Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffects Research Articles

Disordered cognition and stimulus processing.

The perceptual style of processing stimuli (kinesthetic figural aftereffects) by 53 acute psychiatric inpatients was related to disorders in their perceptual experience of the environment and in their formal thought processes (overinclusive and idiosyncratic thinking). Psychiatric patients who reduced incoming stimuli also manifested greater abnormal perceptual experiences and thought disturbances. At the time of hospitalization the schizophrenics reduced incoming stimuli to a greater extent than did the nonschizophrenics and latent schizophrenics.

Individual Consistencies in Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffects

A study of kinesthetic figural aftereffects in 32 Ss showed consistency within each of two testing sessions with respect to baseline judgments and magnitude of the aftereffect. Between testing sessions, however, there was no personal consistency in magnitude of kinesthetic figural aftereffects, although there was highly stable performance on a concealed-figures test, a measure of the field-articulation cognitive control. The data are discussed in terms of their relevance for measurement of traits and organismic states.

Relationship of kinesthetic figural aftereffect to masculinity-femininity and expectation for internal versus external control of reinforcement.

60 introductory psychology students (30 male, 30 female) were administered KFAE in ascending and descending trials, using both dominant and non-dominant hands, followed by an embedded-figures test and 145 items from personality tests (Masculinity-Femininity scale of Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey, Rotter I-E Scale, and the combined self-actualization scale of Shostrom's Personal Orientation Inventory). Hand dominance but not sex affected KFAE. No stable relation appeared between the personality measures and spatial aftereffect from kinesthetic stimulation for men or women.

EEG-Averaged Evoked Response and Perceptual Variability in Schizophrenics

PERCEPTUAL and cognitive studies of schizophrenic patients characteristically reveal great variability. Not only does the performance of schizophrenics on psychological tests typically cover a much broader response range than that of nonschizophrenics, but individual performance shows great variability across time. 1 By selecting representatives of two schizophrenic subtypes as subjects for this study, we hoped to reduce interindividual variability, thus enabling ourselves to observe intraindividual variability more clearly. The two subtypes, nonparanoid long-term process and paranoid short-term reactive, have clinical characteristics often thought to be consistently associated with markedly different perceptual behavior patterns. 1 To test the hypothesis that the two groups show contrasting perceptual patterns, two psychophysical tasks and an average evoked response (AER) measure were administered. In previous researches, a correlation was demonstrated in normal waking-state subjects between reponsiveness on a kinesthetic figural aftereffects (KFA) procedure and responsiveness on an AER

Effect of instructional set on kinesthetic figural aftereffects.

Effect of instructional set on kinesthetic figural aftereffects.

Stimulus Intensity Control and the Cortical Evoked Response

Cortical evoked potentials to light flashes of 4 intensities and performances on a kinesthetic figural after-effects perceptual task (KFA) were obtained from normal and nonparanoid schizophrenic subjects. In previous studies it had been shown that individual differences in perception of stimulus int

KINESTHETIC AFTEREFFECTS ARE IN THE HANDS, NOT IN PHENOMENAL SPACE.

Kinesthetic figural aftereffects (KFAE) were measured in 44 Ss to determine whether satiation occurs in the hands or in phenomenal three-dimensional space. KFAE of equal sign and magnitude occurred in the hands handling the satiation objects whether the arms were crossed or uncrossed during the satiation period. Therefore the satiation effect is in the hands, not in phenomenal space.

QUANTITATIVE TACTUAL-KINESTHETIC JUDGMENT.

The results of a previous experiment showed that a bilateral kinesthetic difference did not obtain when tactual-kinesthetic judgments were made with the left and right hands. The present experiment was designed to eliminate the possible contribution of visual and kinesthetic figural aftereffects to the directional bias of errors. Results indicate that performance was equivalent with the left and right hands.

A RE-EXAMINATION OF KINESTHETIC FIGURAL AFTEREFFECTS IN THE BRAIN-INJURED.

Kinesthetic figural aftereffects (KFAE) were measured on 46 brain-damaged and 24 control Ss, following the method of Klein and Krech (K&K). Although occasional trends in the data were consistent with K&K's finding that brain-injured Ss are more susceptible to KFAE, most of the data did not clearly corroborate their earlier finding to a statistically convincing degree, even though a larger number of Ss was used in this study than in K&K's.

KINESTHETIC FIGURAL AFTEREFFECTS: SATIATION OR CONTRAST.

KINESTHETIC FIGURAL AFTEREFFECTS: SATIATION OR CONTRAST.

The Role of the Interpolated Stimulus in Producing Kinesthetic Figural After-Effects

Broadbent and Northrup, however, independently found that pseudo-after-effects occurred after a number of trials when an inspection-block was not interpolated.2 They suggested, therefore, that the pseudo-after-effects resulted from shifts in the scale of judgment caused by repeated experience with the tapered comparison-block. Broadbent also suggested that the interpolated experience of the inspection-block may cause the forgetting of a previous series of judgments thus resulting in a greater bias in the judgments following the period of stimulation. Costello is of the opinion that Broadbent relegates the inspection-block to a too minor role. He believes that the experience with the inspection-block has a direct effect on the frame of reference relating the test-block to the comparison-block rather than merely interfering with the frame of reference established by earlier trials.3 This proposal is supported by the finding of Charles and Duncan that the amount of the after-effect first increased and then decreased as the difference in width between the testand inspection-block increased.4 That after-effects are produced by the interpolated inspection-block through a change in the frame of reference relating the test-block to the comparison-block rather than by the production of cortical satiation has been suggested also by Northrup. She found that after-effects produced by just holding the inspectionblock were significantly greater than those produced by the standard satiation procedure of rubbing the inspection-block.6 This finding would appear to be more in

Effect of post-inspection delay upon kinesthetic figural aftereffects.

Effect of post-inspection delay upon kinesthetic figural aftereffects.

The effects of meprobamate on kinesthetic figural after-effects.

The effects of 800 mg. meprobamate on kinesthetic figural after‐effects were investigated. There was a tendency for subjects to overestimate the test block width during pre‐stimulation trials. This tendency was found to be negatively correlated with extraversion as measured by the M.P.I. (1959). Meprobamate reduced the tendency of subjects to overestimate the test block width during pre‐stimulation trials and also reduced the size of the figural after‐effects produced by rubbing a stimulus block wider than the test block. Results for ascending and descending trials were analysed separately and the above effects were found only in the case of the descending trials. The effect of the interpolated stimulus block in producing figural after‐effects is discussed in terms of the changing of the frame of reference set up between the test block and comparison block. Extraversion was not significantly correlated with any of the measures of figural after‐effect.

Note on the Relationship between Figural Aftereffects and Intelligence in Diffusely Brain-Damaged Individuals

It has been reported that mentally deficient individuals or individuals with brain damage of long tand ding do not reveal visual figural aftereffects (V-FAE) to the same extent as normals (Spitz & Blackman, 1959; Spivack & Levine, 1 9 5 9 ) . Similar findings are reported for kinesthetic figural aftereffects (K-FAE) (Mark, 1955; Spitz & Lipman, in press). It has also been reported by Spivack and Levine (1959) that in a group of female brain-damaged Ss there was a significant positive relationship between V-FAE and intelligence as measured by a multiple-choice vocabulary test (Miner, 1957) . The purpose of the present communication is to report on the relationship between V-FAE and intelligence in a group of brain-damaged males. The procedure employed closely approximates that used earlier (Spivack & Levine, 1959) . Twenty-eight braindamaged males (age range, 14 to 3 9 ) were compared with 28 emotionally disturbed males (age range 13 to 19) and 20 normal males (ages 13 to 1 9 ) . A significant V-FAE was obtained only in the normal group. There was no significant correlation of age with V-FAE scores in any group. For each group, the vocabulary scores were compared for those showing a positive V-FAE and those not having a positive V-FAE. The only significant difference was found in the brain-damaged group, indicating that those brain-damaged individuals with a positive V-FAE had significant lower vocabulary test scores than those not having a positive V-FAE. The present finding with a group of m d e brain-damaged Ss is exactly the opposite of previously reported findings with female brain-damaged Ss. The different signs of the correlations bring to mind Barthol's (1958) results, indicating significant correlations between K-FAE and phi thresholds for both males and females. Here the signs of the correlations differed for each sex. The meaning and relationship, if any, of our findings and Barthol's, are obscure.

Attention and the Kinesthetic Figural After-Effect

Attention and the Kinesthetic Figural After-Effect

Constant Errors in the Measurement of Kinesthetic Figural After-Effects

Constant Errors in the Measurement of Kinesthetic Figural After-Effects

Influence of Inspection of a Visually Curved Field on Kinesthetic Figural After-Effects

The occurrence of figural afcer-effects in kinesthesis has been demonstrated (Gibson, 1933; Nachmias, 1953). Jaffe (1956) has shown that stimulation in one sensory modality (vision) can lead to figural after-effects in a second modality (kinesthesis). In his study, the tactual perception of the width of a strip of metal was altered depending upon the width of a previously perceived visual stimulus. The present experiment also examines intermodality (visual upon kinesthetic) figural afcer-effects of shape or curvacure. Procedure.-For 14 min. 24 undergraduates, 12 men and 12 women, inspected a white visual field upon which were straight horizontal black lines. Ss wore 25 prism dioprer lenses. For half of the Ss the lenses curved the bladc lines in a convex direction, and for the other half the lenses curved the lines in a concave Upon removal of the lenses after 14 min., Ss looked at the lines and were given 3 trials, during each of which they ran both hands over the length of a flat metal rod which was in front of them but hidden from view. S reported curvature and of such curvature for each trial. Unknown to S, even though E appeared to be adjusting the metal rod, the rod was straight for all three trials. Following the three trials, S reported any curvature and of curvacure in the black-lined field. Rera1ts.-Ss' three tactual judgments were combined into one score; or straight. Any directional tendency for the combined three judgments was scored in the appropriate (i.e., straight, was scored up, was scored down, etc.). Complete variability in the three judgments (up, straight, down) was scored as direction. A test for sex differences revealed no significant differences (x2 = .02, p = .90 > .80), hence Ss were combined into one group. Experiments have shown that figural after-effects are displaced away from the previously satiated locus, and it was expected that the curvacure in the kinesthetic figural after-effect would be in the opposite direccion from the visually perceived curvature. Each S's score (up, or no direction) was, therefore, converted into a score in the expected (opposite to the visual curvature), in the opposite (the same as the visual curvature) or left as a direction score. Table 1 indicates that 12 of the 24 Ss reported an in the expected direction, 1 S reported an in the opposite direccion, and 11 Ss reported no effect. A one-tailed sign test, corrected for continuity and splitting the effect Ss into the expected and opposite groups, was used to test for

Effect of Duration of Inspection upon Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffects

(1961). Effect of Duration of Inspection upon Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffects. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 65, No. 1, pp. 163-169.

A comparison of mental retardates and normals on kinesthetic figural aftereffects.

A comparison of mental retardates and normals on kinesthetic figural aftereffects.

Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffect under a Drowsy State Induced by Hypnosis

Kinesthetic Figural Aftereffect under a Drowsy State Induced by Hypnosis