The present study extends the existing three-scale constitutive model to investigate the mechanical response of mudstone under cyclic loading conditions. The research framework encompasses macro, meso, and micro scales, with the mudstone sample treated as a macro Representative Volume Element (RVE) at the macroscale, bonded and frictional elements with distinct mesostructures at the mesoscale, and three-phase composites with varying micro-component contents at the microscale. The transitions at micro, meso, and macro scales are realized through various homogenization methods and the refined binary medium framework.To enhance the model’s predictive capabilities under cyclic loading, isotropic and kinematic hardening effects are introduced to capture the elastoplastic behavior of the frictional elements. To further enhance the model’s numerical stability and convergence, the fixed-point iteration method is introduced to leverage the relationships among macroscopic strain, and the strains of the bonded and frictional elements within the binary-medium framework. Model verification against experimental data enables the prediction of stress and deformation patterns in mudstone samples subjected to cyclic loading, with a notable reduction in model parameters. The model’s enhanced capabilities in capturing material behavior and numerical stability make it a valuable tool for analyzing the response of mudstone structures to cyclic loading scenarios.