King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital Research Articles

Frequency and features of medical emergencies at a teaching dental hospital in Saudi Arabia: a 14-year retrospective observational study

BackgroundThis study aimed to determine the nature, frequency, and characteristics of medical emergencies occurring at the King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital.Materials and methodsThe incident reports of medical emergencies recorded at the King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital from January 2008 to December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. The annual/overall incidence of medical emergency events was calculated per 100,000 patients. The following characteristics of the patients/events were evaluated: age, gender, operator, procedure, location, timing of treatment, administration of local anesthesia, past medical history, symptoms, diagnosis, outcome, and disposition. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the associations of these characteristics with two outcomes: syncope and transfer to the emergency room (ER).ResultsThe incidence of emergency events was 17.4 per 100,000 patients. Syncope and hypoglycemia were the most common emergencies. Most incidents recovered, with only 13% requiring transfer to the ER. Undergoing no procedure and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class 2,3 were associated with syncope. Undergoing a general dental procedure, ASA class 2,3, and a diagnosis other than hypoglycemia and syncope were associated with transfer to the ER.ConclusionsThe incidence of medical emergencies was low. Dental practitioners need to remain aware of the contributing factors, such as past medical history and anxiety, but medical emergencies can occur in healthy individuals as well. Preparation of the dental office, training of the personnel, and proper recording of the events are essential components of a well-established medical emergency protocol in dental institutions.

Children Anxiety and Pain while Performing Interim Therapeutic Restorations with Hand Instruments compared to Rotary Instruments: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Introduction: Children with dental anxiety may avoid visiting the dentist until a more serious and painful condition develops. Dentists could use less stressful techniques, like Interim Therapeutic Restorations (ITR), to treat dental cavities in difficult or young patients. ITR performed with hand tools may be preferred due to the absence of handpiece vibration, sound, or smell. Aim: To assess the anxiety and pain levels experienced by children during ITR procedures performed with hand instruments compared to rotary instruments. Materials and Methods: The present randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The inclusion criteria consisted of children aged 3-12 years visiting the dental clinic for the first time and having a carious primary anterior (incisor or canine) tooth. Patients were recruited from the paediatric screening clinic and randomly assigned to either the “Hand instrument group” or the “Rotary instrument group.” Caries excavation was performed using a hand instrument in the former group, while a low-speed handpiece was used in the latter group. Anxiety levels were assessed using Venham’s anxiety rating scale before and after the procedure. Heart rate was measured using pulse oximetry every two minutes. Pain levels were evaluated using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale after completing the procedure. Results: The study included 60 patients, with a mean age of 5.87±2.09 years. The anxiety score after the procedure was significantly lower in the hand instrument group compared to the rotary instrument group (p=0.007). Although the heart rate was lower in the hand instrument group compared to the rotary instrument group, the difference was not statistically significant. The subjects in the hand instrument group reported lower pain levels compared to those in the rotary instrument group (p=0.029). Conclusion: Performing ITR using hand instruments resulted in reduced anxiety and pain levels among young children compared to ITR performed using rotary handpieces.

Awareness of Nutrition Facts Labeling and Its Relation to Oral Health Practices and Caries Experience Among Adult Patients.

To investigate the relationship between the usage of nutrition facts labels (NFL) and oral and dietary practices and the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) score. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to a convenient sample of 150 adult dental patients attending the King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Electronic dental records were accessed to record each patient's DMFT score. Only 38% (N=57) of the participants read the NFL on their food. A statistically significant association was found between patients' DMFT scores and the NFL reading. Participants who said they read NFLs had lower mean DMFT scores than those who said they did not (8.4 vs. 10.5). The results of this study demonstrate that there is low usage of NFL among participants. A significant association was noted between the reading of the NFL and caries experience as measured using the DMFT index.

Knowledge and Attitude Toward Esthetic Dentistry and Smile Perception.

A smile is important in human communication and is increasingly valued in modern society. The perception of smile attractiveness is subjective and depends on many factors. This study aimed to evaluate and compare knowledge and attituderelated to esthetic dentistry in dental students versus dental interns, general dentists, and dental specialists, examine the self-perception of their smile, and identify parameters that influence smile perception. This cross-sectional study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Participants included dental students, interns, general practitioners, and specialists. They completed an electronic questionnaire covering demographics, knowledge about esthetic dentistry, attitudes towardsmile perception, and previous dental treatments. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and chi-square tests. A total of 275 individuals participated in our study. The study found that dental students' exposure and awareness of esthetic dentistry topics increased with academic progression. Gender, age, and marital status influenced self-perception and smile evaluation. More females perceived gender as an influencing factor in smile evaluation, while more males believed in the existence of an ideal smile. A substantial portion of the sample had undergone dental treatments, with no significant income-related disparities observed. This study highlights differences in knowledge and attitudes among dental students and professionals. Dental education appears to impact students' exposure to esthetic dentistry concepts. Moreover, gender, age, and marital status influence self-perception and evaluation of others' smiles.

Birth Order and its Effect on Children’s Dental Anxiety and Behavior during Dental Treatment

Objectives: To investigate the association between dental anxiety and birth order among children seeking dental treatment at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total sample of 306 children aged 6-12 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional descriptive study. Demographic background data on the family and childbirth order were collected using a validated questionnaire. The Abeer dental anxiety scale (ADAS) was used to assess the dental anxiety level, while the Frankl scale was used to assess behavior during dental treatment. Binary Regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors on the child’s anxiety and behavior according to the ADAS and Frankl scale, respectively. Results: The childbirth order had a significant effect on the anxiety score ( p<0.0001). The ADAS score in middle-born children was statistically significantly lower than that of only children, first-borns and last-borns ( p=0.018). Further, there was a statistically significant effect of childbirth order on behavior according to the Frankl scale ( p<0.0001). Conclusion: The presence of siblings and childbirth order are significant indicators of children’s behavior and anxiety during dental treatment. This study provides valuable information that can help pediatric dentists plan behavior management for children.

Birth Order and its Effect on Children’s Dental Anxiety and Behavior during Dental Treatment

Objectives: To investigate the association between dental anxiety and birth order among children seeking dental treatment at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total sample of 306 children aged 6-12 years were enrolled in a cross-sectional descriptive study. Demographic background data on the family and childbirth order were collected using a validated questionnaire. The Abeer dental anxiety scale (ADAS) was used to assess the dental anxiety level, while the Frankl scale was used to assess behavior during dental treatment. Binary Regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of sociodemographic factors on the child’s anxiety and behavior according to the ADAS and Frankl scale, respectively. Results: The childbirth order had a significant effect on the anxiety score (p<0.0001). The ADAS score in middle-born children was statistically significantly lower than that of only children, first-borns and last-borns (p=0.018). Further, there was a statistically significant effect of childbirth order on behavior according to the Frankl scale (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The presence of siblings and childbirth order are significant indicators of children’s behavior and anxiety during dental treatment. This study provides valuable information that can help pediatric dentists plan behavior management for children.

Pre-Procedure Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetic and High-Risk Patients Visiting King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital: The Role of the Dentist in Diabetes Screening.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a widespread problem. Satisfactory control of DM is essential for maintaining oral health and optimizing the outcomes of dental treatment; DM patients with poor glycaemic control have a high risk of dental treatment-related complications. Furthermore, the dentist and dental office can play an important role in DM screening. Therefore, this study aimed at measuring random blood glucose (RBG) levels in patients with established DM or high risk of DM seeking dental treatment at the King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital to avoid treatment complications and execute an immediate physician referral. This cross-sectional study included patients presenting to our institution for dental treatment, who were categorized as diabetic (established diagnosis) or at high risk of DM according to the American Diabetes Association criteria. Participants' pre-procedure RBG level was assessed via a glucometer. High-risk participants were classified as per their blood glucose level into two groups (<200 mg/dL and >200 mg/dL), while the diabetic participants were placed into four groups (<140 mg/dL; 140 to <200 mg/dL; 200-300 mg/dL; and >300 mg/dL). This study included 695 patients (361 females and 334 males), of which 354 (52%) had established DM and 341 (48%) were high-risk patients. Around 31% of patients in the high-risk group were potentially diabetic but unaware of it; 46% of the diabetic patients had RBG levels >200 mg/dL. For the high-risk participants, age had a statistically significant association (P-value 0.03) with the RBG level. Pre-procedure RBG measurement in diabetic and high-risk patients undergoing dental treatment is crucial for the prevention of DM-related complications. Dental health-care professionals have a vital role in screening, early detection, and referral of these patients.

Outcomes of endodontic microsurgery using different calcium silicate–based retrograde filling materials: a cohort retrospective cone-beam computed tomographic analysis

PurposeTo evaluate the outcomes of endodontic microsurgery (EMS) using mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA; Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA), EndoSequence root repair material (RRM putty; Brasseler, Savannah, GA), and injectable Bioceramic (BC) sealer (Brasseler USA) followed by the application of RRM putty (lid technique) as root-end filling materials. MethodsOne hundred and ten patients who underwent EMS between 2016 and 2020 at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital were recruited for clinical and radiographic follow-up after a minimum of 1 year. Radiographic assessment was performed using periapical radiographs (PAs) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Volumetric analysis of periapical radiolucencies (PARLs) was performed using Amira software. ResultsSeventy-nine patients (103 teeth: MTA group, n = 28; RRM putty, n = 41; lid technique, n = 34), attended the follow-up visit, with an average follow-up period of 24 months (recall rate = 74.5%). Of the 103 teeth, 40 were anteriors, 24 were premolars, and 39 were molars. All three groups of retrograde filling materials (MTA, RRM putty, and lid technique) showed high success rates on both PA (85.7, 85.4, 94.1%, respectively) and CBCT imaging (67.9, 75.6, 88.2%, respectively), without any significant difference among the success rates of different materials. Overall, a slight agreement was noted between the PA and CBCT outcomes, with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.029). None of the patient-, tooth-, or treatment-related factors significantly influenced the outcomes of EMS. Adequate density of root canal filling material was significantly associated with a high percentage of completely healed cases on CBCT (P = 0.044). PARL volumes were reduced significantly over 1–4 years follow-up after EMS (P < 0.001)ConclusionsEMS showed high success rates on both PA and CBCT when MTA, RRM putty or lid technique were used as retrograde filling materials. CBCT imaging is more precise than PA in detecting the healing outcomes of EMS.

Children's electronic screen time exposure and its relationship to dental anxiety and behavior

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the association between electronic screen time and dental anxiety and behaviour among children aged six to twelve years during dental examination, prophylaxis, and topical fluoride application. Material and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study which included 402 paediatric dental patients aged six to twelve years who came to King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected from September 2020 to December 2021. Self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data from the patient and his/her guardian. It was comprised of eight demographic questions as well as 13 multiple-choice questions regarding the patients' screen time. Child dental anxiety was assessed by using Abeer Children Dental Anxiety Scale (ACDAS). Assessment of child's behaviour was done by using Frankl Behavioural Rating Scale. ResultsThis study had a response rate of 100%. Out of the 402 participants, 248 (61.7%) were found to have anxiety while 154 (38.3%) were not. Of all participants 274 (68.2%) were cooperative and 128 (31.8%) were not. A Significant relationship between anxiety and behavioural problems during a dental visit and the participant's total exposure hours to electronic devices was found (p < 0.001). Children exposed to electronics at the age of two years or before displayed more anxiety and uncooperative behaviour (p < 0.001). Conclusionsearly exposure to electronic screens, especially for entertainment purposes and longer exposure can be associated with increased dental anxiety and uncooperative behaviour in children age 6–12 years. RecommendationsParents should be educated about the risks of permitting their children to use electronic devices and encouraged to replace such devices with activities that incorporate physical activity.

Risk Factors Associated with Children Receiving Treatment at Emergency Dental Clinics: A Case-Control Study.

(1) Background: The process of managing children at the emergency dental clinic (ER-C) is a difficult challenge. This matched case-control study assessed risk factors associated with children visiting the ER-C compared to visits at the regular dental clinic (RD-C). (2) Methods: The participants included 421 children aged three to 12 years who were recruited at the ER-C (cases) and RD-C (controls) at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, with each group matched for gender and age. A data-collection form was developed and validated in both Arabic and English, containing the following four sections: DMFT/dmft index, Frankl’s behaviour rating scale, Dental Neglect Scale, and Dental Care Barriers questionnaire. (3) Results: The ER-C (vs RD-C) group showed significantly more uncooperative behaviour (p = 0.002), a higher total mean dental neglect score (p = 0.003), and a higher dental barrier score (p < 0.001). Binary regression analysis showed that those making their first visit (AOR: 2.65, p < 0.001) and with higher dental barriers (AOR: 1.121, p < 0.001) were statistically significantly more associated with ER-C visitation. (4) Conclusion: These findings suggest that children who visit the ER-C are more prone to dental care barriers, uncooperative behaviour, and dental neglect, thus highlighting the importance of encouraging and planning their attendance to ensure optimal dental care.

Prevalence and Management of Post-Extraction Complications

Introduction: Simple tooth extraction is one of the most common procedures performed by general dentists and Oral and Maxillofacial surgeons throughout daily practice. However, although it is a simple procedure, tooth-related complications could occur at any time. These complications are categorized into immediate and delayed complications. Immediate complications are due to either tooth-related or dentist-related factors and require prompt actions and immediate management. Tooth-related factors depend on tooth morphology and tooth structure conditions. Dentist-related factors depend on the proper selection and application of the instruments. On the other hand, delayed complications might occur after two days or more following the extraction. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence, prediction of risk factors complications, prevention and management of possible immediate and delayed post-extraction complications occurring in our Oral Surgery clinics at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital. Method: An observation and assessment of the extraction procedure, data collected via validated survey were used to gather the following: Demographic data, medical history, cause of extraction, number of tooth/teeth extracted, complications if any, and who did the procedure. For each patient who underwent dental extraction, a survey was filled out, by a doctor other than the operator and the procedure was assessed under observation to record any complications that occurred during the procedure and assess the undertaken management in such a case without intervention. Data was analyzed using Chi-square test through SPSS. Result: We observed 172 extraction procedures with 160 different patients, 12 had extraction more than once. A total 350 teeth were extracted from 160 patients, we observed 92 complications (53.4%) between immediate and delayed, 7 patients had both, the most common immediate complication was soft tissue injury with (81.7%) 67/82, and for the delayed complications the most common was dry socket (64.7%) 11/17 patients. Conclusion: In conclusion, we found a significant association between the number of post-operative complications, their management, and the experience of the operator

Effectiveness of Machine Learning in Assessing the Diagnostic Quality of Bitewing Radiographs

Background: Identifying the diagnostic value of bitewing radiographs (BW) is highly dependent on the operator’s knowledge and experience. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of machine learning (ML) to classify the BW according to their diagnostic quality. Methods: 864 BW radiographs from records of 100 patients presented at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were assessed. The radiographic errors in representing proximal contact areas (n = 1951) were categorized into diagnostic and non-diagnostic. Labeling and training of the BW were done using Roboflow. Data were divided into validation, training, and testing sets to train the pre-trained model Efficientdet-d0 using TensorFlow. The model’s performance was assessed by calculating recall, precision, F1 score, and log loss value. Results: The model excelled at detecting “overlap within enamel” and “overlap within restoration (clear margins) with F1 score of 0.89 and 0.76, respectively. The overall system errors made by the built model showed a log loss value of 0.15 indicating high accuracy of the model. Conclusions: The model is a “proof of concept” for the effectiveness of ML in diagnosing the quality of the BW radiographs based on the contact areas. More dataset specification and optimization are needed to overcome the class imbalance.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dental Treatment in Children: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Analysis in Jeddah City.

Background/PurposeThe novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak has affected individuals worldwide. Considering the nature of dental treatments and direct exposure to saliva, blood, aerosols, or droplets from infected individuals, dentists are at significant risk of COVID-19 infection. Therefore, to decrease aerosol-generating procedures, minimally invasive dentistry (MID) is recommended during this pandemic. The goal of this research was to compare the flow of patients during a pandemic at a single university hospital in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, and to retrospectively assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on pediatric dental treatments including MID.Materials and MethodsThis study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pediatric patient records, dental procedures performed, and minimally invasive techniques using the database of the King Abdul-Aziz University Dental Hospital (R4) system during the period of COVID 19 pandemic compared to the same period in the previous year.ResultsDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, pediatric dental patient flow included only 699 patients compared to 1151 patients during the same period in the previous year. The most common pediatric dental procedures performed during the pandemic period were simple restorative treatments, including fissure sealants, followed by dental extractions, and fluoride varnish applications. During the pandemic period, more minimally invasive treatments were performed, including the Hall technique, silver diamine fluoride, resin infiltration, and atraumatic restorative techniques.ConclusionBased on this data, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on dental patient flow and the type of dental procedures performed on children. Minimally invasive treatments that minimize air generation are recommended; however, to establish the long-term effectiveness of minimally invasive treatments in pediatric dentistry, more follow-up studies with bigger sample sizes are required. More recommendations regarding conservative pediatric dental management after the COVID-19 era are suggested.

Prevalence and Pattern of Idiopathic Osteosclerosis and Condensing Osteitis in a Saudi Subpopulation.

BackgroundThis study aims to investigate the prevalence and pattern of idiopathic osteosclerosis (IO) and condensing osteitis (CO) in the jaws of a Saudi Arabian subpopulation with regards to gender, age, shape, localization, and tooth relationship.MethodologyDigital panoramic and periapical radiographs with clinical data of 1,000 patients at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital were analyzed to determine the incidence of IO and CO lesions in relation to age, gender, location in the jaws, and dental status of the associated tooth. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used for data analysis.ResultsOut of the 752 patients (495 females, 257 males), IO was identified in 66 (8.8%) patients, while 44 (5.9%) patients had CO. IO occurred more in females (68.2%) than males (31.8%). CO had a statistically significant higher rate of occurrence in females (81.8%) than males (18.2%) (P ≤ 0.05). IO and CO lesions were observed to be higher in individuals in their third decade, and 100% were in the mandibular molar area. Almost half of the identified IO (48.5%) had a rounded shape radiopacity, while CO mostly appeared irregular (63.6%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of IO and CO in the studied Saudi subpopulation was low. Both lesions were more frequent in females in their third decade and were primarily found in the mandibular molar region.

Tooth Loss Among Adults at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital &amp;ldquo;Factors, Causes, And Clinical Characteristics&amp;rdquo;

The study aims at evaluating the causes of tooth loss and correlates them to risk factors in adult patients, who are frequenting King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital in Jeddah.&nbsp; A 153 patients were included, ages ranging from 14 to 85 years (mean 34.49&plusmn;15.8). Clinical chart review was conducted, past medical history, potential risk factors such as poor oral hygiene and smoking, DMFS and bone loss level were recorded. A validated questionnaire was used to collect demographic data

Radiographic Analysis of Posts Performed by Undergraduate Dental Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

IntroductionPost and core restorations for endodontically treated teeth must meet certain prosthetic criteria to ensure the success of the final restoration. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of posts performed by dental students at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, utilizing periapical radiographs and whether the prosthetic criteria were strictly met by students.Materials and MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 661 digital periapical radiographs of posts performed by 6th-year dental students from September 2018 to April 2019. The assessment included the following factors: patient’s age, patient’s gender, tooth type, and arch. Post-related factors including post type, shape, diameter, length, and status of the remaining gutta percha were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics were generated, and the association between different variables was determined using chi-square test at p<0.05.ResultsPosts were used to restore maxillary teeth (67%), and were particularly placed in premolars (44%). The majority of used posts were prefabricated tapered fiber posts (90%). The results were as follows: post diameter equal to one-third of root diameter, 50% met criterion; post length equal to two-thirds of root length, 33%; post length equal to or more than crown height, 93%; absence of space between gutta percha (GP) and post, 74%; and length of the remaining GP equal to 3–5 mm, 68%. Overall, 11% of the posts met all the ideal prosthetics criteria.ConclusionMost qualities of post and core restorations that were radiographically assessed were found to be acceptable and within the recommended prosthodontic criteria.

Estimation of the direct cost of restorative problems in King Abdul-Aziz university dental hospital using tree-based models

Estimation of the direct cost of restorative problems in King Abdul-Aziz university dental hospital using tree-based models

Prevalence of Hypodontia in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Digital Orthopantomographic Study

Introduction: Hypodontia or Dental agenesis; is defined as a developmental missing of any teeth, excluding the last molars. It may befall as a genetic syndrome or as a non-syndromic isolated trait. However, there is no prevalence available in our city.&#x0D; Aim and Objectives: The tenacity of this research is to assess the frequency of hypodontia among the population who received dental care at King Abdul Aziz University Dental Hospital in the city of Jeddah.&#x0D; Study Design: Retrospective digital orthopantomographic: cross-sectional study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Prosthodontic Department, King Abdulaziz University, between January 2019 and July 2020.&#x0D; Methodology: This research is a retrospective cross-sectional study based on the examination of an archival dental record and 2D panoramic radiographs of patients who are presented at King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah. A total of 2045 records were reviewed and included in this study. Two general practitioners reviewed patient’s dental charts looking for congenital missing tooth/teeth in a dark room by the method that the practitioners use. Careful reviews of each patient’s record were done to ensure that the cause of the missing tooth/teeth were congenital and not surgical or traumatic. Data were gathered from dental records of patients’ age period 6-9 years since most of the dental follicle of the permanent teeth should be completed or the tooth just erupts, radiographic findings were always compared to the patients’ file and progress notes to ensure the causative factors of missing teeth. The data were recorded in an excel sheet which included gender, age, the type, area and counting of the missing teeth.&#x0D; Results: After collecting the data, the total number of patients after exclusion were 1984. The prevalence of hypodontia in our tested population was %5.39. Statistical analysis were done by using SPSS software to correlate between variables. Varices grades.&#x0D; Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study our data shows that the most common congenitally tooth agenesis is the second premolar %47.6 and the second most common congenitally missing tooth is lateral incisor %18.6.

Success Rate of Stainless-steel Crowns Placed on Permanent Molars among Adolescents.

Aim and objectiveTo evaluate the success rate of stainless-steel crowns (SSCs) placed on permanent molars among adolescents in King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital (KAUDH).Materials and methodsElectronic records of KAUDH patients aged 10 to 15 years who had an SSC placed on a permanent molar from 2013 to 2018 were reviewed. The patients were contacted by telephone and were invited to participate in the study. The patients were examined clinically and radiographically.ResultsThe response rate was 42.6%. The total number of SSCs included in the study was 36 crowns. The mean age was 11.75 ± 1.95. Males represented 75.76% of the subjects. The success rate of SSCs placed on permanent molars was 86.10%.ConclusionPlacement of SSCs on permanent molars is a highly successful long-term temporary restoration that preserves badly destructed molars in adolescents until definitive prosthetic treatment can be done.Clinical significanceTo provide updated knowledge to healthcare providers and researchers about the success rate of SSCs when placed on permanent molars.How to cite this articleFelemban O, Alagl H, Aloufi W, et al. Success Rate of Stainless-steel Crowns Placed on Permanent Molars among Adolescents. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(4):488–491.

Visible Portion of Anterior Teeth at Rest and Analysis of Different Smile Characteristics in the Saudi Population of the Jeddah Region.

This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the degree of visibility of maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at rest in different age groups and to evaluate the smile line, smile arc, and number of maxillary teeth displayed during smiling among the Saudi population visiting King Abdulaziz University Dental Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. A total of 157 participants (77 males and 80 females) were included in this study with an age range of 19 to 69 years. All participants had maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth without restorations. Crown length and visible portions of anterior teeth at rest were measured using a Fowler Electronic Digital Caliper. Three measurements of each variable were recorded by two independent dental interns and calibrating their measurements was performed. Smile line, smile arc, and number of teeth displayed during smiling were examined. The collected data were statistically analyzed using SPSS software. It was found that the average clinical crown lengths in the maxillary lateral incisor, mandibular central incisor, and canine were significantly higher in males than females. At rest position, females displayed more maxillary central and lateral incisors. The displayed length of maxillary teeth at rest is inversely proportional to increasing age; the reverse occurs in mandibular teeth. The common visibility of maxillary teeth during smiling was from the second bicuspid to its counterpart. Average smile line and consonant smile arc were the most common characteristics. It was concluded that both age and gender affect the characteristics of tooth display at rest and in smiling. These effects should be considered during treatment planning and restoration of anterior teeth to obtain a more predictable esthetic outcome.