King Of Sweden Research Articles

Discovery of the Northeast Passage: the voyage of the VEGA, 1878?1879

On the evening of September 2, 1879, a small, black vessel, flying the Swedish flag, anchored in the harbor of Yokohama, Japan. Two men were taken ashore by the small barkass of the vessel, they went straight to the telegraph station, anxious to send a telegram to Europe. clerk told them that, because of floods in Siberia, the telegram would have to be sent via India, and the two men did not have enough cash to pay the high cost of the message. A European standing in the telegraph office then introduced himself as the Russian consul in Yokohama, and the two men in turn introduced themselves: Adolf Erik Nordenskiold was the leader of the Swedish expedition aboard the vessel, Vega, Louis Palander, a Swedish naval officer, was the vessel's skipper. Russian diplomat, delighted to meet these two distinguished travellers, offered to advance the cost of the wire, and the message was sent to Oscar II, King of Sweden and Norway, in Stockholm: The Swedish expedition sends greetings to their high patron. Program fulfilled. Northeast Passage executed. An ocean opened to navigation without loss of a single man, without illness, and without damage to the vessel. One of the last great sea voyages of all time thus came to a successful conclusion. A small, steam-driven vessel, manned by thirty men, accomplished a feat that Europeans have attempted many times during the previous three centuries, a sea voyage from Europe past the shores of Siberia to Bering Strait and the Pacific. Few people outside Sweden paid much attention to the departure of for its epochal voyage, in July, 1878. Its return from Japan, sailing around much of the Old World through the South China Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Suez Canal, the Mediterranean, and the Atlantic was reported by the world's press in detail. Vega's arrival in Stockholm, on April 24, 1880, is still celebrated by a formal lecture and dinner, and by the day called Vega Day in the Swedish calendar. practical results of the voyage at the time were few, occasional sailings from Europe to the Arctic harbors and river mouths of Siberia. But its long-range implications are very much evident to-day, when the Northern Seaway of the Soviet Union, from Europe via Siberia to the Pacific, isa going c ncern. Reading the report on the voyage one is struck by the lack of high adventure, by the comfort the men aboard enjoyed during a long Siberian winter when the ship was frozen in, by the perfectly routine occupations of scientists, officers, and crew pursued during extreme climatic conditions. expedition remains one of the most successful Arctic voyages of all time, and one of the first voyages when scientific concerns had a higher priority than the excitement of being first. credit for this must go to the organizer, Adolf Nordenskiold, who summed it up in this way, some years after his return: am not a hero. I was not interested in reaching the North Pole. I was merely concerned with finding the way to the Orient, getting my men and myself over there and back home. I am only a practical geographer. Adolf Nordenskiold, the man who organized and commanded the remarkable expedition to the Northeast Pa sage, was a native of Finland. When he was born, in 1832, Finland was part of the Russian Empire, though it retained many of the traditions of Swedish rule that ended in 1809. Nordenskiolds, like the majority of the intellectual, commercial and political leaders of Finland came originally from Sweden, and though they had lived in Finland for well over a century, they had retained ties with the country of their forebears. family was distinguished by members who made their name in the arts and sciences: Adolf Nordenskiold's father

Great Historical Events That Were Significantly Affected by the Weather: 3, The Cold Winter of 1657–58, The Swedish Army Crosses Denmark's Frozen Sea Areas

Abstract In the summer of 1657, Denmark launched hostile actions against Sweden. Charles X, king of Sweden, who at the time was engaged in a war in Poland, marched his army at great speed to Jutland, the westernmost part of Denmark. The conquest of Jutland was completed in November 1657, but in the absence of an adequate naval force, Charles X could not carry his campaign to Zealand, the island on which Copenhagen is situated. Unexpectedly, the severe winter of 1657–58 came to his aid. In February 1658 the Little Belt (separating Jutland from the island of Funen) as well as the Great Belt (separating Funen from Zealand) froze over completely and, apparently, to a sufficient depth that the Swedish Army was able to cross over the frozen sea areas from Jutland to Zealand and force the Danes to sue for peace. Ice also played a major role in earlier Scandinavian history. Some excerpts are cited from contemporary literature (and diaries) describing the harshness of the winter of 1657–58 in other European countr...

Notices

Notices Cecilia Sternberg, TL· Journey: An Autobiography. New York: Dial Press, 1977. 576 pp. $12.50. The journey takes Cecilia Sternberg, with husband and daughter, from a beleaguered life in Czechoslovakia under the Nazis and the Communists; through a fresh start in the United States; on to Jamaica, where her husband dies; and back to England, the land of her birth. Good autobiography requires an arresting narrator, with a complex personality relating events which are either intrinsically gripping or are made so by the biographer. Cecilia Sternberg's life has apparently always been polarized. An aristocrat in a world where the qualities of the aristocracy have become irrelevant, she is aware that most of her crowd are functionally archaic. Symptomatically, a social schizophrenia affects the most honest among them. More honest than most, the author combines numerous oppositions in her point of view: she is fastidious and coarse; mischievous and responsible; snobbish and democratic; and so on, depending on her needs. And she is critically proud of her romantic and mercurial vacillations. Certainly, these are part of her human appeal. A more consistent and homogenous person would have emerged as a pathetic, ultimately boring refugee rather than a vital, if unpredictable, adventurer. The social and psychological ambivalence naturally affects structure and style. Usually the account moves deftly from present or recalled action to reminiscence. But sometimes the narrative texture is erratic: hurried or drawn out. The social politics become tedious or the aaion is rushed. And so with style. The anecdotes are usually witty and sometimes perceptive. The description of the Countess of Ebba's throwing up into the King of Sweden's topper at the races is a 90 biography Vol. 1,No. 4 found poem. At other times, the deadly chattersome grace takes over with its conventional modifiers and we are told of a beauty's nose: "The only imperfect feature in an otherwise flawlessly beautiful face, it added a sort of piquant charm to her good looks." Fortunately, such lapses are not common in this witty account of a social order under terminal care. Bill Cole, John Coltrane. New York: Schirmer Books, 1976. 264 pp. $12.95. A biography of the great sax player. The treatment emphasizes his musical development, but includes some discussion of the forces which sustained his craft. A comprehensive chart of recording dates with personnel and their instruments is appended. Nan Heacock, Crinoline to Calico. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press, 1977. 242 pp. $7.95. A professed fusion of biography and fiction to produce an account of nineteenth-century Iowa life. Dorothy Kemball Walker, Room, Path and Walking Water. New York: Vantage, 1978. 331 pp. $8.95. An account of the author's life at Sea Cairn in Maine over a forty-year period. A. M. F. ...

Constructional Principles for Bow Instruments Applied to Violino Grande, the Five-Stringed New Member of the Violin Family

Constructional principles based on simple and well-known acoustical and mechanical laws and precision handcraft based on careful measurements are of great importance in the production of new bow instruments in order to achieve good resonance and equalization over the whole register and to compensate for much of the effect of the aging qualities observed on old bow instruments. Principles concerning thickness distribution of the plates, dimensioning and placing of the bass bar and sound post, and so on will be described. It has many times been suggested that the old Italian masters used a pore-filling primer to prevent the vanish itself from penetrating the wood. This primer has been identified by paper chromatographic methods. Such an analysis of a sample from a Hill certified old Italian violin will be described and some conclusions drawn. This primer seems to be of more importance to the tonal qualities than the varnish itself. [Research supported by His Majesty Gustaf VI Adolf, King of Sweden.]

Relics Show Their Merits

* Long before Columbus arrived in the Americas, medicine men in Mexico and Peru were forging ahead with brain surgery, cesarian sections, leg amputations and treatment of some diseases still confounding modern science. Examples of pre-Columbian sculpture that may have been teaching models for Stone Age medics have been found by archaeologists and are being exhibited at the National Library of Medicine near Washington. The clay figures are mute testimony to the skill of the primitive as well as the artists who molded them. In some fields, the early Peruvians appear to have been ahead of Civil War surgeons. We only started brain surgery 80 years ago, Dr. Abner I. Weisman of New York Medical College told Science Service. Dr. Weisman loaned his collection for the exhibit. The Peruvians were trephining by cutting a hole in the skull with a sharp stone in primitive times, he said. The surgeon used coca juice to ease the pain, letting it drip from his mouth as he chewed a quid while he worked. The figure on the cover is an example of splinting a broken bone in the upper arm. The headgear is typical of that worn by the Nayarit Indians of Mexico, and the swollen lips are a mark of social prominence among the tribes. Dr. Weisman believes this figure is the only one in America. Among the 131 pieces displayed are some that show the squatting method of bearing children, the presence of syphilis or some other subtropical disease such as yaws, the existence of cancer, dwarfism and other congenital defects. Some of the jug figures in Dr. Weisman's exhibit are examples of water retention rather than of obesity, he believes, although some students have simply called them fat men. Among the collected paraphernalia of the early medicine man of Western Mexico are whistles formed like a dog's head, an owl head, a birdman and a medical inhaler. Dr. Weisman's collection, which has just come from Stockholm, where the King of Sweden introduced it at the Museum of National Antiquity, is to be returned to the owner's private museum in a New York brownstone. Dr. Weisman, a sometime archaeologist as well as a physician, has done some digging himself. But most of his collection was bought or was in the form of personal gifts from Latin American friends. He has been collecting sculpture for 26 years, and his is the largest collection in the United States made up of exclusively medical figures of the pre-Columbian era. The 131 items he is exhibiting are a part of a collection of some 3,000 pieces that date back to 2,000 B.C. Many archeologists agree that, like all other sculpture of that era, medical sculpture was almost always placed in graves, either as a part of the dead person's treasured possessions, or perhaps as an explanation to the gods of the circumstances of illness or death. The viewpoint Dr. Weisman holds, however, is that the sculptures were actually teaching models. As evidence, he points to the graphic representations of the symptoms and signs of malnutrition, deformity, physical and mental illness, the states of pregnancy and childbirth, the techniques of amputation, trephining, and perhaps even cesarian section captured in clay. Figures showing abdominal incision could be either examples of cesarian section or ritual incisions in fulfillment of a vow. But it is likely that in some cases, at least, the purpose was obstetric surgery. Another question that apparently never can be definitely answered is whether there was syphilis before Columbus.

Drottninggravarna i Uppsala domkyrka

Summary This essay deals with two monumental tombs in the Cathedral of Uppsala (one in fragments) which are supposedly of Dutch origin and connected with Colijn de Nole and Cornelis Bos. At the restauration of Uppsala cathedral in 1886 quite a number of decorated stones were discovered at the bottom of a cellar. From a couple of escutcheons on one of the stones and an inscription in the way of an epitaph on another it could be established that these were in fact fragments from two monumental tombs dedicated to the memory of the two first queens of Gustavus Vasa (he married theree times), Katarina of Sachen Lauenburg († 1536) and Margareta Leijonhuvud († 1551). It appeared however that very little was known about these monuments. The old inventories of the cathedral disclosed that 45 pieces emanating from the monuments had been lying on the floor of the Vasa burial chapel towards the end of the 17th and through the 18th century. They had probably been removed to the cellar in 1830 when the floor of the cha...

SOME UNKNOWN PLATES IN ERNST AND ENGRAMELLE'S "PAPILLONS D'EUROPE PEINTS D'APRES NATURE," 1779-1793

The first volume of the Papillom d'Europe began to appear in 1779 with Tome I of Papillom du Jour. It was continued with Tome 2 and three Supplements, all dealing with the Diurna, until 1784, and comprises 343 pages of text (with additions), 84 plates numbered from I to LXXXIV, and 8 plates of the third supplement which appeared in 1784, numbered from I to VIII. Tome 3, which has 38 plates and 132 pages of text, began to appear in 1782 and continued to do so until 1784. It deals with the Sphingidae, the Aegeriidae and the Zygaenidae. The publishers issued a list of subscribers among whom there can be seen the King, Monsieur (to whom the work is dedicated), Madame, Members of the Royal Family, the King of Spain, the King of Sweden, and a goodly company of notabilities including Mile. Clairon, Pensionnaire du Roi. Tome 4, in which the Chenilles, Crisalides et Papillons Phalenes de la classe Premiere are described and figured—that is to say the Lithosiidae, Lasiocampidae, Attacidae, Liparidae, Notodontidae, &c.—was published between 1785 and 1786. It comprises 215 pages of text and 49 plates. With 152 pages of text and 39 plates, Tome 5 continued, from 1786 to 1788 the family of Classe Premiere : Lasiocampidae, Cossidae, Hepialidae, Notodontidae, not forgetting several Noctuids, such as Thalera popularis Fab., Scoliopteryx libatrix L., &c. Tome 6, relating to the Second class followed from 1789 to 1790. This is composed of 177 pages of text and of 47 plates, for the most part relating to the Noctuids, though some of them relate to the Lithosiidae and Amatidae as well. Tome 7, almost entirely devoted to the Noctuids, followed from 1790 to 1792 with 173 pages of text and 48 plates. Then, during the course of Tome 8, after 157 pages of text and 37 plates had been issued from 1792 to 1793, publication ceased in the latter year with Plate CCCXLII. Thus the total number of plates was 350, including those of the third supplement of the Diurna numbered from I to VIII. At the end of Tome 5, that is to say in 1788, the publishers had announced in the following terms, their intention of issuing a supplement to Class I :

The date of Wordsworth's ‘the king of Sweden’

The date of Wordsworth's ‘the king of Sweden’

THE QUINCENTENARY OF LORENZO DEI MEDICI 1449–1949

Many-sidedness was the goal of Renaissance man and no one came nearer to its achievement than Lorenzo dei Medici, the five hundredth anniversary of whose birth was celebrated last year. In the course of his forty-three years of life Lorenzo was the head of an international banking company, the directive force in Itallian politics, a poet of the first rank, and a determining influence in the development of Florentine culture. The exhibitions on view in Florence from May to October, 1949, were designed to illustrate the entire range of his character and interests. They fulfilled their purpose nobly and gave to those who saw them an unforgettable impression of the rich civilization of the Laurentian age. Lorenzo and the Arts formed the subject of the exhibition arranged on the piano nobile of the Palazzo Strozzi, whilst a selection of documents on the floor above illustrated the various phases of Lorenzo's life. The Biblioteca Laurenziana showed a magnificent collection of manuscripts—255 in all—drawn from the Medicean libraries. The organizers of the exhibition in the Palazzo Strozzi cast their nets widely. Side by side with well-known works of art from the Florentine galleries were others obtained from public and private collections throughout Italy and Europe. One of the most attractive of the decorated cassoni, which formed a feature of the exhibition, came from the Worcester Art Gallery. Here an unknown Florentine artist depicts in the spirit of a fairy tale three scenes from the visit of the Emperor Frederick III and his bride to Rome for his coronation in 1452. Francesco Botticini's Portrait of a Youth, which shows his work at its best, was contributed by the King of Sweden. The Earl of Harewood sent a Portrait of a Scholar, generally attributed to Piero di Cosimo, and a charming portrait of a lady of the Sassetti family by Ghirlandaio came from the Metropolitan Museum of New York. As the above examples show, the exhibition was not confined to works of art definitely connected with Lorenzo. Its aim was to illustrate, as a whole, the quality of Florentine art of the Quattrocento. Antonio Pollaiuolo was particularly well represented, in the first place by the profile portrait of a lady from the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan, which, after long controversy as to its authorship, the weight of the evidence assigns to his hand. Some slight justification for the appearance of this master-piece in a Medici exhibition is derived from an inscription found on the back describing the sitter as “uxor Johannis de Bardi.” Among less known works by the same artist were some striking portraits, several bronzes and an exquisite statuette in terracotta from a private Florentine collection. These exhibits did much to substantiate the view taken by the author of the catalogue that Antonio Pollaiuolo was a significant and indeed a dominating influence in Florentine art of the third quarter of the century.

THE QUINCENTENARY OF LORENZO DEI MEDICI 1449–1949

Many-sidedness was the goal of Renaissance man and no one came nearer to its achievement than Lorenzo dei Medici, the five hundredth anniversary of whose birth was celebrated last year. In the course of his forty-three years of life Lorenzo was the head of an international banking company, the directive force in Itallian politics, a poet of the first rank, and a determining influence in the development of Florentine culture. The exhibitions on view in Florence from May to October, 1949, were designed to illustrate the entire range of his character and interests. They fulfilled their purpose nobly and gave to those who saw them an unforgettable impression of the rich civilization of the Laurentian age. Lorenzo and the Arts formed the subject of the exhibition arranged on the piano nobile of the Palazzo Strozzi, whilst a selection of documents on the floor above illustrated the various phases of Lorenzo's life. The Biblioteca Laurenziana showed a magnificent collection of manuscripts—255 in all—drawn from the Medicean libraries. The organizers of the exhibition in the Palazzo Strozzi cast their nets widely. Side by side with well-known works of art from the Florentine galleries were others obtained from public and private collections throughout Italy and Europe. One of the most attractive of the decorated cassoni, which formed a feature of the exhibition, came from the Worcester Art Gallery. Here an unknown Florentine artist depicts in the spirit of a fairy tale three scenes from the visit of the Emperor Frederick III and his bride to Rome for his coronation in 1452. Francesco Botticini's Portrait of a Youth, which shows his work at its best, was contributed by the King of Sweden. The Earl of Harewood sent a Portrait of a Scholar, generally attributed to Piero di Cosimo, and a charming portrait of a lady of the Sassetti family by Ghirlandaio came from the Metropolitan Museum of New York. As the above examples show, the exhibition was not confined to works of art definitely connected with Lorenzo. Its aim was to illustrate, as a whole, the quality of Florentine art of the Quattrocento. Antonio Pollaiuolo was particularly well represented, in the first place by the profile portrait of a lady from the Museo Poldi Pezzoli in Milan, which, after long controversy as to its authorship, the weight of the evidence assigns to his hand. Some slight justification for the appearance of this master-piece in a Medici exhibition is derived from an inscription found on the back describing the sitter as “uxor Johannis de Bardi.” Among less known works by the same artist were some striking portraits, several bronzes and an exquisite statuette in terracotta from a private Florentine collection. These exhibits did much to substantiate the view taken by the author of the catalogue that Antonio Pollaiuolo was a significant and indeed a dominating influence in Florentine art of the third quarter of the century.

Jubilee Meetings of the Institution of Naval Architects

THE jubilee meeting of the Institution of Naval Archi-tects opened on Monday evening, July 3, with a reception by the president, the Marquis of Bristol, which was attended by members and delegates from all parts of the world. H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught took the chair at the meeting on the morning of July 4 as honorary president of the congress, and the president's address was delivered at this meeting. Reference was made to the death of the late president, Lord Cawdor, whose personality and zeal marked him out as a leader whom men would be proud to follow. The present congress had a twofold purpose—to commemorate the jubilee of the institution and to bring together from all parts of the world the great leaders in this sphere of industrial activity. The council desired to do honour to their guests from abroad, and had determined to invite the following to accept honorary membership of the institution, the highest honour in their power to confer:—H.M. the King of Norway, H.M. the King of Spain, H.M. the King of Sweden, H.I.H. Prince Henry of Prussia, H.l.H. Archduke Ferdinand, H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught, H.R.H. the Duke of Genoa, Prince Roland Bonaparte, Lord Rayleigh, Admiral Dewey, Admiral Togo, and Admiral Ijuin.

King of Sweden on the Balance of Power

King of Sweden on the Balance of Power Get access S. J. Aldrich S. J. Aldrich 1New Southgate Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-II, Issue 31, 30 July 1904, Page 94, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-II.31.94f Published: 30 July 1904

King of Sweden of the Balance of Power

King of Sweden of the Balance of Power

University and Educational Intelligence

CAMBRIDGE.—The King of Sweden and Norway was on Monday admitted by the Chancellor to the honorary degree o LL.D. The ceremony was witnessed by a vast assembly, anc the King gave much pleasure by his gracious bearing anc evident interest in the proceedings.

Bernadotte, King of Sweden

Bernadotte, King of Sweden

Foreign Orders of Merit

IN a recent number of NATURE (vol. viii. p. 292) we intimated that honours had been conferred upon a large number of British men of science by the Emperor of Brazil and the King of Sweden. Some of the gentlemen to whom these Foreign Orders have been offered have, however, thought it right to refuse acceptance of them, mainly from loyalty to Her Majesty's stringent regulations respecting Foreign Orders, as issued by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs. A correspondent, who has himself refused to accept the Foreign Orders alluded to in our note, has favoured us with a copy of these regulations, and as many people are ignorant of their nature, or are even unaware that any such regulations exist, we shall be doing a service by giving them publicity in our columns. These “Regulations respecting Foreign Orders” are dated Foreign Office, May 10, 1855, and are as follows:—

V. A letter from Martin Triewald, F. R. S. Captain of mechanics, and military architect to the King of Sweden, to C. Mortimer, M. D. Sec. R. S. Concerning the vegetation of melon-seeds forty-two Years old

Sir, Having at present an Opportunity of writing, I must acquaint you with an Experiment I made this Year, relating to Vegetation, which was as follows: Secretary Hæreus , of this Place, having a large Collection of Natural Curiosities, amongst which he has likewise collected a great Number of foreign Seeds, and finding he had Melon-seeds that were laid up in a Paper in the Year 1700.

V. A letter from Mr. Triewald, Director of Mechanicks to the King of Sweden, and F. R. SS. of England and Sweden, to Sir Hans Sloane, Bar t

<italic>Most honoured Sir</italic>, I Have at present to communicate to you a some what strange Accident, which produced as unexpected a Phænomenon.

VIII. Account of Books. I. Refratio solis inoccidui in septentrionalibus oris iussu serenissimi ac potentissimi principis caroli II. Suecorum gothorum, vandalourm &c. Monarohæ clementissimi, circa solstitium astivum, 1695. aliquot observationibus astronomicis detecta. Holmiœ in 4°. Sweedish and Latin, and now translated into English, and printed for Ed. Castle next Scotland-Yard gate by White-Hall, in 8°. 2. De fontium mutinensiam admirandâ

VIII. Account of Books. I. Refratio solis inoccidui in septentrionalibus oris iussu serenissimi ac potentissimi principis caroli II. Suecorum gothorum, vandalourm &c. Monarohæ clementissimi, circa solstitium astivum, 1695. aliquot observationibus astronomicis detecta. Holmiœ in 4°. Sweedish and Latin, and now translated into English, and printed for Ed. Castle next Scotland-Yard gate by White-Hall, in 8°. 2. De fontium mutinensiam admirandâ scaturigine tractatus physico hydrostaticus, bernardini rammazzini, in mutinenst lycœo medicinœ professoris. Mutinœ 1691. innn 4to. Translated into English, and illustrated with many curious remarks and experiments, by the Author and Translator, Dr. Rob. St. Clair. London, Sold by W. Newton in Little Britian. 1697. in 8 vo. The Author, J. Bilberg , gives an Account of the King of Sweden 's Observation, which was that being at Torneo in Westro-Bothnia , Scituated in 65°. 43'.