriwijaya that controled and dominated all around this island and most of South East Asia territories. One area of the Kingdom Sriwijaya’s territory in Sumatra Island is Jambi, that have many Kingdoms of Melayu before. ‘Koto Rayo’ that located at side of Tabir River may be one of the civilization that connected with history of Kingdoms of Melayu Jambi and Kingdom of Sriwijaya in the past. Because, the remnants of the past about Koto Rayo, like red bricks, are very resemble with red bricks of temple in other area at Jambi (Muaro Jambi Temple) and many stories about this site are connected with history of Jambi in the past. This article discusses about ‘Koto Rayo’, an ancient settlement at side of Tabir River. This site has been kept secret of Jambi and history that haven in this area in the past. Kata Kunci: Sumatra, Sriwijaya, Melayu, Jambi, Civilization, Koto Rayo.