Kind Of Transition Research Articles

Transformation in the forest: the role for restoration in the transition away from native forestry in Australia

The native forestry industry is being reconsidered, or actively phased out, across most parts of Australia. This kind of transition has happened elsewhere in the world but, in Australia, there is no clarity from governments about what those forestry areas will become, from an ecological or legal perspective. In this research, we investigate the ecological, climatic, and governance contexts for this transition away from native forestry, placing our results in the context of the Global Biodiversity Framework's push to restore 30% of the Earth's land, coasts and oceans. We demonstrate important gaps in government planning for the future of former native forestry coupes, arguing that “after forestry” many of these places will need active intervention to recover these ecosystems and address historic land degradation. This case study combines legal analysis with a review of the restoration literature to illustrate the importance of the governance framework within which restoration science is evolving. We demonstrate the complexity of governing restoration at large scales as the climate changes, as well as potential opportunities to reconcile fragmented governance arrangements, to ensure that this transition results in resilient forest ecosystems in currently degraded areas.

Trade-off or complement? An exploratory study on students’ game behavior and learning behavior in a math spatial educational game

ABSTRACT The combination of playing and learning is a pivotal feature but also a key challenge in educational games. To investigate whether playing and learning are trade-off or complementary activities, this study explores students’ distinction and transition between game behavior and learning behavior in a math spatial educational game for cube nets learning. A total of 402 fourth graders used the educational game over a 3-week period, with one lesson per week. Behavior log data, questionnaire data, and interview data were collected. The results show that the students could distinguish between game behavior and learning behavior mainly based on the related content of the behavior and their perceptions of the behavior characteristics. Two kinds of transition between game behavior and learning behavior were identified, namely the explicit large-scale cross transition and the implicit small-scale tight transition, which suggest a complementary relationship between playing and learning in educational games. Furthermore, compared with the students with lower learning outcomes, the students with higher learning outcomes were more likely to induce behavior patterns involving virtuous circles between playing and learning. The findings of this study have implications for effective educational game design going forward, in which playing and learning are appropriately combined.

Severe perturbation and observation of forbidden transitions in asymmetrically deuterated methanol (CHD2OH) and atlas of very accurate torsional rotational spectrum obtained using Synchrotron radiation

High-resolution spectral studies have been continued for the doubly deuterated methanol species (CHD2OH) in the entire region from far infrared (FIR) to Infrared (IR). The spectrum has been obtained using a conventional Fourier transform spectrometer and the state-of-the-art Synchrotron radiation-based spectrometer with unprecedented resolution and very high signal-to-noise (S/N). During the investigation severe perturbation was encountered. The perturbation has been characterized as due to first and second-order Coriolis interaction. The interaction affected a wide range of states and caused the spectral study quite challenging. The perturbation caused a variety of mixing of states producing hybrid states. This hybridization resulted in producing a large number of transitions which should not be allowed by the dipole selection rules via the “intensity borrowing effect”. It was possible to identify a large number of such forbidden transitions that gain sufficient strength through the “Intensity borrowing” effect. The transitions connecting to these perturbed states have been analyzed using standard Coriolis interaction formulae. The possibility of “Fermi” interaction has been excluded as the interaction is highly dependent on the rotational quantum number J. In general, this kind of transition should be excluded from global analysis and should be treated in isolation. It is pertinent to note that some previously published works studied these states using un-substantiated assignments being perhaps unaware of the perturbation. Corrections have been suggested for the analysis and understanding of the properties of the energy levels which have subtle differences with the energy levels of normal asymmetric molecules. In all, available microwave (MW) millimeter wave (MMW) far infrared (FIR), and infrared (IR) assignments have been put together to prepare the most accurate and and complete atlas of about 12,000 spectral lines. This atlas (Appendix A) should be considered a work-in-progress supplement to this paper and supersedes all other lists known to date on this species can be had from one of us (IM) or via Researchgate.

COMBINATIONS AND SEQUENCES OF LIFE TRANSITIONS DURING A 10 YEAR PERIOD AROUND RETIREMENT AGE

Abstract Our lives can be characterized as periods of stability, alternating with events that bring about change of both practical and psychological nature which require some life adjustment. The scope and depth of such life transitions are related to the kind of event, but also to whether it is perceived as positive or negative, occurs together with other events, addresses an entirely new topic or something that is biographically familiar, comes after a long period of stability or if it is an event in a chain of events occurring shortly after one another. Applying a quantitative approach to qualitative interview data from the Swedish German HoT-age project (N=50; mean age=69; 50% men), life transitions were analysed by means of sequential and configural frequency analysis. During an approximate 10-year period around retirement age, the participants experienced in average 3.7 life transitions and 24% of them more than five. Fifteen different kinds of transitions (retirement, relocation, divorce/separation, new partner, chronic illness etc) were recorded. Besides retirement experienced by almost all (96%), relocation (66%), becoming a grandparent (40%) and chronic illness (40%) were most frequent. The transitions significantly more often (p=0.041) occurring in combination were retirement and relocation. Those who had experienced chronic illness often had a sequence of several events preceding the illness recorded as a transition. Those who found a new partner often had a sequence of events after that. Large variation in sequences and distances between events were found. This study contributes with new knowledge on life transitions around retirement age.

Frequency Analysis of Transition Words in Students’ Paragraphs

Transitional words make any piece of writing flow logically. If properly applied, they give writing cohesion and coherence. The use of proper transitions may be difficult for non-native speakers, particularly for second and foreign language learners. This study examines how frequently students use transitional phrases in their paragraphs. Thirty-six paragraphs written by students of the Department of English-College of Education at Salahaddin University in a writing course serve as the sample of the study. Knowing how frequently transitional words appear in student-written paragraphs is the main goal of the study. Depending on the research goal, the following questions are addressed by this study: How often do students use transitional words? What kinds of transitions do they typically use? The study can help teachers guide their students toward writing more effectively by suggesting appropriate transitions. The study uses quantitative content analysis to determine the frequency of transition words in paragraphs written by first-year students. Using JASP software that recognized and recorded the frequency of transition words, the paragraphs were examined. The outcomes reveal that students employ a range of transitional words, with “and” being the most popular transition. The results imply that students know how crucial transition words are for linking ideas in their writing. To learn more about how transition words and expressions affect the general coherence and clarity of students’ writing, more research is required

Post Pandemic Learning Culture : Which is Your Choice?

The Covid-19 influenced the way we live the lives including those in educational sector. This paper seeks to find the habit of the students in the learning process as it is a kind of transition from offline classes-on line classes and off line classes. The quantitative descriptive research approach used in this study narrates the data in light of the respondents' responses and assigns pertinent meanings students from semester three through seven who have participated in both on line and off line learning activities serve as the study's subjects in order to reflect on variations in learning styles. Answers to surveys distributed to respondents via the Google form were used to collect the data. The researcher can infer from the research's findings that the students themselves may find some of the responses to be perplexing. For instance, when asked again, the majority of them preferred the face-to-face learning approach despite their initial claims that online learning was more flexible and provided sufficient knowledge. This demonstrates that, despite the widespread usage of a number of new habits in the form of on line platforms, face-to-face instruction is still the preferred method for them. The paper conclude that the Covid-19 pandemic can influence the way the students learn in which, in some occasions are positive

Casting and recycling of insoluble, labile single-crystal coordination polymer through reversible solid-liquid-solid transition

•Reversible solid-liquid-solid transition of insoluble, labile Prussian blue •Casting single-crystal Prussian blue with diverse shapes or compositions •All the cast Prussian blue can be recycled in a loop •Casting process leads to a significant improvement in the properties/performance Reversible solid-liquid-solid transition controlled by temperature or solvent plays a vital role in manufacturing and recycling many important materials. However, this kind of transition is hard to be realized for insoluble and labile materials, for instance coordination polymers. In this work, we introduce a volatile dissociating agent to realize reversible liquification and solidification of a kind of coordination polymer, Prussian blue. The Prussian blue powders are disassociated into electrolytic solution by hydrochloride acid (the volatile dissociating agent) and transformed back to solids via volatilization of the hydrochloride vapor. Using this solid-liquid-solid transition, Prussian blue powders are cast into single crystals with various shapes (i.e., inverse opal, mesoporous) or single-crystal matrix composites with functional networks encapsulated (i.e., carbon, silicon, TiO2). Significant improvements of the performance of Prussian blue in secondary battery, seawater battery, water treatment, etc., are observed after casting. Moreover, all of the cast Prussian blue materials can be recycled. Reversible solid-liquid-solid transition controlled by temperature or solvent plays a vital role in manufacturing and recycling many important materials. However, this kind of transition is hard to be realized for insoluble and labile materials, for instance coordination polymers. In this work, we introduce a volatile dissociating agent to realize reversible liquification and solidification of a kind of coordination polymer, Prussian blue. The Prussian blue powders are disassociated into electrolytic solution by hydrochloride acid (the volatile dissociating agent) and transformed back to solids via volatilization of the hydrochloride vapor. Using this solid-liquid-solid transition, Prussian blue powders are cast into single crystals with various shapes (i.e., inverse opal, mesoporous) or single-crystal matrix composites with functional networks encapsulated (i.e., carbon, silicon, TiO2). Significant improvements of the performance of Prussian blue in secondary battery, seawater battery, water treatment, etc., are observed after casting. Moreover, all of the cast Prussian blue materials can be recycled.

Co-constructing Dynamic thick / Deep Maps for Doing Transformative Transdisciplinary Research (TTDR) in the Context of Complex Sustainability Transitions

Embarking upon sustainability transitions <i>from</i> an unsustainable <i>towards</i> a more sustainable world is a complex undertaking which cannot be approached with one-size-fits-all approaches (panaceas). The social and institutional arrangements necessary for performing this double-movement, inherent in all sustainability transitions, never takes place within exactly the same set of (universal) conditions, but rather under radically different contextual conditions. Ontologically speaking, it is possible to distinguish at least three fundamentally different kinds of sustainability transitions namely: <i>clear</i>, <i>complicated</i> and <i>complex </i>transitions – each with its own internal transitioning logics and dynamics – warranting different methodological approaches. The consequences of approaching <i>all</i> transitions as if they were essentially the same, with one-size-fits-all methodologies, runs the risk of falling into the trap of path-dependency – i.e. becoming (permanently) locked into pursuing certain dominant – single-track – transitioning pathways, regardless of the contexts in which the transitions are embedded. One way of avoiding this is through methodological agility (MA) –a meta-level research strategy which has purposely been developed for knowing <i>when</i> and <i>how</i> to switch between mono-, multi-, inter- and trans-disciplinary research approaches when facing said ontologically different kinds of transitions. The purpose of this paper is to focus specifically on <i>complex</i> transitions and some of the key methodological challenges we face when dealing with the emergence and subsequent fluidity of these challenges. As a starting point, performing the double movement in complex transitioning processes means / implies dealing with multiple non-linear transitioning pathways between ill-defined current and future states as opposed to more linear transitioning pathways between well-defined current and future states when dealing with clear and complicated situations. However, the prospect of facing the <i>complexity</i> of complex transitioning challenges can quite easily be construed as things being <i>overly</i> <i>complex</i> to deal with, especially at a practical level of working with real-world sustainability transitions. Overcoming this concern will be addressed in this paper by introducing the co-constructing of dynamic thick / deep maps as an appropriate practical, research method for being methodologically agile when <i>performing</i> TTDR.

Eigenvalue Crossing as a Phase Transition in Relaxation Dynamics.

When a system's parameter is abruptly changed, a relaxation toward the new equilibrium of the system follows. We show that a crossing between the second and third eigenvalues of the relaxation operator results in a singularity in the dynamics analogous to a first-order equilibrium phase transition. While dynamical phase transitions are intrinsically hard to detect in nature, here we show how this kind of transition can be observed in an experimentally feasible four-state colloidal system. Finally, analytical proof of survival in the thermodynamic limit of a many body (1D Ising) model is provided.

The need for multicomponent dust attenuation in modeling nebular emission: Constraints from SDSS-IV MaNGA

A fundamental assumption adopted in nearly every extragalactic study that analyzes optical emission lines is that the attenuation of different emission lines can be described by a single attenuation curve, scaled by a single reddening parameter, usually E(B − V). Here we show this assumption fails in many cases with important implications for derived results. We developed a new method to measure the differential nebular attenuation among three kinds of transitions: the Balmer lines of hydrogen; high-ionization transitions (&gt; 13.6 eV) including [Ne III], [O III], and [S III]; and low-ionization transitions (≲13.6 eV) including [O II], [N II], and [S II]. This method bins the observed data in a multidimensional space spanned by attenuation-insensitive line ratios. Within each small bin, the variations in nebular parameters such as the metallicity and ionization parameter are negligible compared to the variation in the nebular attenuation. This allowed us to measure the nebular attenuation using both forbidden lines and Balmer lines. We applied this method to a sample of 2.4 million star-forming (SF) spaxels from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. We found that the attenuation of high ionization lines and Balmer lines can be well described by a single Fitzpatrick (1999, PASP, 111, 63) extinction curve with RV = 3.1. However, no single attenuation curve can simultaneously account for these transitions and the derived attenuation of low-ionization lines. This strongly suggests that different lines have different effective attenuations, likely because spectroscopy at hundreds of parsecs to kiloparsecs of resolution mixes multiple physical regions that exhibit different intrinsic line ratios and different levels of attenuation. As a result, the assumption that different lines follow the same attenuation curve breaks down. Using a single attenuation curve determined by Balmer lines to correct attenuation-sensitive forbidden line ratios could bias the nebular parameters derived by 0.06–0.25 dex at AV = 1, depending on the details of the dust attenuation model. Observations of a statistically large sample of H II regions with high spatial resolutions and large spectral coverage are vital for improved modeling and deriving accurate corrections for this effect.

A Conversation with … Cecilia Aragon PhD, Champion Aerobatic Pilot, on Grace Under Pressure.

A Conversation with … Cecilia Aragon PhD, Champion Aerobatic Pilot, on Grace Under Pressure.

Complexity Phase Diagram for Interacting and Long-Range Bosonic Hamiltonians.

We classify phases of a bosonic lattice model based on the computational complexity of classically simulating the system. We show that the system transitions from being classically simulable to classically hard to simulate as it evolves in time, extending previous results to include on-site number-conserving interactions and long-range hopping. Specifically, we construct a complexity phase diagram with easy and hard "phases" and derive analytic bounds on the location of the phase boundary with respect to the evolution time and the degree of locality. We find that the location of the phase transition is intimately related to upper bounds on the spread of quantum correlations and protocols to transfer quantum information. Remarkably, although the location of the transition point is unchanged by on-site interactions, the nature of the transition point does change. Specifically, we find that there are two kinds of transitions, sharp and coarse, broadly corresponding to interacting and noninteracting bosons, respectively. Our Letter motivates future studies of complexity in many-body systems and its interplay with the associated physical phenomena.

Bifurcation, stability, and critical slowing down in a simple mass–spring system

We analyse a simple mass–spring system as an accessible context for showcasing how continuous changes to system parameters can lead to critical transitions (‘tipping points’). Two kinds of transition are explored in particular: saddle–node bifurcations, due to changes in a mass forcing parameter a; and pitchfork bifurcations, due to changes in a spring separation parameter X. Both types of bifurcation arise as features of a cusp catastrophe characterised in X−a parameter space by the critical curve X2/3+a2/3=1, leading to hysteresis cycles, as described by C. Ong (2021), and non-reversible pitchfork catastrophes, which are discussed here for the first time. In each case we demonstrate critical slowing down of the oscillation period τ→∞ as the system approaches bifurcation.

A Quest for Remembrance: The Underworld in Classical and Modern Literature

A Quest for Remembrance: The Underworld in Classical and Modern Literature

Clustering experience replay for the effective exploitation in reinforcement learning

Reinforcement learning is a useful tool for training an agent to effectively achieve the desired goal in the sequential decision-making problem. It trains the agent to make decision by exploiting the experience in the transitions resulting from the different decisions. To exploit this experience, most reinforcement learning methods replay the explored transitions by uniform sampling. But in this way, it is easy to ignore the last explored transitions. Another way to exploit this experience defines the priority of each transition by the estimation error in training and then replays the transitions according to their priorities. But it only updates the priorities of the transitions replayed at the current training time step, thus the transitions with low priorities will be ignored. In this paper, we propose a clustering experience replay, called CER, to effectively exploit the experience hidden in all explored transitions in the current training. CER clusters and replays the transitions by a divide-and-conquer framework based on time division as follows. Firstly, it divides the whole training process into several periods. Secondly, at the end of each period, it uses k-means to cluster the transitions explored in this period. Finally, it constructs a conditional probability density function to ensure that all kinds of transitions will be sufficiently replayed in the current training. We construct a new method, TD3_CER, to implement our clustering experience replay on TD3. Through the theoretical analysis and experiments, we illustrate that our TD3_CER is more effective than the existing reinforcement learning methods. The source code can be downloaded from https://github.com/grcai/CER-Master.

New Dimensionless Number for the Transition from Viscous to Turbulent Flow

Within the framework of Classical Continuum Thermomechanics, we consider an unsteady isothermal flow of a simple isotropic linear viscous fluid in the liquid state to investigate the transient flow conditions. Despite the attention paid to this problem by several research works, it seems that the understanding of turbulence in these flow conditions is controversial. We propose a dimensionless procedure that highlights some aspects related to the transition from viscous to turbulent flow which occurs when a finite amplitude pressure wave travels through the fluid. This kind of transition is demonstrated to be described by a (first) dimensionless number, which involves the bulk viscosity. Furthermore, in the turbulent flow regime, we show the role played by a (second) dimensionless number, which involves the turbulent bulk viscosity, in entropy production. Within the frame of the 1D model, we test the performance of the dimensionless procedure using experimental data on the pressure waves propagation in a long pipe (water hammer phenomenon). The obtained numerical results show good agreement with the experimental data. The results’ inspection confirms the predominant role of the turbulent bulk viscosity on energy dissipation processes.

Emerging chimera states under nonidentical counter-rotating oscillators.

Frequency plays a crucial role in exhibiting various collective dynamics in the coexisting corotating and counter-rotating systems. To illustrate the impact of counter-rotating frequencies, we consider a network of nonidentical and globally coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators with additional perturbation. Primarily, we investigate the dynamical transitions in the absence of perturbation, demonstrating that the transition from desynchronized state to cluster oscillatory state occurs through an interesting partial synchronization state in the oscillatory regime. Following this, the system dynamics transits to amplitude death and oscillation death states. Importantly, we find that the observed dynamical states do not preserve the parity (P) symmetry in the absence of perturbation. When the perturbation is increased one can note that the system dynamics exhibits a kind of transition which corresponds to a change from incoherent mixed synchronization to coherent mixed synchronization through a chimera state. In particular, incoherent mixed synchronization and coherent mixed synchronization states completely preserve the P symmetry, whereas the chimera state preserves the P symmetry only partially. To demonstrate the occurrence of such partial symmetry-breaking (chimera) state, we use basin stability analysis and discover that partial symmetry breaking exists as a result of the coexistence of symmetry-preserving and symmetry-breaking behavior in the initial state space. Further, a measure of the strength of P symmetry is established to quantify the P symmetry in the observed dynamical states. Subsequently, the dynamical transitions are investigated in the parametric spaces. Finally, by increasing the network size, the robustness of the chimera state is also inspected, and we find that the chimera state is robust even in networks of larger sizes. We also show the generality of the above results in the related reduced phase. model as well as in other coupled models such as the globally coupled van der Pol and Rössler oscillators.

ИЗ ИСТОРИИ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ ПСИХОЛОГИИ: ПЕРВЫЕ СОВЕТСКИЕ УЧЕБНИКИ 1920 1930 Х ГГ.

The article analyzes soviet textbooks on psychology in the 1920 1930s till the Decree «On pedological perversions in the system of the People's Commissariat of Education» of July 4, 1936. The works of K. N. Kornilov, V. A. Artemov, N. A. Bernshtein, L. S. Vygotsky, N. F. Dobrynin, A. R. Luria, P. S. Lyubimov, S. M. Vasileisky, A. A. Gayvorovsky, S. M. Verzhbolovich, A. P. Boltunov and G. E. Shumkov are examined. Their textbooks, practicums, anthologies and manuals are discussed. The main core of educational publications were works written by employees of Moscow state institute of experimental psychology under the guidance of K. N. Kornilov. This was reflected in the theoretical and methodological principles on which the authors stood when developing their textbooks: in many of them the concept of reaction was central, and the interpretation of various mental phenomena was carried out from the standpoint of reactology. The second group of educational works used other psychological approaches common at that time — foreign Gestalt psychology, pre-revolutionary Russian empirical and experimental psychology, Soviet reflexology. However, since the early 1930s and after the reactological discussion in 1931, educational developments within the framework of reactology and other original psychological trends were practically curtailed. The last textbook of the period under study, published by K. N. Kornilov in 1934, became a kind of transition from the period of theoretical and methodological pluralism in Soviet psychology to a homogeneous field of psychological science and education based on Marxism. Consideration of Soviet textbooks on psychology in the 1920 1930s allows analyzing not only the characteristics of psychological education of this period, but also determining their theoretical and methodological foundations, on which the teaching course or educational-methodological publication was built.

First-principles Study on Piezoelectricity and Spontaneous Polarization in Bi(Fe,Co)O3

Solid solution BiFe1-xCoxO3 shows anti-ferromagnetic order and pyroelectric order, simultaneously. It has been known that BiFe1-xCoxO3 exhibits a structural phase transition between monoclinic and tetragonal phases as x increases. This kinds of transition is often called morphotoropic phase boundary, which is well known to take place in a representative piezoelectric oxide, PbZr1-xTixO3. In order to theoretically understand the piezoelectric property in BiFe1-xCoxO3, we performed ab-initio electronic-structure calculations and studied the structural stability, the magnetic property, and the electronic polarization by means of super-cell approach. It turns out that the large electric polarization and the particular pyramidal coordination suppress the response of the electric polarization under strain. A way to enhance the piezoelectric effect in BiFe1-xCoxO3 is proposed.

State space splitting of a finite markov process and some discussions on related counting processes

In this paper, state space of a time-homogeneous Markov process is split into several ordered subspaces. Then, there are three kinds of transitions between states—transitions from a higher-order subspace to a lower-order subspace, transitions within the same subspace, and transitions from a lower-order subspace to a higher-order subspace. Considering time interval omission problem and first passage time considered, we define some related counting processes for the Markov process and discuss their associated probabilities, expectations and generating functions by using Laplace transform. The main results are presented in matrix forms. The relationships among counting processes and their special cases are also discussed briefly. Some simple numerical examples are presented to illustrate the established results. These results will be useful in different problems arising in reliability, economics and social science fields.