Kings Counties Research Articles

Cholecystectomy and the incidence of cancer of the large bowel.

As part of an epidemiologic study of cancer of the large bowel in women, female residents of King and Pierce counties (Washington) who were diagnosed during 1976--77 were interviewed regarding previous gallbladder surgery. Their responses were compared with those of a random sample of women from the same population. A history of cholecystectomy was somewhat more frequent among patients with colon cancer than among controls--we estimate the colon cancer risk in women without a gallbladder to be 1.4 times that of other women--but the 05% confidence limits of the relative risk included 1.0 (0.8--2.5). There was no association between cholecystectomy and rectal cancer and, among the subsites of colon cancer, the magnitude of the excess risk failed to show any consistent right--left gradient. Nonepidemiologic data suggest that cholecystectomy could increase the risk of colon cancer. However, if such an association truly exists it is not a strong one, and studies larger than those conducted to date are needed to detect this association reliably.

Mortality in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis in the Seattle and Los Angeles Areas

Case-mortality and survival rates of more than 2,000 prevalent cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) residing in either Los Angeles County, California, or King and Pierce Counties, Washington, and followed up for 105 months, are reported. Case-mortality at the end 105 months was 16.9% of the total group. All age and sex groups had a lower survival rate than the US general population; this difference was especially pronounced in the high-disability groups. There was a trend toward higher case-mortality in high-disability Los Angeles County patients when compared with high-disability patients from King and Pierce Counties.

Mortality in persons with multiple sclerosis in the Seattle and Los Angeles areas

Case-mortality and survival rates of more than 2,000 prevalent cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) residing in either Los Angeles County, California, or King and Pierce Counties, Washington, and followed up for 105 months, are reported. Case-mortality at the end of the 105 months was 16.9% of the total group. All age and sex groups had a lower survival rate than the US general population; this difference was especially pronounced in the high-disability groups. There was a trend toward higher case-mortality in high-disability Los Angeles County patients when compared with high-disability patients from King and Pierce Counties. (<i>JAMA</i>1981;246:2042-2045)

Two populations with multiple sclerosis. Clinical and demographic characteristics.

Cross-sectional data from 1,793 cases of definite or probable multiple sclerosis (MS) identified in an extensive population survey in King and Pierce (K-P) Counties, Washington and Los Angeles (LA) County, California, were analyzed. Compared to the U.S. population as a whole, patients were more likely to be divorced and to have more years of schooling. The prevalence of MS was higher for females, and for northern-born, regardless of sex. Reconstructed age-, sex-specific incidence rate estimates for natives of the two areas showed a much higher peak annual incidence occurring in an older age group in K-P than in LA. Earliest symptoms in both areas were numbness in the legs, double vision, and loss of vision in one or both eyes. Weakness in arms, speech difficulties, and urinary incontinence tended to be late symptoms. The overall assessment of disability levels showed more than half of the patients to be fully ambulatory at the time of the first interview, with a somewhat higher proportion of each sex severely disabled in California. The ages of onset tended to be younger in LA than in K-P. The earlier onset of disease and the higher proportion of patients with high disability in Los Angeles County suggest that the course of disease is more malignant in this low-prevalence area.

Incidence of Cancer of the Large Bowel in Women in Relation to Reproductive and Hormonal Factors&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;

Female resident of King and Pierce Counties (Washington) in whom carcinoma of the colon or rectum was diagnosed during a 15-month period in 1976-77 were interviewed regarding their menstrual and reproductive histories. A random sample of women from the same population was interviewed for comparison. On the average, women with colon cancer had given birth to fewer children than had controls; compared to the incidence of colon cancer in nulliparous women, the incidence in women with 1 or 2 children was reduced by 30%, whereas the incidence in women with 3 or more children was reduced by 50% (P=0.004). No association was present between parity and rectal cancer. Neither contraceptive nor noncontraceptive estrogen use was related to the incidence of colon cancer. Use of oral contraceptives was more common among women with rectal cancer than among controls, but this result could well have arisen by chance (P=0.09). The data were not adequate to determine whether it was the inability to conceive and deliver a child that was related to colon cancer or the failure to undergo the physiologic changes that accompany pregnancy. Nonetheless, the association of low parity with the incidence of colon cancer has now observed several times, in each instance to a moderately strong degree. This observation suggests that events of reproductive life have a bearing on a woman's subsequent risk of developing colon cancer.

Incidence of endometrial cancer in relation to the use of oral contraceptives.

Female residents of King and Ierce Counties in the state of Washington in whom endometrial cancer was diagnosed during 1975--77 were interviewed concerning prior use of oral contraceptives. Their responses were compared with those of a random sample of women from the same population. Women who had taken Oracon (0.1 mg of ethinyl estradiol and 25 mg of dimethisterone) were estimated to have a risk of endometrial cancer 7.3 times that of other women (P = 0.007). This elevation in risk was not seen in users of other sequential preparations. Women who had used combined oral contraceptives had only 50 per cent of the incidence of endometrial cancer of nonusers (P = 0.05), although the protective effect was not evident among those who subsequently took menopausal estrogens for more than two years. These associations suggest that development of neoplasia in the endometrium can be extremely sensitive to hormonal factors: if an oral contraceptive, like Oracon, emphasizes the estrogenic component, promotion of cancer can result; if like combined preparations, the contraceptive emphasizes the progestational component, protection against cancer can result.

Atoka Gas in Southern Cottle and Northern King Counties, Texas: ABSTRACT

The 330-sq-mi (855 sq km) area includes nine gas fields on the flanks of the pre-Pennsylvanian northwest-southeast feature known as the This arch originates on the Masterson Ranch in the extreme western part of the Baylor basin near the Knox and King county line and becomes progressively deeper as it continues to the northwest through the Juniper A and End_Page 1425------------------------------ B, North Juniper, JY, Providence, Prudence, Stescott, and Tippen gas fields, and Prothro (Ramsey structure) and Wilie oil fields where it joins the east-west Matador arch at the structure known as Narcisso on the Cottle and Motley county line. The producing Atoka sandstones or conglomerates consist of medium to coarse, predominately subangular, quartz grains with traces of glauconite. These stratigraphic traps were deposited as offshore sand bars on the northeast and southwest flanks of the Masterson arch. The Atoka conglomerates are erratic, as they were deposited on a steeply dipping erosional surface, with rapidly changing dips. The entire Atoka section between the base of the Caddo Limestone and the top of the Mississippian limestone consists of very hard, dark-gray to black calcareous shale and conglomerate beds. The Atoka shale is very thin on the structural axis, with no conglomerate deposition, but thickens basinward with the development of many different conglomerate lenses. The Providence Atoka gas field in extreme southeast Cottle County was discovered in October 1973, with the successful completion for 10,200 Mcf/day of the Gus Edwards 1 J. J. Gibson. Development to date reveals more than 141 ft (43 m) of gas column with no indication of water, which is present at different subsea depths in other gas fields on this trend. Average absolute open flow for the 14 gas wells in the Providence Atoka field is 11,600 Mcf/day. The porosity ranges from 15 to 21% with average pay thickness of 18 ft (5.5 m). End_of_Article - Last_Page 1426------------

Ecology of Helminth Parasitism in the Bobcat from West Texas

One trematode, 2 cestode, 11 nematode, and 1 acanthocephalan species were collected from 66 bobcats, Felis rufus, in the Rolling Plains of West Texas between 1973 and 1977. These helminths included Alaria marcianae (5% of the bobcats infected), Taenia rileyi (91%), Mesocestoides corti (36%), Physaloptera praeputialis (88%), Cyathospirura chevreuxi (80%), Cylicospirura felineus (70%), Didelphonema longispiculatum (5%), Toxascaris leonina (91%), Toxocara mystax (17% ), Ancylostoma tubaeforme (58%), Pterygondermatites cahirensis (3%), Vogeloides felis (80%), Metathelazia californica (73%), Capillaria aerophila (3%), and Oncicola canis (14%). Scarring of the aorta due to Spirocerca lupi was observed in 35% of these animals. All hosts were infected with from 2 to 11 helminth species (x = 7.4 species). Simpson's index for all helminth species was low (0.10) indicating a lack of dominance of particular species in the helminth population of this host. Comparison of the helminth fauna of bobcats in West Texas with those of 4 other geographic areas in North America using Sorenson's index of similarity indicated a basic dissimilarity in helminth faunas of bobcats in different regions. Associations between the more prevalent helminth species were determined using frequency of occurrence and mean levels of infections. Significant relationships were noted in the frequency of occurrence of 8 pairs of helminth species. Cole's coefficient of association indicated a positive association between these species. Analysis of mean infection levels indicated significant relationships between 6 pairs of helminth species. A clumped distribution was indicated among the several species of spirurid nematodes occurring in the bobcat. These associations are explained in terms of the food habits (intermediate and paratenic hosts) and age of the host. Comparison of helminth species with the sex of the host based on frequency of occurrence indicated males were significantly more often infected with C. felineus and M. californica. Comparison of mean levels of infection indicated males had significantly higher levels of infection with C. chevreuxi, V. felis, and T. rileyi. Helminth parasitism has been sporadically examined in the bobcat, Felis rufus, from various localities in North America (Rollings, 1945; Pollack, 1949; Progulske, 1952; Miller and Harkema, 1968; Little et al., 1971). This host is distributed through widely varying habitats in the United States and Canada. It has recently become an economically important furbearer and is the only wild felid likely to remain in any abundance in Texas (Russell, 1971) and probably most of the United States. The present study was initiated in order to better understand the nature, prevalence, and intensity of helminth parasitism and to elucidate certain ecological relationships of parasitism including concentration of dominance, Received for publication 3 June 1977. * Department of Range and Wildlife Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409. Present address: Department of Forest Zoology, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, Syracuse, New York 13210. t Department of Pathology, Division of Comparative Pathology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Centers, Lubbock, Texas 79409. similarity of helminth faunas between different geographic areas, and the nature of distributions of aggregations of helminth species in this host. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-six bobcats were collected in the Rolling Plains of Texas in King, Knox, and Dickens counties between December 1973 and January 1977. The study area is characterized by gently rolling plains dominated by honey mesquite, Prosopis glandulosa, and native grasses intermingled with vast erosion beds of very uneven topography (breaks) with redberry juniper, Juniperus pinchotii, native grasses, and cacti as the predominant vegetation. Although interspersed with some land suitable for dryland farming, the area is principally utilized as rangeland. The majority of bobcats were obtained as carcasses from fur trappers. Body weights, measurements, and age determinations were obtained from 63 hosts prior to skinning. Usually, viscera were frozen in the field and later examined in the laboratory. The stomach of each animal was examined for prey remains, the results of which will be reported elsewhere (Stone and Pence, in preparation). Musculature and subcutaneous tissues were examined for filariids and a 2-cm square portion of diaphragm from each host was viewed microscopically in a muscle press for Trichinella

LATITUDE, MIGRATION, AND THE PREVALENCE OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) was determined in three groups of Caucasians in King and Pierce Counties (Washington) and in Los Angeles County (California): natives (born in study state), migrants from high-risk states (North), and migrants from low risk states (South). A diagnosis of definite or probable MS (excluding migrants with onset before migration) was established in 1816 of the persons found. The prevalence in Los Angeles County natives and in migrants from the South to either Los Angeles County or King-Pierce Counties were relatively low, while prevalence in King-Pierce Counties among natives and migrants from the North were high. The prevalence in migrants from the North to Los Angeles was intermediate. The results suggest that some degree of protection is provided to migrants by residence in low-prevalence areas, either early or later in life.

EVIDENCE FOR LOWER SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS IN JAPANESE-AMERICANS1

A search for cases of multiple sclerosis (MS) was carried out among the 120,066 Japanese-American residents and the 3,060,366 Caucasian residents native to state of residence in King and Pierce Counties, Washington, and Los Angeles County, California. Although 48 cases would have been expected among Japanese-Americans in both areas (on the basis of the prevalence among Caucasians in these two areas), only eight cases were found who were residents on prevalence day -- all were American-born residents of Los Angeles County. The age-, sex-adjusted prevalence of MS among Japanese-Americans in both areas was 5.9 per 100,000. The lower prevalence of multiple sclerosis among Japanese-Americans than among Caucasians has been interpreted as evidence of a lower susceptibility to factors causing multiple sclerosis.

Atoka Gas in Southern Cottle and Northern King Counties, Texas: ABSTRACT

Atoka Gas in Southern Cottle and Northern King Counties, Texas: ABSTRACT

Characteristics of menopausal women: a survey of King and Pierce counties in Washington, 1973-2974.

Age-specific menopause rates, frequency and duration of menopausal estrogen use, and characteristics of users and non-users of menopausal estrogen therapy are presented for the population of King and Pierce counties in the state of Washington from 1973-1974 survey data. Age-specific menopause rates do not differ substantially from rates derived from data from the 1960-1962 US Health Examination Survey, although women over 50 years of age were more likely to report operative menopause in the present study than in the Health Examination Survey. The estimated frequency of menopausal estrogen use of over 3 months' duration in the population was 51%; this is in contrast to an estimated 26% rate of severe menopausal symptoms. Median use of menopausal estrogen therapy was over 10 years. Estrogen users were younger than non-users and reported more formal education. More users had had difficulty with severe menopausal symptoms and more had had a hysterectomy.

The Spatial Pattern of Income Generation in Lead Firm, Growth Area Linkage Systems

* The author wishes to express his appreciation to W. B. Beyers, M. D. Thomas, and R. B. LeHeron for their helpful comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The research was completed while the author was Visiting Research Associate in the Department of Geography, University of Washington, 1973. The financial support of the National Science Foundation is gratefully acknowledged. Cartographic support was provided by the University of Wisconsin Cartographic Lab. 1 Throughout the paper, the term growth area will be taken to include the urban growth centers within the growth area as defined by the principal commuting zone. 1968 period. The analysis utilizes an input-output approach to determine (1) the magnitude of income generated within the growth area commuting zone through the income multiplier linkage system, and (2) the spatial pattern and magnitude of income generated through the interindustry linkage system. If the Boeing example is typical of many conte porary lead firms, the findings of the analysis provide a basis for evaluating certain fundamental concepts of growth pole and growth center theories. The growth area is defined as Snohomish, King, Pierce, and Kitsap Counties. This group of counties is dominated by the Everett-Seattle-Tacoma conurbation.

Abstracts of Theses: The Surficial Geology of Ben Lomond Area, Saint John and Kings Counties, New Brunswick

Abstracts of Theses: The Surficial Geology of Ben Lomond Area, Saint John and Kings Counties, New Brunswick

Developments in North and West-Central Texas in 1949

During 1949, production in the North and West-Central Texas district increased to 69,562,241 barrels of oil, bringing the cumulative total for the district to 1,585,125,415 barrels; gas production totaled 94,819 MCF for the year. There were 4,732 wells drilled in the 37 counties which comprise the North and West-Central Texas district. In all, 1,547 exploratory tests were drilled, of which 344 were producers, a success of 22 per cent. One hundred thirty-eight new fields were discovered. Among the more important discoveries were: (1) Mississippian reef limestone discovery in Comanche County; (2) development of Strawn sand production from structural traps in the McGregor area and DeMoss field in Archer County; (3) development of Strawn sand production in several localities f Haskell County; and (4) the Ellenburger discoveries in the Boyd, Killen, and Post Oak areas of Jack County and in northeastern Fisher County. The seismograph continued as a leading exploration tool, being credited with 50 discoveries. Seismic work was concentrated in Jack, Wise, Haskell, Throckmorton, Knox, Stonewall, Fisher, and Nolan counties and in the southern part of the Fort Worth basin. Major leasing activity was confined to Stonewall, Knox, Haskell, and King counties and to the counties in the southern part of the Strawn basin. Much of the acreage leased was purchased before exploration.

Agricultural Trends in Western Washington

Agricultural Trends in Western Washington KRANf-KH M. KARUB University of Washington, Seattle, Washington Western Washington is a region of relatively small truck and dairy farms averaging 51 acres, in marked contrast to drier Eastern Washington with its large wheat farms averaging 250 to 1000 acres. While the rural population of Eastern Washington remained almost stationary from 1910 to 1930, Western Washington experienced an increase of 65 per cent during the same period. Within Western Washington there is a definite concentration of farming on the Puget Sound Lowland with its combined advantages of a marine type climate with long growing season, soils which are rich or responsive to fertilizer, and the stimulus of nearby urban centers. In addition to the farm population engaged exclusively in agriculture , the Puget Sound area has an unusual amount of part-time agriculture. Owners of small cleared tracts work part of the year in mills or logging camps; many people employed in cities live in the country and cultivate a garden or small farm in their spare time. Subsistence farming of this type grew rapidly during the depression and has helped to increase ? he number of small farms now listed in this area. Most of the newer holdings are recently cutover lands; the difficulty and expense of removing stumps have operated to keep the farms small in size. In many river valleys west of the Cascades dairying is the most profitable agricultural adjustment. The grazing season is long, and farm crops, such as hay and oats, provide additional feed. The dairy industry is scattered but highly commercialized, and the output of dairy products is increasing. The Puget Sound cities consume most of the milk produced within an easy radius. Milk from the more distant farms goes to the creamery for manufacture into butter, cheese, and tinned milk. Washington farmers have adopted many of the principles of Danish cooperative dairying, but have not as yet followed the Danish system of pigfeeding as a profitable side-line. Poultry raising and egg production have increased greatly in the past fifteen years, especially in Whatcom, King, Snohomish, and Island counties. Cooperative societies have been quite successful in developing and standardizing the export egg business. The acreage in vegetables has grown steadily, with beans, cabbage , cauliflower, spinach, sweet corn, rhubarb, and tomatoes as the · favorite commercial crops. The planting of peas in one county, Skagit, increased from 5 acres in 1919 to 691 acres in 1929. In the same decade the Western Washington lettuce acreage increased from 200 to 2100 acres. Vegetables are grown for shipment to other parts of the United States, as well as for the local market. Selected areas in the Puget Sound lowland are especially suited to strawberries, raspberries, and loganberries, which have become highly specialized crops. In the Puyallup-Sumner area, famous for its berries as well as for its bulbs, the best truck lands are high in price. (Üö) The general trend in Western Washington agriculture is toward greater crop specialization, which in turn requires smaller units of land and more intensive cultivation and fertilization. As now constituted it is essentially a vegetable -berry- poultry - dairy proposition . Agriculture is also markedly influenced by the market possibilities of the urban centers around Puget Sound, Soil Erosion as a Geographic Determinant in the Northwest Ï. WlM(JHT [IAYLOIt Section «f Ini'oi'iuiitfon U.K.I'.A,, Soil f'niiservation Service, Spokane, Washing-ton Soil and water are vital determinants of socio-economic adjustments . Fertile soil, abundant water , and productive protective vegetative cover form a trio of elements in the natural environment which the geographer cannot overlook . Until recently the supposition has existed that the supply of these elements of the natural environment was relatively inexhaustible . Scientific research, as well as casual observations, have proved the supposition false. They have proved that certain definite conservation measures are necessary to insure future soil and water supply The Pacific Northwest, although an infant in terms of years of settlement , has already become a region suffering severely from soil and water losses. A survey of geographic subdivisions of the Pacific Northwest states discloses that numerous changes of a social and economic nature have already taken place as a result of the...

Geology of Kettleman Hills Oil Field, California

The Kettleman Hills oil field is one of California's largest oil fields and will be numbered among the major oil-producing areas of the world. It is in Fresno and Kings counties, California, along the western foothills of the San Joaquin Valley, approximately 180 miles southeast of San Francisco. The Kettleman Hills constitute a topographic feature more than 30 miles in length. Structurally they are composed of two well defined elongate domes, the North and Middle domes, and the northwestern end of what may be a third dome, frequently spoken of as the South dome. The North dome, the largest of the three, may be expected to be productive in an area of 15,000 or 20,000 acres. Oil and gas are produced prolifically from the Temblor formation of Lower Miocene age, which in the North dome is more than 1,500 feet in thickness. The writers discuss briefly the stratigraphy, structure, and mode of occurrence of oil and gas in this field.

McLure Shale of the Coalinga Region, Fresno and Kings Counties, California

The McLure shale is a name given by the writer to the brown shale of the southern Coalinga region, previously termed Santa Margarita (?) shale on the geological maps of the U. S. Geological Survey. It is found, however, that this shale lies with an angular unconformity on Santa Margarita sandstone (Miocene), and that the Etchegoin (Pliocene) lies unconformably on the shale. Whether it is upper Miocene or lowest Pliocene in age has not been determined. In view of these recent observations, a new name for the shale is imperative.

Paleontology of the Coalinga District, Fresno and Kings Counties, California. Ralph Arnold

Previous article FreeReviewsPaleontology of the Coalinga District, Fresno and Kings Counties, California. Ralph Arnold E. R. L.E. R. L. Search for more articles by this author PDF Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 19, Number 2Feb. - Mar., 1911 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/621836 Views: 42 Crossref reports no articles citing this article.