Kind Of Review Research Articles

Storing and sharing wisdom and traditional knowledge in the library

Traditional library practice focuses on print collections and developing collections of materials that have been published, which means the documents have gone through some kind of review or vetting process. This practice leaves a wide swath of potential knowledge out of the collection. For example, indigenous knowledge, beliefs, and experience are different, in that they do not undergo the same review or vetting process; we might refer to these types of content as wisdom. Non-print collections, such as collections of recorded oral histories, represent less traditional forms of knowledge. Human libraries push the boundaries further in the quest to integrate wisdom and lived experience into library collections. This paper delineates the relationship between wisdom and knowledge that arose during a phenomenological study of the everyday information practices of Kenyan university women. The women were asked to photograph everyday events from their life and describe what they saw. One finding was a divergent presentation of wisdom and knowledge. Because the women were describing this in relation to their education, we assert that this demonstrates a need to reconsider positivist assumptions in library science, bringing what the women called wisdom into the stacks. How, though, can wisdom be stored and shared?

“Popularity Effect” in User-Generated Content: Evidence from Online Product Reviews

Online product reviews are increasingly important for consumer decisions, yet we still know little about how reviews are generated in the first place. In an effort to gather more reviews, many websites encourage user interactions such as allowing one user to subscribe to another. Do these interactions actually facilitate the generation of product reviews? More importantly, what kind of reviews do such interactions induce? We study these questions using data from one of the largest product review websites where users can subscribe to one another. By applying both panel data and a flexible matching method, we find that as users become more popular, they produce more reviews and more objective reviews; however, their numeric ratings also systematically change and become more negative and more varied. Such trade-off has not been previously documented and has important implications for both product review and other user-generated content websites.

S13.2 Evidence-Based Targeted Review of HIV and STI Prevention Interventions Among MSM

BackgroundIn Europe, men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately affected by STI/HIV. Sex between men is the predominant mode of HIV and syphilis transmission and contributes to a third of gonorrhoea cases in 2011. The main goal of this evidence-based review was to gather and critically appraise the scientific evidence for and to inform European guidance on a comprehensive approach for HIV, STI and hepatitis prevention among MSM.MethodsRelevant data bases were searched for publications related to disease prevention and health promotion among MSM. All kinds of reviews were included but gave presence to systematic reviews, when no reviews were found individual studies were included. A critical appraisal of the quality of each study was performed before inclusion in the targeted review. The Highest Attainable Standard of Evidence (HASTE) was used for grading as the basis for recommendations as HASTE was specifically developed to evaluate evidence regarding HIV/STI interventions among key populations. HASTE takes into account three categories with equal weight: efficacy data; implementation science data; biological and public health plausibility.ResultsSeven interventions were identified to be strongly recommended for prevention of HIV, STI and/or hepatitis, and 15 interventions for probable or possible recommendation. Consistent condom use, HIV treatment as prevention, peer outreach and support groups for men testing HIV negative as well as for HIV positive men, together with HSV-2 suppression therapy with acyclovir to prevent genital ulcer disease and hepatitis B vaccination, were all strongly recommended according to the HASTE grading.ConclusionsIn general, studies of acceptable quality from the European context were few and made the assessment of context-specific effectiveness difficult. Additionally, effectiveness studies looking into real-life effectiveness of biomedical interventions were very few. Future research would be able to contribute with more information from the specific European settings including (cost-) effectiveness studies.

Comparative analysis of double-blind review and open review of Ph.D candidates' thesis

Improvement of the review of dissertation for doctoral degree is important for the training of qualified doctors.Current practice includes double-blind review and open review.This paper compares and analyses the outcome of the two kinds of reviews and found that double-blind review is more objective that the other(the mean of open review score is 96.39±2.069,the mean of double-blind review score is 85.18±6.635.P=0.001,P＜0.01).In the end some suggestions are proposed to improve the double-blind review system. Key words: Ph.D candidates' dissertation; Double-blind review; Open review

The Justiciability of Fair Balance Under the Federal Advisory Committee Act: Toward a Deliberative Process Approach

The Federal Advisory Committee Act’s requirement that advisory committees be “fairly balanced in terms of the points of view represented and the functions to be performed” is generally considered either nonjusticiable under the Administrative Procedure Act or justiciable but subject to highly deferential review. These approaches stem from courts’ purported inability to discern from the text of the statute any meaningful legal standards for policing representational balance. Thus, the Federal Advisory Committee Act’s most important substantive limitation on institutional pathologies such as committee “capture” or domination is generally unused despite the ubiquity of federal advisory committees in the modern regulatory state.This note argues for a new reading of the Federal Advisory Committee Act’s fair balance provision that would make the provision justiciable. Instead of reading the provision to require quantitative representational balancing of various interests — and thus asking courts to make political decisions — this note contends that the text of the provision permits an alternative reading, which I call the “deliberative process” reading. Under this reading, courts would decide whether a committee’s record airs all of the relevant viewpoints associated with the issue under the committee’s consideration. This kind of review is familiar to courts in other administrative law contexts, so there would be no plausible argument that the provision is unreviewable for lack of meaningful standards. I argue that this deliberative process reading would enhance advisory outputs and ensure that this “fifth branch” of government is still under public control.

Evaluation of an Eco-industrial Park Based on a Social Network Analysis

Abstract The rapid development of eco-industrial parks is indicative of one practical pattern of theories and methods in industrial ecology. By using a social network analysis method, we could go into the interior of the network and analyze the structural attributes of it, therefore finding out the management problems in the corresponding eco-industrial park. In this paper, we provide a primary guide to establishing evaluation indicators for an eco-industrial park, including the nodal degree, centralization, density, average distance, core-periphery and cohesive sub-groups, as well as other structural attribute indicators like centralizing and closing degrees of the network, or relations of sub-groups. Through this kind of review, we could provide some theoretical bases for evaluating eco-industrial parks, as well as enrich the technologies and methods for the study of industrial ecology. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Les « fonctions suicidaires » : revue de la littérature et perspectives

Fifteen years ago, Baechler presented his "strategic theory of suicide". Following a viewpoint initiated at the end of the 1950's by Stengel and Cook, he proposed the more accomplished theoretical development of suicidal functions. We propose a critical review of international empiric literature following this approach. We carried out a bibliographic research on PsychINFO(®) databank, crossing terms of suicide attempt, deliberate self-harm and parasuicide, to reasons, motivations, functions, intentions. Thirty-one articles were selected. They cover a period ranging from 1971 to 2008, and from Europe to the USA. Few studies have been conducted in France, but international literature has grown since 1970, and some questionnaires have been created: e.g. the Motives for Parasuicide Questionnaire (MPQ, Kerkhof et al., 1993 [28]) and the Reasons for Attempting Suicide Questionnaire (RASQ, Holden et al., 1998 [24]). The first intentions mentioned are internal perturbations type: to get relief, to escape, cannot endure situation or thoughts any longer, loss of control. They are often blended with interpersonal intentions: to make people understand what they felt, to seek help, to make things easier for others, while more aggressive, punitive or manipulative functions are seldom reported. Women report more reasons than men, but do not differ in their pattern of intentions. Suicide attempters report varying desire to die across studies. Some inconsistent distinctions can be made from age and gender but few from subjects' suicidal history. One can wonder if subject's answers are really honest, particularly in regards to social desirability. Links between internal perturbations and suicidal intent, hopelessness, and depression are logically found, which aims to give evidence that, at least for this dimension, subjects give true answers, but which also point out the redundant aspect of some items of the suicidant functions scales (e.g. "to die"). Today, it turns out that this kind of research should be managed in France, by creating tools and questionnaires, validating existing ones and, internationally, by taking into account gender, age, and subjects' suicidal history to obtain more clear results. So far, to our knowledge, this kind of review has never been conducted. Suicidal functions appear to be a rich and relevant approach to better understand suicide attempts, notably in a "suicidal crisis" perspective. In the future, some links with coping strategies and cathartic effect of the attempts could be made. We also point out that it could be relevant for psychotherapeutic care.

Translating Evidence from Systematic Reviews for Policy Makers

Gerontological nurses who have received education and have experience in conducting systematic reviews may assume a key role in interpreting systematic reviews for policy makers. Systematic reviews offer evidence to determine the best policy and program solutions to a problem. To be successful in translating evidence from systematic reviews, gerontological nurses need to (a) understand the steps of the policy making process and where different kinds of reviews may be used, (b) assess the "technical" literacy and level of interest in gerontological issues of the intended policy maker, and (c) develop and practice skills in policy writing that distill information in policy briefs as well as shorter formats. Gerontological nurses can be powerful advocates for older adults using the systematic review of the literature as an instrument to educate policy makers.

Consumer-Generated versus marketer-generated websites in consumer decision making

Internet users are encouraged to rate and review all kinds of services and products. These kinds of reviews are described as eWOM (electronic word-of-mouth). Our central question is ‘Are consumers using these reviews, and what is the role of eWOM as compared with commercial-marketer-generated information and advertising on the internet?’ The vacation decision process was used as the domain of investigation, but these results are also compared with four other domains. The conclusion is that the roles of both types of site are complementary. Furthermore, it was found that, overall, positive and neutral/mixed contributions to consumer-generated websites are far more frequent than negative ones. Based on these findings, the implications for marketing and advertising strategies are sketched out: additional to existing strategies, market research has to monitor the eWOM about brands and, by using this information, companies should flexibly adapt their advertising to the discussion points raised at the consumer-generated sites.

GGR Critical Review of Analytical Developments in 2006–2007

In 2005 the Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research editorial team, in the true spirit of scientific endeavour, embarked on an experiment of our own. We decided to trial a new kind of review, somewhat different from those more typically observed in journals, and one that would provide readers with a summary of analytical developments across a broad range of topics appropriate to the Earth sciences. The first contribution of this kind appeared in 2005, and reported on developments in 2003 (Hergt et al. 2005). The second, this time a biennial review, was published in 2006 and reported on highlights of the 2004 and 2005 literature (Hergt et al. 2006). Based on reprint requests, positive remarks at conferences and strong citations we consider the experiment a resounding success and proudly present here the third in this series. This comprises six individual review sections that cover the main analytical technologies and topical application fields in geoanalysis and geochemistry, including geological and environmental reference materials, ICP‐thermal and secondary ionisation‐mass spectrometry, as well as neutron activation analysis, X‐ray fluorescence and atomic absorption spectrometry.

Reading, writing and systematic review.

This paper offers a discussion of the reading and writing practices that define systematic review. Although increasingly popular, systematic review has engendered a critique of the claims made for it as a more objective method for summing up research findings than other kinds of reviews. An alternative understanding of systematic review is as a highly subjective, albeit disciplined, engagement between resisting readers and resistant texts. Reviewers of research exemplify the resisting reader when they exclude reports on grounds of relevance, quality, or methodological difference. Research reports exemplify resistant texts as they do not simply yield their findings, but rather must be made docile to review. These acts of resistance make systematic review possible, but challenge claims of its greater capacity to control bias. An understanding of the reading and writing practices that define systematic review still holds truth and objectivity as regulative ideals, but is aware of the reading and writing practices that both enable and challenge those ideals.

Comments about “European guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pelvic girdle pain”

This publication was developed within the frame work of Cost Action B113 ‘‘low back pain: guidelines for its management’’ issued by the European Commission, Research Directorate-general, Department of Policy, Coordination and Strategy. The method is an evidence based systematic review where studies were accepted according to a review system. If no studies were accepted or found, the recommendations are based on expert consensus opinion from the authors. A total of 155 of 202 studies were accepted for this review and 23 clinically related recommendations are given. It is commendable to undertake such review; it is time consuming, difficult and important and of course various professional and non-professional groups will critique it. However, this kind of review leads to more research, debates and usually reforms and advances clinical care both diagnostics and treatments. The authors have made a musculoskeletal definition of pelvic girdle pain (PGP) and functional definition of joint stability. The definition of musculoskeletal PGP is good and should be used. However, the definition of functional stability of joint is less useful. The authors propose optimal stability and non-optimal stability with no indication of what that means for the pelvic girdle. The definition is very general and does little to enhance clinical diagnostics of care or treatment, with such an effort done it would have enhanced the review with a more specific definition.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF MALARIA IN PREGNANCY TO PERINATAL MORTALITY

The link between malaria and perinatal mortality was explored by systematically reviewing 117 studies published between 1948 and 2002. The mean perinatal mortality rate was higher in malaria endemic countries (61.1/1,000, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 52.1-70.1) than in non-endemic countries (25.8/1,000, 95% CI = 21.1-30.6). Similarly, the fetal mortality rate was higher in endemic countries (40.1/1,000, 95% CI = 32.1-48.0) than in non-endemic countries (20.0/1,000, 95% CI = 13.2-26.8) countries. Considering that perinatal mortality is an important indicator of obstetric care quality and socioeconomic development, further analysis was restricted to countries with a human development index between 500 and 800. In this category, the perinatal mortality rate was also significantly higher in endemic countries (50.5/1,000, 95% CI = 35.5-65.5) than in non-endemic countries (30.0/1,000, 95% CI = 25.7-34.3). In some publications, the occurrence of placental malaria and stillbirth was available. Placental malaria was significantly associated with a higher risk for stillbirth, regardless of parity (odds ratio = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.49-3.22, P < 0.001). Despite the limitations involved in this kind of review, all information found indicates that in endemic countries, malaria is an important determinant of perinatal mortality. Preventive measures such as intermittent preventive treatment or insecticide-treated bed nets could substantially reduce perinatal mortality and fetal wastage.

"Apres Moi Le Deluge"? Judicial Review in Hong Kong Since Britain Relinquished Sovereignty

"Apres Moi Le Deluge"? Judicial Review in Hong Kong Since Britain Relinquished Sovereignty

The invited review ? or, my field, from my standpoint, written by me using only my data and my ideas, and citing only my publications.

The invited review ? or, my field, from my standpoint, written by me using only my data and my ideas, and citing only my publications.

Sophistic or sophisticate?

It is amusing to see a review that complains of a lack of sophistication in the treatment of data or development of a theory in a paper submitted for publication. “Sophistication” apparently is something good; something that enhances the value of a paper. These kinds of reviews usually come from recent Ph.D.s, often from Cambridge or La Jolla. Editors usually side with the reviewers.

Similitude, similarity, and scaling

An exceptionally rich and colorful literature, drawn in almost equal parts from pure mathematics, from the sciences, and from the technologies, has grown up over the years, which bear in different ways on the topics under discussion. It is the intent of the present paper to survey this far-flung literature, point out some of the commonalities and interrelationships which underlie it, and briefly indicate how it has been and can be applied. To my knowledge, this kind of review has not been attempted before.

Reviews of Undergraduate Departments: An External Reviewer's Perspective

Do you look forward to a trip to your dentist? Or a complete physical? If so, you probably don't need to read this. However, If you're the sort who dreads (and usually forgets) their next check-up, read on... Although it's typically a nondecision, your department may have to decide whether it will undertake an external review. Usually, the issue comes up when you and your colleagues are least inclined to pursue It: at the beginning of the semester, when you're just gearing up; during the middle of the semester, when you're facing the crunch of midterms; at the end of the semester, when you're trying hard to get everything done; at the beginning of the next semester, etc: On any of these occasions, you naturally wonder why you need any kind of review and probably find it quite tempting to put it off for another year (at least). External reviews, I suspect, are easy to avoid or postpone. Although I lack comprehensive data on this point, I suspect that most colleges and universities have not routinized the review process by, for example, requiring every department to be reviewed every several years. Moreover, even when there are Institutional

To Toast, Pan or Waffle: How Film Reviews Affect Reader Interest and Credibility Perception

Do audiences question negative reviews? Are they more interested in praise than in pans? Do they find one kind of review more credible than another? This experiment assessed subjects' interest in positive, mixed or negative reviews and their perceptions of review credibility. A “non-review” containing no evaluative adjectives served as a control. Positive reviews and non-reviews were found significantly more interesting than mixed and negative reviews but not significantly more credible.

Evaluating Manuscripts in Political Science

A developmental review is a request for advice from experts and potential adopters of the book. Basically, we ask the reviewer to help us evaluate and shape the manuscript by telling us honestly and directly what's good about it and what's not so good.We commission three kinds of reviews.We occasionally ask well known scholars to serve as expert advisors, providing bibliographies, abstracts of articles, and outlines. They read draft chapters and then reread them. The point of their efforts is to help a nonexpert author gain expertise. Remuneration is generous by publishing standards: about $500 per chapter. The expert advisor can expect to have his or her name associated with the book when it's published. This kind of reviewing is relatively rare in political science.In another kind of expert review, we ask specialists to prepare outlines and provide bibliographies and do one careful reading. The fee is usually $250 per chapter.