Kind Of Thinking Research Articles

How We Got Here: Connectivity, Creativity, Confluence and Internet Culture

ABSTRACT There are more innovations today than at any time in human history. The companies that value creativity and diversity of ideas in their hires are the ones most likely to thrive. Indeed, the key asset of a corporation is the abilities, innovativeness, and creativity of its employees. The authors construct a timeline of critical events leading up to today's highly networked and interconnected world with its ubiquitous social media technologies. The current state has been influenced by advances in media, technology, military defense, and commerce. One trend that stands out in this timeline is the increasing rate of change. It also becomes apparent that the companies that will are the ones that are nimble, sensitive to changes in the competitive environment, and can quickly adapt. KEYWORDS: convergence, expert predictions, history of technology, Internet, social media, web 2.0 INTRODUCTION The companies that value creativity and diversity, including diversity of ideas, in their hires are the ones most likely to thrive. After all, we live in the age of creativity, innovation, and sustainability (Hoque & Baer, 2014). This is evidenced by the number of patents issued in recent years. According to Frohlich (2015), more patents were issued by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 2014 than any other time in history. IBM was number one for the 22nd year in a row with 7,534 patents; the total number of patents issued by the USPTO was 300,678 (Frohlich, 2015). Change and innovation is critical in today's business environment. Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, the technology pioneer sometimes known as Grandma COBOL, said Humans are allergic to change. They love to say, 'We've always done it this way.' I try to fight that. (Schieber, 1987). That kind of thinking is deadly today. Even firms once known as being innovative eventually become slow to adapt to changing business conditions. Think of what has happened to such companies as AP Damanpour, 2014; Hamel, 2006; Pavitt, 1990), all of which are necessary components for companies to, maintain performance outcomes and enable an organization to adapt, transform, grow, and survive (Damanpour, 2014). On the flip side, when companies fail, it is often because of management failure and/or a culture resistant to change (i.e. Kodak and Blockbuster) (Gershon, 2013). Thus, it is critical for companies to remain innovative (Pavitt, 1990), and it is a key job of a corporate leader is to create an organizational climate that fosters innovation and creativity. Today's CEOs have to transform their organizations' into ones that are nimble, resilient, quick, and willing to adapt to changing conditions. To sustain competitive advantage, employees should also share knowledge and help each other in order to maximize creativity (Friedman & Lewis, 2014; Raphan & Friedman, 2014). This promotion of intellectual capital has been found to directly affect e-service innovation (Tsou, Chen, & Liao, 2016). …

Life and Art

Dennis Schmidt's book, Word and Image: Heidegger, Klee, and Gadamer on Gesture and Genesis (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2013), is an intense and extraordinarily rich work that moves across history of aesthetics from Kant to Gadamer. It traces with extraordinary insight movement of thinking that responds to artwork and to what painting lets shine forth in of appearance. It also offers to us a genuinely original understanding of aesthetic life and of space of painting that has opened up for our times. The fact that first line of text is about what gave birth to and shaped is no accident. This is all about birth and genesis and new forms of life and about movement that shapes and belongs to this life. I say this without forgetting that it is a about painting. I am tempted to suggest playfully a new title for this book. If I did, it would be something like: Life and Art: Toward an Ethics of Generation and Creativity. But author would no doubt respond that title he did choose, Between Word and Image, says exactly this. Everything hinges on that is so prominently announced in his title. This is about movement and enlivening that occurs between word and image and between image and word, about a doubling of word and image, about possibility of a translation between word and image.As I have already suggested, for me central theme of is relationship of art and life and therefore about how art has capacity to intensify human life and thereby revitalize our experience of life in general. If Schmidt is correct and if his insights take hold, and if modern art has impact on us that it has had on him, then there is hope for us in a increasingly dominated by our desensitization toward and objectification of life-world in which we dwell. This is a theme from Heidegger that Schmidt takes very seriously. Schmidt comments on Heidegger's brief encounter with Klee's artworks and writings and highlights possibilities Heidegger glimpsed for a rekindling of deep connection between techne and phusis, between art and life, that for Heidegger flashed up in Klee's work. He elaborates on what Heidegger sees as difficulty of our times that inhibits any genuine engagement with painting. Schmidt identifies this obstacle to engagement as the still-unthought essence of technicity, essence of production in age. think that essence, one needs to begin by thinking destitution, abandonment, of being in historical present (80). Heidegger saw a renewed possibility for this kind of thinking, that is, for thinking abandonment, in works of Paul Klee, but he never followed up on this insight. Schmidt declares: To pursue possibilities [in Klee's paintings] that Heidegger so abruptly abandons, is intention of this book (80). For Schmidt, works of Klee are, for reasons he shows, exemplary artworks through which we can learn something about modern art in general that may provide an opening in these destitute times for a non-objectifying, life-affirming sense of production. They have potential to break through closure of our times and rekindle our love for and wonder in face of of world (142). Heidegger worries about age of machination that threatens to close us off to possibility of art, and, despite exceptional art of Klee, he is concerned that it is precisely non-objective, abstract art that announces and inscribes this collapse. In contrast, Schmidt sees non-objectivity of modern art as a site for optimism about appearance because it refuses any claim to capture and objectify what cannot be grasped and comprehended. It is for this reason, for example, that Schmidt asserts as a basic conviction of his that nothing less than work of art will suffice 'after Auschwitz' (11). I wonder what Schmidt would say in this regard about Blanchot's work, and whether he shares with him sense that art has to enter into this devastation and stay with it in order to address depth of absence and loss that is indicated by word Auschwitz. …

On Vernacular Rights Cultures and the Political Imaginaries of Haq

In this article, I track the deployment of rights in the vernacular across different subaltern citizen mobilizations in Southern Asia. In order to conceptually capture the ethical dynamism, ideational energy and intellectual innovativeness of this language of rights, I argue that we need yet more complex and different kinds of thinking. I propose the framework of vernacular rights cultures to theories and empirically document the rights politics in ‘most of the world’. A critical aspect of vernacular rights cultures, as a framework of analysis, is its attention to the languages—both literal and conceptual—of rights/human rights and also to the political imaginaries that these languages embody and make available. An important way of documenting and analyzing rights languages and 2 political imaginaries is to examine the justificatory premises that underpin the political struggles around claim making. In this article, I draw attention to three different justificatory premises that underpin the deployment of rights within contemporary subaltern rights struggles rights in India and Pakistan. By attending to the justificatory premises that animate and activate rights in the region, I am insisting not only on a scrupulous politics of location but also a refusal of orginary discourses that dominate human rights politics thinking and politics.

Using robot to motivate computational thinking in high school students

The importance today is the development of computational thinking of technological professionals. This kind of thinking is useful for solving algorithms, analyzing, designing, coding and generating tests in a computer language. Today, obtaining knowledge and skills is related to the use of technology. In this paper, a robot is used as a teaching element to motivate the generation process of computational thinking in students of high school level. Measurement of variables, such as: advantages, interest, competition and operating time serve as indices to determine the degree of acceptance of this educational tool.

Determination of Bending Tensile Strength of Thin Glass

Glass with a thickness of 0.55 up to 2.0 mm can be defined as a thin glass or even as ultra-light. On the market there are several suppliers, which offer such thin glass. On the one hand there are e.g. Gorilla Glass produced by Corning Incorporated or Leoflex by AGC, which are pre-stress by chemical treatment and on the other hand there are soda lime silicate glass products, which are pre-stress by thermal or chemical treatment. Not only the design with thin glass causes a totally new kind of thinking, also possible test scenarios for determination of the ultimate bending strength are currently not distinctly regulated in standards. Some existing test set-ups described in standards e.g. EN 1288 (four-point bending test or large ring on ring test) cannot be used for the determination of the ultimate bending tensile strength of thin glass. Different test set-ups published in several papers show possibilities for alternative determination of ultimate bending strength. These different configurations were investigated and analyzed for their applicability for determination of bending strength of thin glass. This paper gives a summary of theoretical investigation and shows results of experimental testing.

Psycho-Emotional and Functional State in the Process of Intuitive Thinking

The article is devoted to studying the mechanisms of regulating physiological maintenance of mental processes and the possibility of Kirlian photography for assessing psycho-emotional state with intuitive thinking. While doing the tasks connected with the intuition, the students with the low level of intuitive thinking demonstrated the increase in the degree of filling blood hemoglobin with oxygen (saturation) and the increase in heart systole rate (HSR). The change of the indices of the heart rhythm variability – the mode decrease with the simultaneous increase in the mode amplitude and the vegetative indices – indicates the activation of both sympathetic and central mechanisms of mental processes regulation. The tension index of the regulatory systems (RS) allows us to judge about the mental process activity. The students were in the state of the compensated distress. All indices of the heart rhythm variability of the students with the medium intuition level indicate the central mechanisms of regulating the intuitive thinking processes. The increase in saturation, increased RS on the background of HSR decrease in the students of this group reveals a special functional state connected with the doubled control over the processes. The area of the Kirlian luminescence crown around the right hand forth finger is increased in all students with intuitive thinking. The energetic luminescence degree of the corresponding finger reveals the level of development of this kind of thinking: the higher the level of intuitive thinking, the more the luminescence area. Due to its high sensitivity, the Kirlian method can be applied for revealing the student’s individuality that is not identified by the psychological tests.

Psycho-Emotional and Functional State in the Process of Intuitive Thinking

The article is devoted to studying the mechanisms of regulating physiological maintenance of mental processes and the possibility of Kirlian photography for assessing psycho-emotional state with intuitive thinking. While doing the tasks connected with the intuition, the students with the low level of intuitive thinking demonstrated the increase in the degree of filling blood hemoglobin with oxygen (saturation) and the increase in heart systole rate (HSR). The change of the indices of the heart rhythm variability – the mode decrease with the simultaneous increase in the mode amplitude and the vegetative indices – indicates the activation of both sympathetic and central mechanisms of mental processes regulation. The tension index of the regulatory systems (RS) allows us to judge about the mental process activity. The students were in the state of the compensated distress. All indices of the heart rhythm variability of the students with the medium intuition level indicate the central mechanisms of regulating the intuitive thinking processes. The increase in saturation, increased RS on the background of HSR decrease in the students of this group reveals a special functional state connected with the doubled control over the processes. The area of the Kirlian luminescence crown around the right hand forth finger is increased in all students with intuitive thinking. The energetic luminescence degree of the corresponding finger reveals the level of development of this kind of thinking: the higher the level of intuitive thinking, the more the luminescence area. Due to its high sensitivity, the Kirlian method can be applied for revealing the student’s individuality that is not identified by the psychological tests.

Subjektien tilallinen paikantuminen Zadie Smithin romaanissa White Teeth


 
 
 Spatial Positioning of Subjects in Zadie Smith’s White Teeth
 The aim of this article is to scrutinize how space a ects and shapes construction of gender and ethnicity in Zadie Smith’s (b.1975) novel White Teeth (2000). Smith’s debut novel has been highly acclaimed not only for its portrayal of contemporary British multicultural society but also for its deep and multileveled narration. Today the novel is an important part of Black British Literature and it has gained a lot of academic attention – especially from postcolonial critics – since its publication.
 This article is built around three di erent kinds of ”you know” expressions found in the novel. All these expressions concern knowledge of intersectional categories of gender and ethnicity. e intersectional identity categories are always constructed in a space, thus positioning subjects and constructing an identity is always a spatial phenomenon. Space is not an empty container or a simple background but a socially produced entity.
 Thematic meanings of ”you know” expressions vary. First reveals racialized and gendered subject positions into which subjects are discursively positioned. However, it also denotes a break in such kind of thinking.
 Second expression of knowledge is linked to nationality and Englishness. e relation of ethnicity and nationality are analysed by using Michel Foucault’s concepts of utopia and heterotopia. e idea of homogenous and unitary nation is questioned by a metaphor of a mirror but also by revealing the image of an ”English Rose” to be nothing but an often enough repeated illusion, a cultural image without a real reference point.
 Third and last knowledge phrase analysed in the article is presented in a form of a question. Question form allows de nitions considering subjectivity and identity to be left open. Even though occupying empty space i.e. to be wholly disconnected from various kind of discursive positionings is not possible, White Teeth nevertheless illustra­ tes that subject positions are always only partial. e question mark suggests that there truly are spaces for questioning xed, normative constructions of gender and ethnicity.
 
 

Dziecięce rozumienie świata – w poszukiwaniu uzasadnień postępowania badawczego

Reflecting on the understanding of the world from the perspective of children is significant for several reasons. First, it allows us to examine the kind of thinking and actions of children which is of an interpretative nature: it reveals not only the child’s personal knowledge, but above all, the ways of understanding, categorising and evaluating an ambiguous and often conflicted reality. It also provides an opportunity to reconstruct the cognitive skills manifested in the verbal and non-verbal reactions of children put in front of an organised problematic situation. In view of such a conclusion, it is worth taking the time to analyse the complex problem: how children perceive the world and how to reconstruct in practice children’s processes associated with understanding, categorising, and evaluating the world.

Al-Biruni: A Muslim Critical Thinker

As an academic course, critical thinking has emerged in the last century as the one of the important subjects, especially in the second half. But as a kind of thinking and a process of the human reason, it was exist as old as mankind. What are known, nowadays, as (standards) of critical thinking or (characteristic) of critical thinker were used by some ancient Greek philosophers, e.g. Socrates, Aristotle, as well as great Muslim scholars, e.g. al-Biruni, al-Ghazali, etc. al-Biruni was known as a great Muslim scholar due to objectively scientific method in his works. Moreover, he also was famed in comparative religion which early in history of discipline of comparative religion. However, this study attempts to talk about al-Biruni, one of greatest Muslim scholar in history from another side of previously discussion. It is tries to analyze al-Biruni as a Muslim critical thinker based on his monumental work of Tahqiq ma li al-Hind min Maqulah Maqbulah fi al-‘Aql aw Mardhulah or it is known by Kitab al-Hind.

Al-Biruni: A Muslim Critical Thinker

As an academic course, critical thinking has emerged in the last century as the one of the important subjects, especially in the second half. But as a kind of thinking and a process of the human reason, it was exist as old as mankind. What are known, nowadays, as (standards) of critical thinking or (characteristic) of critical thinker were used by some ancient Greek philosophers, e.g. Socrates, Aristotle, as well as great Muslim scholars, e.g. al-Biruni, al-Ghazali, etc. al-Biruni was known as a great Muslim scholar due to objectively scientific method in his works. Moreover, he also was famed in comparative religion which early in history of discipline of comparative religion. However, this study attempts to talk about al-Biruni, one of greatest Muslim scholar in history from another side of previously discussion. It is tries to analyze al-Biruni as a Muslim critical thinker based on his monumental work of Tahqiq ma li al-Hind min Maqulah Maqbulah fi al-‘Aql aw Mardhulah or it is known by Kitab al-Hind.

China: Contradictions of a Developing Countryy

The call for realization of 'China Dream' by the current leadership led by Presdient Xi Jinping includes among other things, realization of the 'xiaokang shehui' in 2019 and attain the status of 'developed country' by 2049. Given this kind of thinking, it won't be wrong to hypothesise that the Chinese leadership considers itself to be a developing country. However, the Chinese leadership has been very sophisticated in changing its labels from that of a 'developed country' to a 'developing country'. Given that it qualifies already as a great power only behind the US, it is perplexing for many China watchers that why does China still consider itself a 'developing country'.

An Outline of a Theory of Expectation

An Outline of a Theory of Expectation Luiz Carlos Cagliari Abstract The word expectation has been used since long time. It is a common lexical item. However, there are a few studies on its nature and functions. New perspectives on Cognitive Semantics created methodologies that allow new approaches to the theme. Language is a mirror of the mind and the language in use allows seeing how the mind functions. Expectation is closer linked to the speaker’s intention and to the hearer’s interpretation than to literal utterances. All communication process must be settled previously on some expectation. The speaker hopes that his hearer understands not only the literal discourse, but all untold information according to social use of the language. In this paper, the idea of expectation differs from the presuppositions, connotations and other pragmatic forms to interpret the discourse. Not only the speaker but also the hearer may create his own expectations, in the communicative process. The idea of expectation is the motivation for all kinds of thinking and speaking. It may emerge as an individual, a community, a social or a historical fact. All saying is interpreted within a frame of expectations. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/ijlc.v4n1a6

Investigating Proportional Reasoning in a University Quantitative Literacy Course

The ability to reason with proportions is known to take a long time to develop and to be difficult to learn. We regard proportional reasoning (the ability to reason about quantities in relative terms) as a threshold concept for academic quantitative literacy. Our study of the teaching and learning of proportional reasoning in a university quantitative literacy course for law students consisted of iterative action research, in which we introduced various teaching interventions and analysed students’ written responses to assessment questions requiring students to explain their reasoning in situations that call for proportional reasoning. For this analysis we used a modified phenomenographic method to develop and refine a framework to code the responses. This enabled us to broadly describe the responses in terms of the concept of the liminal space that a student must traverse in coming to a full understanding of a threshold concept, and to further define the liminal space to facilitate finer description of students’ responses. Our latest analysis confirmed that many university students cannot reason with proportions, that this kind of thinking is difficult to learn, and that it takes more time than is available in a one-semester course. The context and structure of the questions have a marked effect on students’ ability to apply proportional reasoning successfully. The fraction of students who were classified as ‘at or over the threshold’ (i.e., fairly competent at proportional reasoning) after instruction ranged between 8% for the most difficult question and 48% for the easiest.

Práticas didático-pedagógicas de ciências: Estratégias de ensino / aprendizagem promotoras do pensamento crítico

Recognizing the importance of developing critical thinking of students research has been developed in order to establish answer to the question of how to promote this kind of thinking. As regards the teaching / learning of science are described some of the studies that have been conducted in Portugal, including in teacher education. The results of these investigations maintain that more than the type of strategy is mainly to orientate explicit and operation that makes about promoting critical thinking skills

Behavioural Comparison of Driverswhen Driving a Motorcycle or a Car: A Structural Equation Modelling Study

The goal of the study was to investigate if the drivers behave in the same way when they are driving a motorcycle or a car. For this purpose, the Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire and Driver Behaviour Questionnaire were conducted among the same drivers population. Items of questionnaires were used to develop a structural equation model with two factors, one for the motorcyclist’s behaviour, and the other for the car driver’s behaviour. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were also applied in this study. Results revealed a certain difference in driving behaviour. The principal reason lies probably in mental consciousness that the risk-taking driving of a motorbike can result in much more catastrophic consequences than when driving a car. The drivers also pointed out this kind of thinking and the developed model has statistically confirmed the behavioural differences. The implications of these findings are also argued in relation to the validation of the appropriateness of the existing traffic regulations.

Interdisciplinarity and anxiety

AbstractAt the level of institutional strategy, interdisciplinary research looks like a positive and productive exchange. At the personal level, where it is enmeshed with career progress, disciplinary anxieties and tensions at the interface between sometimes incommensurate kinds of thinking, there can be frictions and difficulties. These, however, are part of what makes such research so valuable, in that they enable individuals and groups within subjects on both sides to uncover those things that need to be better understood. This article forms part of an ongoing thematic collection dedicated to interdisciplinary research.

Locating Thought Insertion on the Map of Ordinary Thinking

Locating Thought Insertion on the Map of Ordinary Thinking Victoria Y. Allison-Bolger (bio) Keywords thought insertion, agency, reason giving, intrusive thinking, paranoia In her account of thought insertion, Pedrini (2015) follows the prevailing view that it is an error about ‘who is thinking a thought.’ This view is based on a particular characterization of thinking as analogous to physical actions, where an object can be made, possessed, moved about, and put in and out of containers. This picture is well-suited for explaining thought insertion where the speaker talks of having the thoughts of others put into his mind. The question, ‘Who is thinking?’ can then be answered in at least two ways, as the person who has or possesses the thought, or the person who produces it. This leads into discussions about agency and its criteria. This move is understandable as part of a project to explain psychological phenomena in terms of putative underlying causes. But it can also lead away from the fine-grained analysis that Pedrini says is necessary to identify what is pathological about so-called symptoms. The search for an underlying cause implies that ‘thinking’ is a phenomenon with an essence that is shared by all its instances. But if we look at the many ways in which the word ‘thinking’ is used, we see that it is a highly ramified concept. As Hanfling (1993) shows there are essential differences between its uses in different contexts. The word ‘thinking’ can be used to designate an activity such as, puzzling over a problem or, composing a poem, or a piece of music. Like physical activities these forms of thinking can be done at will, or under instruction, can be stopped and started, be hard or easy, and endure for a period of time. This active thinking can be contrasted with passive thinking such as day-dreaming, or being struck by a thought, or having an image occur to one. In a footnote Hanfling cites Wittgenstein’s comment that an insomniac may be told that he cannot sleep because his ‘mind is too active.’ Hanfling says: “In this case the activity is going on in spite of the agent’s desire. One might say he is suffering rather than performing the activity. These thoughts are intrusive” (Hanfling 1993, 102–3). Thus, we can distinguish three kinds of thinking: active, which I do; passive, which just happens; and, intrusive, which is done to me. Descriptions of thinking reveal other subtleties in how the word is used. In the following I look at deliberation, sudden understanding, and thinking as you speak. Frankl (2004, 13) was a Jew living in Nazi-occupied Vienna who could have avoided Auschwitz [End Page 235] by emigrating to America. His old parents were overjoyed at the possibility: I suddenly hesitated, however. The question beset me: could I really afford to leave my parents alone to face their fate, to be sent, sooner or later, to a concentration camp, or even to a so-called extermination camp? Where did my responsibility lie? Should I foster my brain child, logotherapy, by emigrating to fertile soil where I could write my books? Or should I concentrate on my duties as a real child, the child of my parents who had to do whatever he could to protect them? I pondered the problem this way and that but could not arrive at a solution; this was the type of dilemma that made one wish for a “hint from Heaven,” as the phrase goes. (Frankl 2004, 13) Frankl says he faced a dilemma and this is what he describes, the difficulty of having to choose between equally unfavorable options. Hanfling (1993, 104–5) says a person may describe his thought process in the form of an inner conversation. However, he may affirm, deny, or be uncertain as to whether the thoughts passed through his mind in this way. So, it is not evident that an inner verbalization must have taken place. Poincaré describes a moment of sudden understanding. Struggling with his mathematical work he set it aside to go on a geological trip. As he stepped on the omnibus: [T]he idea came to me, without...

Toward a new nationally representative household panel survey (NRHPS)

A Nationally Representative Household Panel Survey (NRHPS) would represent a natural extension into the mid-21st century of the development of repeated cross-sectional and then longitudinal/panel household surveys that have constituted major resources for developments in social science and social policy since World War II. Although an inherently expensive endeavor, it would keep the U.S. comparable to and competitive with similarly wealthy nations that have already developed NRHPSs. An NRHPS may be the most cost-effective way to generate the data needed for advancement in social science and social policy because such progress requires data on a much wider range of attributes of the same individuals, households, and their environments than are currently available in existing surveys. These surveys tend to be specialized by scientific disciplines, substantive/policy areas, and/or segments of the population, and thus preclude the kind of thinking and data necessary across disciplines, substantive policy areas, and segments of the population that are most needed in both social science and social policy. To be a cost-effective vehicle for such purposes an NHRPS must: (1) create integration and synergy across disciplines, substantive areas, and population subgroups; (2) cost-effectively meet scientific and logistical challenges; and (3) foster and utilize scientific and methodological innovations.

Entre o risco e a leveza - dois poetas brasileiros contemporâneos

O artigo trata de dois poetas contemporâneos que na sua linguagem procuram um outro tipo de pensamento, que articule outras possibilidades de real. Críticos da realidade tal como está estruturada no mundo contemporâneo, sua poesia é interrogação e questionamento.